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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (March 1, 1881)
THE WEST SHORE. 69 with lion itili, to the extent of about 1,166,500 loni. it u not possible, nor Is It necessary, lor ui 10 enter upon a consideration of the exact or even approximate economy of fuel represented by f wry inalvMtisI rroetii and arrliincc. Of r4- tiling furnaces alone, there art a vast number professing to Kcure great economy of fuel, in comparison with the ordinary reverberatory fur nace, aithougn tne latter Hill continue to hold their own In practice. There art alto many other directions, at we have already Intimated, in which a great saving 01 luel is eitecteil. we have, how. ever, sufficiently shown, in further elucidation of the suggestive question touched upon by Mr, llorsley in hit address, that, u the demand has Increased In one direction, It has materially di minished in another, and this, with additional sources of supply, has given us a surplus instead ol a dcarlh 0! cost. AN INDIAN FISHERY. Our illustration shows the atyle. of fishlntt praotioed soma years ago by the l'iute Indiana in Nevada. A tourist of a aoore of years ago fivse the following aooount: Ai we rounded a ittle knoll we discovered the entire rancheria Indiana in a bend of the river making nrvn- arationa to oatoh fish, and we at onoe rode down to witness the spoil, which proved to be a navel scene, stretching nearly across the atream wsa minutes, the poor auokere twisting themselves spaamodioally in their death agonies, waa truly ludiorous and amusing. A low of the Hsh en tered the trap, and at the last, one big fellow, soviiuj to hv gut au U ui U.e uuHr lims awaited him on either hand, and dipped about in the oenter of the pool, foiling tor a long time all their (Torts to oatoh him, they in the mean time getting highly excited, but filially a squaw pounced upon him and held him up in triumph. Imi'Hovxmxnts in Dvm'nii. --Mr. Theodore Dsux is the iuventor of a prooeaa for fixing rap., idly and uniformly mordauta on oaoherneroe, merinos and suoh klndl of woolen goods, aa also for the chemical curing of wool. The goods are treated In the ordinary way until they are ready for the mordents. These are prepared oolil, and are oompoeed according to the oolor re. quired, acidulated or not, or even consisting ol one aoid only, according to the new chemicals to be employed. The goods are immersed and wnrked till well Impregnated, whan they are lifted out and pressed, aud afterwards passed on cylinder heated by ateam to a high degree, in order to fix the mordant in a rapid and uni form manner. The fabrics thus mordanted are taken at onoe Into the dye bath at the boil, and the rest of the dyeing and fluishing done in the usual way. Heated stoves oen be used instead -r'e. i-n r TviTiiTTTi 1 ,' " , 1 '' INDIANS FISHING ON WALKER RIVER. March, 1881. COAL SURPLUS OF GREAT BRITAIN. The following, frem iron (London) of February It, on the much discussed question of Ureal Em.iu's cual supply, possesses unusual interest: " A few years since there was a great outcry respecting the probable duration of our coal fields, the exhaustion of which, it was predicted, would be accomplished at no very distant date. 'Ine estimates were mainly based upon the annually increasing consumption csuied by the rapid in creasj in the population, whilst insufficient al lowance was made for probable new discoveries of coal, and which have in fact since been msde. Witness the marked progress that has taken plsce during the past live years in the development of new workings In the South Yorkshire district. There is, however, another item on the credit side of the balance sheet, which it prolisbly never entered the head of any of bur ccal prophets to place there, but which has a very practical bear ing upon the present subject. This Is the economy result ng from improved conditions of working in the arts and manufactures, and from improved methods of consuming fuel. In one direction alone namely, In the manufacture of iron and steel, an enormoui saving has been effected ol Isle years by improved methods of working and by the utilisation ol waste gases. So far fiom this mat ter having been taken into conslderaiiou by those who assisted in the coal scare, they appeared to think that the Iron manufacture would ca: itseli out of coal, as It did once out of timber, and would become extinct. A leading writer upon the quest ion in 1865, Mr. Stanley levons, in one of his jcr imiades observes that, 'As our iron furnaces are a chief source of power in the present, their vora cious consumption of coste most threatening for the future,' and that our iron Ira le Is tssentially a suicidal trade in a national point of view. The question ol economy in fuel in the manufacture ol iron and steel was specially referred to by the ? resident of the Society ol Engineers, Mr. Charles lorsley, in the inaugural address which he de livered on Monday last, Mr, llorsley observed Hi at the cost of pig iron has been gieaily reduced by the adoption of the close-lopped blast-furnaces, the gases being taken from them for rais ing steam, and for other heating purposes. Re ferring to Mr. Hunt's returns, he pointed out that the average quantity of coal consumed per ton of pig iron made in the United Kingdom had de clined since 1871 to the extent of lb cwt, per ton, Applying this figure to 6,000,000 tons of pig iron, the tulal economy reaches 4,800,000 tons of coal per annum. With regard to wrought iron, we are ' not aware that any statistics of the consumption of coal in the manufacture have ever been col lected, nor is it possible to arrive at the quantity of such iron annually produced. The nearesi ap proximate estimate shows that at the present time about 1,750,000 tons of wrought iron are annually made in the United Kingdom, and that this is a decrease of about ball a million tons on ihe qusn Illy msde seven or eight years ago. No economy of fuel worth speaking uf has, we believe, tsken place for many years in this department of the Iron trade. In ninety-five cases out of a hum), red, Ihe seme puddling furnace that was used twenty years ago is still employed; and Ihe best authorities are pretty well agreed that three tons of coal per ton of finished iron is not loo high an average. This on a production of 1,750,000 tons, gives a total consumption of 6,650,000 tons on the present , output. As, however, that output is about half a million lea than it waa some years ago, we have reduced consumption of coal equi valent lo 1,500,000 tons in respect of this branch of manufacture. Turning 10 the manufacture ol steel, we may observe thai, so fares the Bessemer steel trade is concerned, it Is pretty generally ad mitted, and has, indeed, been proved by Ihe re sults of a large experience, thai the quantity of ' coal required lo produce a ton of steel rails is 65 per cent under thai sued n producing the ssme quantity of iron rails. If, therefore, the manufac ture of wrought iron wete lo give place entirely to that of Bessem.-r steel, anecooomy of 4 111, 500 loos of coal would be likely lo result. As it li, the quantity oi sleel rails now annually produced Is between 600,000 and 700,000 Ions. Assuming the figures lo be 650,000 per annum, we have a reduced consimpiioa of fuel, whets compared a rooky bar, over which vary little of the water rippled, while the main body of it made a sudden bend around, keeping close to the op posite bank. Just above the bar waa deep eddy, and above this the atream waa broad, shallow and rapid, and skirted on each aide with a thick growth of low, withy willow. Here of this willow the Indiana matte a drag about two ft. in diameter and in length audi oisut to reach aoroae the atream. On the' bar they had built a alight wall of the small rock ia the form of a half circle, at the lower side of which waa a willow fish trap, the water being only a few inches or a foot deep inside the oirole. When all waa ready they awung the drag out across the stream and let it aweep down to the eddy when they all gathered in above it and keeping It near the bottom swept it through to the shallow bar, bringing the two anils to join the wall, when they bad all the fish I "eorraled" within the eirole, then praeeiog their kneee upon the drag to keep It firmly to the bottom, they ootntneooed the exciting sport of polling out Ine fish, which as a mailer of course tried to find a pUoe of egress at the up per eide. The suckers, which eonatituted a greater portion of the fish, were eaaily taken in this wayi but the trout, more wily, Dipped lightly over the drag and away ap stream again. The scene they prcosutsd as they knelt over the drag, men ana squawe, old and yooag mixed up indiscriminately, and earned the flail to their eaoathe aa they ought then to bite their heads, frequently holding than ia their teeth (or some of eylindere. Mr. Daniel Fanquet flxea colors by ateam. He replaces the dye-batha which, aa ia not the rule, are generally heated up lo a certain temperature in order to Ax the eolor on the filler, by eonspletaly ould baths, and be af terwards ateemt to lix the oolur. Il ia said that great economy ia effected by this method. Ihtxhiktiiio Kxrsamaura A very Import ant and valuable series of experimenta 00 the strength of wrought iron columns baa been made by Mr. (1. Iloreaoaren. It includes a large number of columns mule by the Union Iron Mills, 1'itUburg, by the Cleveland Rolling Mill, Cleveland) the i'limnix Imn Co., l'holxille the I'enooyd Iron Works, rhiledelphla, and the Ohio Falls lino Works, New Albany, Ind. The fiaper waa read before the A marie sa Society of Civil F.uglneere, and ia published ia the last December number ol the traoaaotloaa of thai body. Hulthi'R ttt I.tisaii ATKiK. Il has long been known that sulphur eoole hoi bearing, bat the reason why ia doubtful. Von Use roe etalee that the floe snetal dust formed when journal runs hot, and which strongly acta upon both Journal and bearing, forma sul. phide with the sulphur, This compound, which grows soft and greasy, doae not cause any ap preciable amount of friction, Hulphnr and grease ia combination are ia regular nee oa board the steamers el ine North German Lioyda.