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U nited F arm W orkers and E quality
C alifornia J oin F orces
In response to the United Farm Workers of
Americas announcement to support marriage
equality, California political director Christine
Chavez and Equality California executive direc­
tor Geoffrey Kors issued the following state­
ments June 23.
“We are humbled by the support of the Unit­
ed Fann Workers and their long-standing com­
mitment to fair and equal treatment for all hard­
working families," Kors said. “Tens of thousands
of same-sex couples want the same opportunities
as any other committed relationship to provide
and safeguard their families. California is home
to the largest population of Latino same-sex cou­
ples and their families in the country, and today’s
UFW support only reaffirms that this is an issue
for all families to have the same basic protections
and responsibilities. We stand tall with the
United Farm Workers in support of equality and
economic justice and kx>k forward to our joint
efforts to boycott Gallo wine and pass equal mar­
riage rights legislation in California.”
Chavez added: “The United Farm Workers
stand together with Equality California for eco­
nomic justice and equality for all families. This
is about one civil rights movement joining
forces with another to affirm shared values of
social justice. Our struggles are rightfully linked:
The New England Journal of Medicine.
It reinforces the view that such “super­
infection” can ixxur, though the frequency of
such events is not known, and the clinical
importance of second infections is muddy.
The Dutch patient is a 35-year-old gay man
who initially tested positive for HIV in March
2001. He entered into medical care, and hkxxl
samples were drawn and stored. But his CD4
count remained above 500, and he did not
begin combination therapy. He continued to
engage in risky sexual behavior.
In early July 2003 he experienced flulike
symptoms for about a week. Blood work showed
that his viral load had skyrocketed from thou­
sands to millions of copies of HIV (from 3 logs
to more than 6 logs) and that his CD4 count
had plummeted by more than 250 in just a few
months.
His immune system was able to regain con­
trol of the infection but at a higher viral load
and a lower CD4 count than the previous
plateaus of control. His CD4 count continues to
decline, and he likely soon will begin combina­
tion therapy.
Antoinette C. van der Kuyl and colleagues
looked at the detailed genetic sequences of viral
RNA in the patient’s stored blood samples to
get a better understanding of what had hap­
pened. They determined that he initially was
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from the farmworkers’ current boycott of Gallo
wine to the battle to achieve equality for all
through marriage equality.
“This announcement also has special mean­
ing for me. Beginning in the 1970s, before there
was widespread public acceptance of gay people,
especially among Latinos, my grandfather,
César Chavez, spoke out strongly for gay rights.
He attended gay rights rallies and marches. He
brought with him the UFW’s black eagle flags
and farmworkers who wished to participate.
There are certain lessons a granddaughter
learned from growing up around her grand­
father: You can’t champion equality for your
own people when you tolerate discrimination
against any people because of who they are.
Also, leadership isn’t about following the
crowd. It’s about getting out in front and lead­
ing people in the right direction. Because they
have so often been the victims of discrimina­
tion, farmworkers and Latinos of all ages have a
strong affinity for equal rights and opportuni­
ties. Freedom is indivisible. You cannot grant it
to some and deny it to others. It is either for
everybody or it is for nobody."
—Sarah Dougher
T riple HIV I nfection
A patient in Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
has been infected with HIV on three separate
occasions over the course of about two years.
The report is published in the June 16 edition of
infected with a clade B virus, the variation of
HIV that predominates in the United States
and Western Europe.
The flulike symptoms experienced in July
2003 were caused by superinfection with an AE
clade virus, which is found most commonly in
Thailand.
But what really surprised the researchers was
the discovery that the patient had become
infected with a second strain of clade B virus at
some point between hkxxl draws in July and
October 2002. The genetic sequences were suf­
ficiently different that it was unlikely that the
variant could have mutated from the initial
clade B infection.
The second infection went unnoticed
because the virus was close enough to the first
one for the immune system to recognize and
control it without going through the clinical
manifestations of flulike symptoms.
U.S. AIDS doctors were not surprised by the
report.
“There’s no doubt that superinfection occurs
more frequently than we think, hut I suspect it
is still rare,” said LTouglas Ward, a physician in
Washington, D.C. “No one looks for it unless
the patient gets reinfected with a more aggres­
sive second strain that results in a clinical
change, and only research facilities are able to
show the second strain, unless there’s an obvi­
ous change in genotype.”
Ward said it reinforces a report last year at