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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 1, 1881)
THE WEST SHORE. February, 1881. 38 HOW HANDLES ARE MADE, Very llttU hu ever bean wri'ten or published relating to this Industry. Nevertheless it hu taken wonderful slridw ul grown to mammoth proportion! during the put decade. More than $5,000,000 worth of handles and other oommod IUm manufactured in direct connection with this Industry, are turned out (vary yew, When we oome to ooneider that every home, etore, manufactory, and barn in this broad land hu from live to twenty handlee in every day use, we will not be surprised, or think the above llgurw overdrawn. It is our intention, however, to ooorine ourealvee more especially to the man ufacture nf implement handlee in this article. In the Drat plane, it if essential that the man ufactory should be situated in a locality where can be found an abundanue of white ash, hick ory, or maple timber. The log are out in bolt of from four to twenty feet long, according to the length of the handle to be mules then drawn to the factory and sawed into plank. Here, great care must be exercised to saw the timber with particular relerenoe to the grain. (July uwyera of years of eiperlenoaand adepts in their particular line should be employed. The durability and value of the handle depend largely upon the Ilrst sawing. The planks are sawed, out off, mails of a uni form length, and taken to the lalheto be turned. Hut a few years ago, a hundred llnished handles wu considered an unusually good day's work fur a single man to-day, oue man with a gauge lathe, is callable of turning out from seven to 1.200 per diem, according- to the length and hi of the handles. '1 he handles are next taken to the chucking machine, where the hip end it rounded and chucked i the bottom is at the ume time seised or chucked to lit the fer rule. This is rapidly dona, one man being able to chuck half a oarload per day. It should be remembered that the haudles are all turned while the timber is yet green. Alter the ohuok ing process, they are transferred to the dry kiln to be seasoned. If the handles are to be bent, they are steamed and plaoed in forms to oool, alter which they are taken to the finishing room and polished on sand bolt. I ml wertiil WorUl, HaHU Soar r a Cold lWxjw.-Mr. It, P. Fairlhorn, I'b. II., hu contributed the following recipe to the IhnwiMt CtmUtr ; A good hard soap cm be euily produced if four lbs. of olive or sweet almond oil mixed with two lbs. of soda lye, of the strength ol 30' ltaume, are stirred unlU of the onosMteno of thick paste, when it should be poured into molds, oovsred by several folds of muslin and kept in a warm room (or 20 hour. Hy Una treatment the prooees of uponi Boation, or union of the aoida in the oils with the alkali, is complete. When these materials are Oret mixed the temperature of the mau rise, and in order to effect the entire union of ingredient so M to form the oompound called soap, it ia neoeeaary that the heat thus gener ated should be maintained for some time, henoe the necessity for covering the mollis and keeping them ia a warm room, lie hu found that it ia deairabla to use oil that ia slightly rancid, or, II (re I rum rancidity, to add about 10 of oil that hu become to. (til that ia perfectly sweet requires two or three days to e fleet win woo. eponibea- rMuTtMiftArNtmi rut Cu NoMiwrHaat. J ans ae hu bees Induce,!, by hta late novel expert, aseota, to undertake photographs of the ohro MMpoer. He allow the aolar luminous action to oonUnue so long that the aolar image be oaM positive to the very otroamloreooo, with outgoing beyond it. The ohroeaotphero le then shown la the (ons of a dark ring, with the tbiekaces of r or 10 He hu compared post, tiv aad smativs aolar photograph, which were) obtained oa the) aasM day and with the a use ioatrssaeatl the Maanremaat of the 4 cswttr aboere that the dark ring ia question I wholly osts.de of th aolar diek.-t'swmi iWsa. A Nw Pbopxbtv iw Bgtniioii. M. Blond lot hu communicated the results of lome in vestigation on a new property of selenium, whioh is of timely interest In view of the famous re searches ol Bell and Tainter. M. Blondlot fiadn that when a piece of annealed selenium is con nected to one pole of a l.ipptnann capillary electrometer, by means of a platinum wire, ana a plate of platinum is similarly connected to the other pole, a comparatively powerful electric current is developed by rubbing the selenium against the platinum plate, u is shown by the delleotion on the electrometer scale. Mere con tact between the selenium and the metal pro duces oo deviation from the xero; but the act ol rubbing readily givetan electromotive force equal to that of a sulphate of oopper call. As if to take the effect still further out of the cate gory of those already recognized, M. Blondlot hu verified the facte that neither the rubbing of two metals against each other, nor an isolat ing substance against a metal, nor two isolating subatanoes, can produce a change in the capillary electrometer. The current flows through the electrometer from the unrubbed to the rubbed surface of the selenium. Now a thermo-eleotrio ourrent set up by heating a selenium-platinum junction would, u M. Blondlot points out, flow through the electrometer from the hot selenium surface to the cold one, or in precisely the op posite direction; henoe, the novel effect oannot be due to heat developed by the friction. I.kakn to Hi.KKi'. The true art of sleeping is the power to shut one's self within one's self under any circumstances. The man who can thus take rest is refreshed and strengthened un der many circumstances which would keep other people weary aud wakeful. He is master of every situation u regards his own rest. Some men, by long habit, find themselves able to take sleep with the ume eaae that others would take a glass of wster. They can sleep either while perched on a high stool or rattling along in a railroad oar at 40 miles an hour. The economy ol wear and tear on the lives of such people u wonderful. The man who oannot sleep unleu he hu tint removed his clothes, put out the light and climbed into his bed is at a great disadvan tage, Urester yet is his disadvantage if he oan sleep in no bed but his own. There are some who are poaaossed with the notion that their own bed ia the only one in which they oan slum- uer. t ncu people are utterly wretched when traveling, or obliged to absent themielve fiom home oo buainess. But he who hu himself to slevp.oan enjoy that boon at any time or place, and is made better and happier 111 VU J, Nw Patesth.-Dewey ft Co.' BriMTino rx I atent Agenoy has rcoeived official notice of the issue of the followiog patents to I'aoiflo oout inventors, for the week ending January 18, 1S81: 250.708. wink ntih.t V II o n . 2.10.73O, or separator, E. W. Stephens, & F ,ui, inm enuar pail, J. I. moll, Sacra mento, tat SM.stS. ooraet futeoing, Isidor AT f?-1 Cr,,E Ul-' a3u.8u- g'" (land- a. o. an r.ps, aiammoth Ulty, taL January 23, 8M.-23o,3, oar brake, E. ft J. K Daws. IW Bluir. Cat, 237.011, glove, 0. UuilUrd. H. K. 237,015. bule stopper, Hgele Haa Joee, Cal. 2:t,8tW, music chart, Minna Knann. H I? .!? n'li ? - - in .. "i rruiaior, 4. XUrrjlt , A. Ford 8. K.i 237.038. ironing boa.d.M. Miles, udroy. Cel. 230 907. plow" U Mowrey, ritocklon, Cai 230.934, aarrinr "Uaa. Rii I .k.ll t . . w a now wnose T . t - ' . , sir i i now are my ahowl ery liU of you to oall 'm ferry T . Ji1,dB,, y '""y bo'. Mrc,y.0 nS asderstood me-'fairy boot.' I aaid, my dear BOYS AND CIGAKETTE3. Physicians and moralist alike are pained br the spectacle.growing mora common every day,of palc-laced lads.rangirjRin age from IB to 20ycar, who are puffing their little live away in ciga rette smoking. Day anil night they throng tha streets, where the peculiarly offensive odor gen erated by cigarettes made ot cheap paper and bad tobacco renders their smoking u obnoxiou to others u it is hurtful to themselves. Every evening before the door of the theaters, they raise a oloud ot loul smoKe tnai is equally inju rious to their own riokety constitutions and to the nose of their victims. Doubtless, also, they carry their pernioious habit into their home when they are old enough to do so without risk of the spanking they deserve thus still further doing harm to themselves and mak ing other people uncomfortable. The cheap cigarette is a modern invention. and a peculiarly vioious one. Twenty year ago, when the oigarette all oame from Cuba and were wrapped in rice paper, smoking tbein did no great harm. Moreover, being made of Hon- radez, or some brand of equally strong tobacco, only a boy of stout stomach could smoke mora than two or three of them at a time. But to meet the boyish demand oigarette are sold now adays both aheap and weak. They are made of mild, often bad tobacco, and lor the most part they are wrapped in ordinary white paper. Hice paper wrappings necessarily inoreue the cost, and the boy who wishes to prove by tha ordeal of smoke that he is not a boy but a man, much prefer the article that he oan get tha most of for hi money. Moreover, the boy doe not know the difference apparent t the light between rice paper and ordinary paper, any more than he know that while rice paper burn away with scarcely any smoke at all, common paH r burns with a foul smoke that out like a saw into tha chest and throat. So he spends hia money on cheap cigarettes and makes every body around him uncomfortable while be smokes himself away into an untimely grave. Of course, the boys do not intend to (in agaimt themselves and their neighbors. They do not realize what a bad smell their nuty lit tle oigarette make, and they are very far from knowing what urious injury the smoke from them inlliot upon their throats and bronohial tubes and lungs. They smoke in innooenoy, not knowing what they do, but most earnwtly believing that their smoking makes men of them. Dowu in the depth of their heart tha most of them have no sincere affection for smok ing ) and in the depth of their stomachs, they not nnfrtquently entertain a feeling of positive aversion toward it. But they hang on to their pestilent habit with a persistency that, in a bet ter oauae, would be worthy of all praise, stifling the dictate of conscience and aswrting a bad mwtery over the rebellion of tha flwh. And, if reasoned with, they answer in the word of dear John Leech' bad boy, " But what is a fel low to do, when all tha men of hi own ago smoke ? " The Cham Coal Mini Firi. Adviow from Victoria are to the effect that the fir in .the Chase mine hu burned through the roof of tha No. 2 chamber, and is burning at a (earful rat in the slate stratum above. Owing to tha in tense heat and dense smoke it is impossible to asoertain the extent of tha Bre, or tha direction in which it is traveling. Tha lire engine, bow aver, I kept constantly at work day and night, but owing to the pcouliar position of tha lira tha streams oan only be sent up among tha flamw at interval. Soma iodine to tha opinion that . tha lire hu (truck a "pocket of coal" other that lb Mams have split and tha fir ia now in another seam of ooaL It is almost impowibl to state the exact nature of the lire, (or nearly every person working in the mine hu a differ ant opinion from his fellow-workman. On thing is oertaini the firs is raging and, beyond oauaing a heavy daily expenditure of funds, is ailn Peat anxiety to tha officers of tha oompeny and to oitiatas generally.