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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 1, 1880)
a66 THE WEST SHORE. October, 1880. THE MOON'S FOItCE. After getting somewhat aocuatomed to the greatness uid strength of a bar of solid stool ft Ure, imagine one which ii on mils fiuara, 5,280 ft. wliU and m many thick. If it ley on th ground iw tin Catskill mountain!, ita upper lurfao would overtop their hiifhont summit liy mora than 1,000 ft. It would 1 UaI to 102, 400 luch monster ban aa the last lU lifting power would I marly 2JO,MM,000, 000 ton. Th mind la utterly unable to grasp such figure. The whole glob oouUiua 1,200,- 000,000 Inhabitant. If each man, woman and child could pull with a force of 100 tii. -a Urge estimate- to move auoh a woight would reouir the united effort of the inbabitanU of 2,000 auch world aa this. Aa I ahall have frequent occasion to iak of in ioaa wnicn euon a bar ooulil auatain, I ahall, for eonvenienna, oall it in round numbera 210,' 0(10.000.000 ton, neuleotinii the other iiimree. beoanae the number ia ao inconceivably great that taking from it a billion or ao of tone will altar the result Ioaa than one-half of I ,;. Thia bar ia to be the unit of measure, which I ahall for the present emiilov. and with ita httln I ahall attempt to give aome idea of the inlluence of the aun in holding the ayetem toother, and of the attraction exerted by the planeU iinn oar earth, and by the earth upon the moon: and, lastly, by the flaed alara upon the aim and upon each other. We begin with the moon hecaiieo it ia nearest to na, and, with the eioeptinn of the aun, ia to ua uie moei lmrUnt ol all the heavenly bndie. If a half doMii persona Were asked how large the moon pierB, they would give aa many different replire: 'The aiae of a cait wheel;'' Twelve Inoho aomaai" "The ala of a dining plaUf "Aa big aa a man 'a head" eto. I'mbably no one would mention a amallir measure, yet a sherry held at arm 'a length much more than novere lie disk. It ia dillioult to brlieve that ao mail a body eterle any coueideraldo intluenoa o Uie earth which enema ao Immensely lamer. It U sasy to admit that the earth holds the moon In tie oruiti but that to do this, to bend laa oouree Into a nearly circular orbit, requires any great outlay of Inrue, ia nut an clear. Our credulity would be laied wrre we askeil to believe that the moon in ita effort to move in a elmighl line would break away, although held by a bar of ateel one It enuare, tor that meant force able to lilt nearly V,WM ton. An astronomer would grant It, making flrat a men tal oalrulalinn to eee if he waa justified in doing eo bat even he would heeiUU, and perham would deny that it waa imaaihle the moon could pall asunder one of those great unit hare one mile square, hJ ,Blj man t),. "-.(MI.OOO bare each one ft. square. Hut he would hare no hesitation ia aaying " Impoeaihle I " if told thai, rather than ohange ita oouree from airtight line to Its present enrre, oar willful little satellite would anap like park thread not one, nor two, nor three of tbnse unit ban, but the united ttreaath of 10.. ttO-or, in other words, one gipanho bar w hoae Mrtioa la Its) miles square. Vet more tliaa eight each ban, or more precisely, 07,000 unit hare, would bet barely d, fleet the moon into a piusiat paui , ewmum mm til, wm. mbo to "" eme My m awarsil) le s Me r u, eel Umi lis nk. U lr pwm uee-e n HI to lis art u, Ik bmbbi najiurae to U Iml Uto -VyeW Snmct MomlKlp. Ax Aiut Tii Uta.-IV, tWo, of Taria. kai UvoataJ a leas of variable fooaa, ia whioh Mr pressure of toaawareat llould Is mads to altar taa earratar of the flat Urea of a eylia dnoal oall of few oleaed wiU thia glen dun; Ua pceeenre aaa bo twnUted by a maaoeaetar ts any required degree within tat kauu of wotkuig. Film ami Kiuno. The following informa- tion may be found useful to some of our rutuuia. A new tile ahould alwaya be uaed with light preaauroon the work until the needle-like poiuta of the teeth are worn away; after thia a much heavier preaaure may be uaed with much lcm danger of breaking off the teeth at their bane. Many new lile are violently diminished of half their ellicicncy by a few caruloa atrokci when llrat applied to the work. Do not uae a lile on the chilled and gritty akin of castings, or on a weld where Ixirax or any vitreoua lluxea have lieen employed no lilo can endure auch uaage. Kvory tiler ahould keep a worn lilo with which flrat to attack the. ranch, iiritty, or oxidized aur- face of iron work, and thereby pave the way for more efliciont work with hia sharp filea. A piece of gritty or chilled casting that would rapidly destroy the cutting ipialiticaof a new lile would produce acarcely any damaging effect to a worn one. In tiling ateel, better reaulta can trenerally be obtained by uting Idea of a grade not coarser man -n cm; liner graoua neing employed ac- cording to the liniah ami delicacy of tho work under manipulation. L'acra of lilea ahould al waya aeek to diaoover the fltnesa or adaptability of cut and form of filea apecially auitcd to their work. .'O one ahould expect the beat remits Iroin a lile on liraaa or aeltcr which waa in tended for uae on iron anil ateel, Care ahould be takeu when purchaaing lilea to aee that the manufac'urer furnishea full weight articlea. Thia ia alwava a ilcaideraliun, and oupeciallv in case re cutting ia deaired, A full weight lile can be re-cut two or three times, while a light weight will hardly lioar one re cut and give aauiiacuon. LUIIII.ITY MII'InJUKIKH Til Kam.uav Ku I-miykkn. In connection with the diacuaaion in Kngland of tho Kinplnycra' Liability Hill, the advocate of that measure have iaaued a paper describing the lawa in force in France and (ier- many, It state that in (icrmany an Imperial law. nasaiMl .lima 7 1ST I .n,l .t....,l...l m-. to Alsace-Iorraine, contains a nroviaion "that pw kiiii ur iiur in mo working of a railway, the linmrintnr ii til,iA f... - j . , , - ..nu.w ,,,, titu ,. Jury intlicteil, ao far aa he cannot prove that tMl illilivw waa t..lltnl.l I... . L: .1 . ..... ........ - n. ujr mpier iMiwer ( hv the fault of the nenum lull.., I ... ...; i A aunilar ayatem exuta in regard to miiiea mwuiKiuin, ami n ia aant to he common in portinna of (iennany for employers to club together to form accident inaurance aietiea for "w fu.- i,i uuunoK me uvea oi their work men. In France a oi.nf.ral Lw i; 1.1-1- Idnvera, which also gnverna the operationa of railway cornanice, oontaine a provi.jon that 'A person ia reaMinaihle not only for the injury oaueed by hia own act, but alao fur that which ia caused by the act of persona for whom ha ia bound to answer, or by things which he has un der hia cam" Tlia t'n.n.1. .1 l , i i i i iuaj companies have iwtahliahed provident inttitutmna lor the lieneht of their employer; but it ia aUted that even thia precaution haa not prevented frequent litigation in case, where men have iJn in Jure.1 while engaged in the performance of their - .......,.-" ntiiitriiy n oriif. A Oiaar lltmio, .T.k. . pi, 0f M,n ill matting Irora two or Uiroe yarda long and i yard and a hall wide, bind or hem the end, firmly, then fasten each and to a piec of tim tiff. Thma tliaa- ftkraxM ... k i . . . - note nored . ik.u ..a. i t V P. ' wm irom mat ting to hide, back an.f forth, reallv s.in .1.. U.ng to the wood. Kor h.nd of th. ITki k t-J 77 """r boreil, throuch Mca p. to hang th. hammock between and a asmmlr lu ' ". ere-I. IK.- ? huUr ,ro toot ISTTJSa " l"?!',0' ,4'e and TENDER MEMORIES. The following lines will touch a aympathetio chord in many hearts: "I taw my wife pull out the bottom drawer of the old bureau this even ing, and I went softly out and wandered up and down until I knew the had shut it and gone to her tewing. Y e have some things laid away in that drawer which the gold of kings could not buy, and yet they are relics which grieve us un til both our hearts are sore. I haven't dared to look at them for a year; but I remember each article. There are two worn shoes, a little chip hat with part ot tne brim gone, some stockings, pants, a coat, two or three apoolq, bits of brokca crockery, a whip and several toys. Wife, poor thing, goes to that drawer every day of her life, and prays over it, and lets her tears fall upon the precious articles, but I dare not go. sometimes we speak 01 nine jack, out not otten. It has been a long time, but somehow we can't get ovor grieving. Sometimes, when we sit alone of an evening, I writing and she sewing, a child in the street will call out aa our boy used to, ana we win Dotn start up, with beat ing hearts and a wild hope, only to find the darkness more of a burden than ever. It is still and quiet now. I look up to the window where his blue eyes used to sparkle at my coming, but he is not thoro. I liston for his pattering feet, his merry shout, and his ringing laugh, but there is no sound. There is no one to search my pocketa and tease me for presents, and I never una the chairs turned over, the broom down, or ropes tied to the door-knobs. I waut some one to tcoao me for my knife, to ride on mv shnul. dcr; to lose my axe; to follow me to the gate w hen I go, and be there to meet me when I come; to call "good night" from the little bed now empty. And wife ahe misses him still mnro. Here aro no little feet to wash, no prayers to say, no voice teaaing for lumps of sugar, or sobbing with the pain of a hurt toe, and she would give her own life, almost, to awake at midnight and look across to the orib and see our boy there aa he uaed to be. So we preserve our relics, and when we are doad we hope that atrangora will handle them tendorly, even if they shed no tears over them. Itochtettr Union and Atlrrrtitrr. STKAM DUKWUNU FOR OYHTkHH. ften. M. (iravea, of Oyster Toint, New Haven, haa now in procoaa of coiiBtruotion an oytter boat de. aignod for tteam dredging. She is 71 ft long, u it. beam and (1 ft. deep, her engine 30-horae tlnWer and her iin imin.ll.. rni 1 i p.t.pvuci nil lUVIlCS. A11B boiler ia on board and the work is beine pushed rai.MI.. :i.l mi 0 r . . .-i..,j pomiuie. more is an over deck from 7 to 9 ft high made water tight. In the sides of this over deck, in a line with the main .iiy, are oponings, u by S ft, which when drcdinntr ntien inwnr.llt, ....I ... I I..J A. 11.- - 0 I -. ... UU mo UlHJKni W 6110 ociling. Ihrough these openings the dredging 1 ,1 , aving tne weary "baok breaking that attenda dredging in the ordinary sailboat Forward is the forecastle in which are bertha nr lmLa fr. tu. -1.! ,i over this ia tho pilot houae, and back of this ... v.,,t.u e .in. 1 ne cxpenae of running thia steam ia lor fuel not over 81 per day, 6 men at 9 1 fl to f 20 per month for each. She will dredge each lift 12 or 15 bushel., while the sailing boat at each lilt will not get more than a bnahel or two at once and during the day will be doing extremely well tf ah. g.3ler, 40 07r N bn.heU.- oi II orif. Makj Wr Own Raromkter, A sheet of par, d.p,ved In chloride of cobalt, when the weather u to be dry and pleasant will become iZ.! . w;ttn" Pproaches it will be- The Uromet flower of Franc, are tlma manufactured. ell0? ?milk rouU"' N ;uty" nxt hw ith unfailing