THE WESt SHORE.
105
tains a college, flouring mill, bubIi and door factory and a
popnlntion of 1,100. North YauiliiU is another shipping
point on the same line, and contains two flouring mills, a
saw mill and a population of 300. Amity, on the same
line, and in the southern portion of the oounty, possesses
a flouring mill, and ships considerable farm produce.
Sheridan, on the narrow gauge rood, contains a grist mill
and feed mill, and is an important shipping point An
other shipping point on the narrow gauge is Dayton, situ
ated on Yamhill River, and containing a flouring mill,
saw mill and a population of 400. Middlotown is a village
of seventy-five people, and contains grist and saw mills.
Wheatland is a shipping point on the river, and contains
about seventy-five people. Newberg is anoth6r village of
about the same size, containing flouring and saw mills.
Carlton on the 0. & 0., West Chehalom, Bellevue and
Dundee are other villages in the oounty. Yamhill is
thickly settled in the eastern and central portions, and
contains a greater number of the early pioneers of Oregon
than any other county in the valley.
WAHHINQTON COUNTY.
In its area of some CGO square miles Washington
County embraces a great diversity of mountains, hills
and valleys, open prairies and donse forests. It is the
most northerly of the counties lying partially in tho Will
amette Valley, and is Burroundod by Columbia, Multuq,
mah, Clackamas, Yamhill, Tillamook and Clatsop, extend
ing from near the Willamette River on the east to tho
summit of the Coast Range on the west It cannot be
said to lie in the valley proper. Its valley land is known
as the "Tualatin Plains," and occupies a region of its
own, drained by the Tualatin River and hommod in by
the Chehalem Mountains, that occupy a prominent place
in the Willamette region, dividing Washington County
from the rest Washington has beautiful prairie reaches
all along the course of the Tualatin that are surrounded
by forests of fir. You oontiuually pass in and out of bolts
of timber and find fine farms occupying every available
location. The soil of the oounty is excellent and is famous
for good crops, but there is over much fern growing in
places that farmers do not value as they might something
else. The oounty has many good farmors and good farms,
and quite an interest is taken in fine stock. Good horses
of all kinds, cattle, sheep and swine are found there.
Farmers in this section come nearor practicing mixod
husbandry than in most other localities. Tlioir nearness to
Portland gives them better opportunity. The northwest
ern portion lies in the heavily timbered belt spoken of in
Columbia, Clatsop and Tillamook, and no doubt possesses
iron and coal in common with those counties. A railroad
has been surveyed from Forest Orovo, in this oounty, to
Astoria, passing through this mouutain region, opening
up a means of getting its lumber to market, as well as
giving settlers an opportunity to make homes on the
thousands of acres along the streams and in the little
mountain valleys. There is a vast belt of foothill and
mountain country wholly unclaimed that is well worth the
attention of immigrants, as well for the timber as the soiL
The towns of Washington are all in the valley, and
the more important ones are on the line of the O. A C.
west Bido routo, which traverses the oounty. The oounty
seat and chief railroad point is Hillsboro, a good business
town of BOO people, containing steam flouring mills.
Forest Grove, the point of junctiou of tho proposed
Astoria railroad with tho O. & 0., is a beautiful town of
somo COO inhabitants, containing 'flouring mills, sash and
furniture factory, a popular university, an Indian train
ing school, and a library of 5,000 volume Beavertou is
a railroad shipping point, having a population of 100.
Cornelius is Btiothor railroad village, containing 150 poo.
pie, a saw mill and brick yard. Dilly, Summit and Rood
villo are other points on the railroad. Tualatin, on tho
Tualatin River, oontuins about fifty people, and possesses
two saw mills and two grist mills. Scholl'i Forry, also
on the Tualatin, is a small villago, oontaining a grist mill.
Other villages aro Garden Homo, having a saw mill;
Laurel, Mountain Dale, oontaining saw and shingle mills;
Glonooo, possessing a grist mill; Groonvillo and Ingles,
in which a grist mill is located.
COLUMBIA COUNTY,
Though not in any sense lying in Willamette Vslley,
and, in fact, possessing but little valley land, Columbia
County is by its location and interests more closely nsso.
ciatod with that region than any other. It is situated
north of Washington and oast of Clatsop, ami has for its
northern and eastern boundary the great Columbia for
fifty miles and Willamette Slough for ten mile. Jiy
moans of these it is reached by the largo river steamers,
and as those were until recently tho only means of trans
portntion, the settlement of the oounty has been chiefly
confined to the viuiuity of the streams, Tho Northern
Pacific road from Portland to Puget Sound runs along or
near the rivor, passing through Columbia City, and cross,
ing tbe river at Huuter's Point, opposite Kalama. This
rood will be an iiiijxirtant factor in tho future develop
mont of that region. The superficial area of the oounty
is 0H0 square miles. Its chief rosouroes are ooal, Iron
and timW, though there is much good land but partially
tilled. A rango of high hills, oovorod with timlier,
runs nearly parallel with the rivor. Ou one side aro the
Columbia Bottoms, and on the other the fertile Nehulmn
Valley. The bottom lands along the river are subject to
overflow in Juno, and when the water recedes a luxurious
growth of grass springs up, making splendid pasturage
and hay. The dairy business is quite extensively carried
on in these favored localities. Comparatively little form,
ing is done along the river, the lumbering business ah
sorbing the attention of tho people. Every stream of any
sizo has been cleared -of obstructions, so that logs onu be
run down them in high water season. Logs are also
hauled to the bottom lands, and when thry are floated by
the freshets are made up into rafts and towed to the
mills on the river, to Portland, and even to Astoria. On
Scapxjoe Creek is the Richland Mill whose product is
hauled to Oosa's Landing for shipment At St IL'leus,
the county seat, is the mill of Mucklo Bros. It is the