November, 1880.
THE WEST SHORE.
295
NEW INVENTIONS.
We publish description! ot the following new
invention!, obtained through Dewey & Co.,
Mining and Se'untifie Preti Patent Agenoy, San
Franoiioo:
Breaking Cart. De Witt C. Putnam, Tot
aluma, CaL Patented Sept. 14, 18S0. No.
232,207. Thii invention relatei to oortain ira.
provementi in that olau of vehicles known m
"breaking carts," in which young colt are
broken to harness. Carta of this description are
usually provided with very long shafts, and tho
eat ii placed on springs immediately over the
axle, or at such a diitauce back that the drivor
ii not in danger of being kicked by a fractions
animal. In thii olasa of vehicle! the foot-board
ia usually secured to the axle while the seat ii
on springs, and it is therefore uncomfortable to
ride upon, since while the body of the ocoupant
may move up and down his feet mint remain
tationary. The improvement! consist in so at
taching the foot-board to the vehicle that it
shall move in unison with the Boat, the same
pring which supports the seat sorving ai a
spring for the foot-board. -
Elkctrioal Rkcormno Tarhkt. Richard
II. Savage, Empiro Foundry,' San Francisoo
Patented Sept 21, 1880. No. 232,417. This
invention relates to a lolf-reoording target and
indicator for small-arm praotioe, which ia also
useful for testing guns, oartridgee and powder
for penetration, as well aa acouracy of aim, as
well as to record time of flight of projectiles. It
consists of a target which is subdivided into a
number of areas, each of which ii properly sup
ported and guided, and is free to move back
ward upon the impact of a shot and be returned
to its place by the action of elastio butlers,
springs or hinges, in combination with oertain
details of construction. It also consists in a
combination of wires, seotional target, a timing
device, and the weapon being tired, whereby
the velocity of the shot ia measured.
BnKKrlf loauino Firk-Arm. Charles Slot,
terbeck, Lakeport, CaL Patented October S,
1880. No. 233,034. This device relatoi to cer-
tain improvements in breech-loading gum of
that class in whioh the barrel Is hinged to the
fore end of the stock, so that when unlocked it
tilts in a vertical plane. It is especially adapted
to be uaed for a single-barreled, breech-loading
rills, in which great solidity of action is neoea
aary to preveut derangement in the accuracy of
its shooting. It oonsists in an improved con
struction of the fore-end joint, by which a
neater appearance ia made; a joint which is
strongor and less liable to booome loose with
use, and whioh supports the barrel, when open,
upon a solid surface of considerable length.
IIoiktino Maiiiim Draki. William R.
Eckart and Hans C. Bohr, S. F. Patented, Aug.
31, 188HX No, 331,708. This invention relatee
to oertain improvements in that claai of machin
ery which ia used for hoisting and lowering in
mines and other plaoea, but which ia more es
pecially adapted for heavy mining work) and it
oonaiata in a novel construction and operation of
the friction brakes, by which the speed of the
descending load ia regulated, checked or stopped
at will, said brakes being adapted to move on
parallel lines, so that all part of the faces of
the brake-shoes will be approached to or re
tracted from the drum at an equal rate of speed.
Harrow. Silas Harris, S. F. Fetentcd Sept.
28, 188a No. 232,041. The object of this in
vention i to provide aa improved means vf
securing teeth in harrows to that they will re
main fixed, bat may be readily removed when
desired. This ia attained by providing cam or
eooentrio which will jam the tooth in plaoeand
bold it there. When it ia desired to remove
the tooth the cam if turned and the tooth loosened.
DOMESTIC RECIPES.
To Tkst Milk for Watkr. A German
chemist furnishes a very simple procedure for
testing the amount of water in milk, whioh can
be applied by any one. All that ia required is a
small quantity of plaster of Paris, aay one ounce.
This is mixed with the milk to a stilt paste,
and then allowed to stand. With milk of 1,030
speoilio gravity, and a temperature of (10 F., it
will harden in 10 hours) if M of water ia
present, in two hours; if 60, in one and one
half hours, and with 7.1, in 30 minutes.
Skimmed milk whioh haa been standing for 24
hours, and ia of 1,033 speoilio gravity, sots in
four hours; with 00 of water, in one hour,
and with 75. in 30 minutes. Heat should
not be applied, as then the use of the thermom
eter would be required. This test ia oartaiuly
very simple, and not oostly.
Oranur Marmalade. Choose medium sisod
juioy oranges. Slice a dozen of thorn a thinly
as possiblo, and also three small, fair skinned
lemons. Don't try to take tho shoos dear
across the fruit) it ia hotter to have them iu
smaller pieces, and be careful to take out every
seed. Put the fruit into an earthern bnwl and
oovor it with oold water. Let stand 12 hours,
then boil together until the orange skins are
tender, after which add aa many pounds of
granulated sugar aa there woro of fruit at II rat.
Tloil until the rinds look dear, and the mixture
thickens when a little of it is ooolod. Put it
into small earthen or glass jars; when cool press
brandied paper close to the marmalade and
paste paper dipped in the white of an egg over
the top of the jar.
Canning: Tomato. Many good cooks have
given up canning tomatoes because they have
been unsuooessful in kooping them after having
had all the trouble of putting them up, 1 have
never known of a can being loot whoro the fol
lowing directions have bcon observed: Klioe
tho tomatoes and let thorn stand 15 minutes;
then drain olf all the luiuor that haa oollecteil:
boil them an hour and a half. A great deal of
souin will rite on them, which must be skimmed
off herein lies the secret of success. Heal in
ordinary glass oanaaud set iu a oool, dark room.
IliixAD and Fruit I'imiUNii. Take a deep
pudding-dish and butter it) oovor the bottom
and aides with thin slices of bread, white or
brown, thon a layer of pared and cat apples or
pears, or both, mixed with any other fruit you
fancy) thon sprinkle some sugar) then a layer
of bread in slices or bit: then fruit, and so on
until the dish la full. Lay thin slices of broad
over) till up with any fruit juice, or water, lack
ing this; cover with a plate and bake in a slow
oven 4 hours. 1 lot or oold, it ia most delicious.
Any sauce would spoil it.
Pur-roahtm. Meat of any kind, chicken,
prairie-fowl or pigeons may be pot-roasted. Mhoe
an onion and a few slioea of pork, and put Into
the bottom of a kettle. Place on top what
ever meat ia to be cooked) add Just water
enough to stew it lie careful not to uie too
much water) it oao be easily added if it eooka
away, but it spoils the dish to be obliged to
take out any. Keep turning the meat and let
it atow or roast slowly till brown or tender,
then take out the meat strain and thicken the
gravy, pour over the meat and aerv hot.
Ciiaar Caraukl rim Child. One
capful of water, 1 of augar, ( ouplul of grated
chocolate, and a piece of batter the six of a wal
nut; boil the water, sugar and butter to a syrup,
and add the chocolate when nearly done; stir to
prevent lumping) spread on greased paper, and
out into squama. 2. On cupful of milk 2 cun
fula of sugar, 2 cupful of New Orlean mo
lass, 1 oupful of chocolate) boil till it candle,
be careful not to barn) pour on greased tin, and
mark in square.
Canbaiii in It Own Jun ta. Cut One aa
much clean nioa oabhaga aa will All a spider.
Plaoe it in this utensil, oover with plate, and
let it oook till done ia the atoam from its own
juioee.
WAYS TO USE UP 8TAI.K BREAD.
Clara Francis gives the Prairi Farmer an
ossay on thii subjoot from whioh we take the
following reoipesi
Brewi. Butter the bottom of ymtr sauce
pan and put some fresh milk In It The butter
will prevent the milk from sticking. Bring to
a boll, and season with salt and a generous
fiieoo of butter. Have the bread broken Into
ittle bit, and aa anon aa the butter molta stir
them in until all the milk ia alieorlied. Serve
immediately, aa longer oooking will make it
sticky.
Bread Fritters. Slioe ths bread and out off
the orust making the slice of uniform shape.
Soak these in a ouatard mad of a cup of milk,
one egg, and a little sugar and flavoring. Re
move them before they got io soft aa to break.
Dip each piece in rolled bread orumba, then in
beaten K, and then In bread crumb again.
Fry in boiling lard to a guidon brown and serve
with lemon sauoa mad thus: ('ream together a
oup of augar aud half a oup of butteri atir in a
well-beaten egg, half the grated peel and tha
juice of one lemon and a little grated nutmeg,
lloat liar J, then atir in gently and gradually
half a tea cup of water. Do not beat Set in
a bnwl on top of the boiling tea-kettle, until it
thickens, Htir occasionally aud don't let it
boil.
Custard Bread Pudding. Makoaouatard with
a piut of milk, 3 eggs, some augar and flavor
ing. Put it into a neat pudding dish, and fit
thin slices of buttered bread over the ouatard,
IWt lap the slioca over each other. (Irate a
little nutmeg over the top, and liake in a mod
erate oven until the ouatard ia done, but not
until it turn to whey. Harv warm.
lNrl,lN(:l Of I.KIIIT, Col'MR AND MllLD 0
Foiiknt Growth. M. (lurnaud haa conducted
a aeries of olisurvatioua, during tha past 10
years, upon the aolnl oonumt 01 annual growtn
In a forest among tha Jura mountains. He
finds that: I. I.lgnt, when It strike the ground
without having Iwen sifted by foliage, stimu
lates the production of carbonic acid in the de
compositions which are engendered by tha
humus, together with a decomposition of tha
same gaa by the chlorophyll. 2. Tha growth
of wood diminishes when the underbrush in
tercept, to any great extent, and tha aooeaa of
light to the soil and diminish ita reflex ac
tion on tha branches of the tree. 3, Till
interruption ot reflex action I due mainly to
the spread of tli underbrush, fur when It la
kept trimmed the vertical shoots which are re
tamed interpoe no obstacle. 4. Tha mold,
under too great a thickneas, lose a part of It
virtue, and, like barnyard manure which ia too
deeply buried, remain hurt for many year.
ComV Hfiulu:
Takinii an iNViNTniir. Occasional retlr.
msnt self-inquiry, meditation and secret com
munion with Owl, are absolutely aonUal to
spiritual health. The man who neglects them
is In great danger of a fall. To be always
fireaching, teaching, sieaking and working pub
io works, ia unquestionably a sign of loal not
aeoordiug to knowledge, II often lead to ua
toward ooneequonooa, W mast take time for
sitting down, and calinly looking within and
laminiug how matter aland between our aoula
and Christ Tha omisaloo of thla practlo it
the true account of many a backsliding, which
shocks tha church and give oonaaioo to tha
world to blaspheme. Many oould aay, In tha
wont of the Cantiolee, "They mad ma a
keeper of tha vineyard, bnt my owa vineyard
bav I not kept "-fee. J. O. UyU.
Injurious to Til KrM, Medina! Invsellga.
lion ha ahown that som of the occupation for
children at kindergarten aohoola are calculated
to Injure tha ayeoight Among the are tba
pricking hole over a tracing oa paper, braiding
bright eo lured band of paper, or tawing to
siljt upon tracing,