THE WEST SHORE.
January, 1880
WHY DO WCUJ AVft UPMMM OWR
Kl.ow ?
I have UllM lOOU inlcrckl In the
Iheratun of this subject lately, and 10
far have nut found anything which
agrees vrtth my Uaai on tha iruc cause'
I ilir phenomenon in question. I ha
hydtoitatk them will account for
mini i ilir ericslan well) because
that rr nearly always in (Ik- vicinity
dI alavatad land, Mm the theory fails
nt 1 1-r I In .mount fni springs situated
nl tha vn Minimi! of hllU, 01 water
sheds, Claai Lake it almoil al the
summit ii tha ( as. ada mountains, w ith
mi poaaibiliti of .1 higher feeder, and
m i ii hat quite a itream Rowing from
ii. Keneaaw mountain, in Georgia,
lint a heautiful laki Iti lummit And
t tic lummll nl the Vandalla railroad
aboande in springs. Tha men fact "f
theae bodies of water exiiting in these
high localities dues away with the by
derstatli theory f Subterranean gaaaea
have beet) supposed to cauac the flow
nl ArtWan weili and high ipringt,
l flervetcence would of couraa charac
mHm all mch spriaga, Internal heal
undoubtedly caueee the gey Kit, boiling
springe, ate. Ii letmi like a vary
ridenl propoaii thai .ill such springs
how an elevated temperature. Then,
imw acoounl fbi those which are cold,
ami don without giving off gaaaea I
Suppose that, in llluatration, m take 1
child'l luhhri hall, with .1 small "air
imlr" in hi till tins with water, and n
will rapraaeni the mnh, m 1 confined
1rwH.n1 .it water, Bring 1 little pne-
mrr In Ix at mi any part of the bull,
and yoa ha- n aitrsian well. Add
a iiiIk- iii thj aperture, and the watei
will flaat Iron 11 freely. The Mow of
iiink. an mountain tops can have M
otbaa explanation than simply the
anight of the luperincumbenl itrata
ecrag mi baaiaji ot reservoirs of con.
iiliahh- llaO, ami BXparieflCC hu de-
iKMuiiatnl that onlj s,h an capabli
"f Ntpplywf n nmtinuoui flow. Toe
abjection, which will be urgad against
theory, la thai r must concede tha
settling f thcMiifa... Thialanomon
thn what i actuall; taking place ,
Mahoniaf, Pa, at Virginia City, ami
many oihn places, hcic latgc area,
have been , t,.. ,, vcirv
PorUoM of na coast ink ng fn yean,
OWN poftioaja liecoatiittg alavatad. All
tiieM- ni.Mii.iams al iiw PaoMa Stoya
wen once level land, and unknown
agei aftei thi upheaval the slimy deni
nis of the sea wen- sporting fathoms
deep when the Willamette valley lies
with its fields ami fonata outspread to
day. Then i no impossibility about
the matter " ;i change of elevation ; it
is something which is taking place all
the time, and it nukes little difference
Whether We reason by exclusion, or
directly, it is the only cause which can
jx.s-.itJv account for the phenomena
u In. h wc have been discussing.
OREGON AND ITS PROSPECTS.
A few words regarding the induce
ments held oul by the State of Ongon
to people In genenl who are in search
of homes.
First, as to climate. In Western Or.'
rgon, which comprehends the valleys
of ihe Willamette, Umpqua and Rogue
rivers, il mild and equable, at maybe
seen by reference tO the observations
made al the United States Signal Ser
vice office, which, In spring, is put down
at si", in summer '17", in autumn 2",
and In winter, jgo, Fahrenheit. The
thermometer seldom rises above 90" in
Summer, and rarely falls below o" in
w mill, so thai out-door labor maybe
performed at all seasons of the year.
11 maj with propriety be said that in
Oregon there are bul two seasons, the
wet and the dry. The rainy season
usually begins aboul the middle of No
vember, and lasts until early in May,
with intermissions of fine weather for
daya, even foi wicks. These rains, al
though disagreeable, are ,i blessing,since
they iiisiuc abundant crops ami plenti
ful natunl pasturage. Such thin-; a--mi
entire failure of imps in Ongon
has nevet been bend of. According
to the records kept by the United
States Signal Service "Mice for a num
bei of years, the nvenge year in On
ran b composed of two hundred ami
ininj -mree rainless, n hundred ami
twenty-two rainy, and ten snowy days.
In Middle ami Eastern Ongon then
is less rain in winter, bul it is much
collier, ami in lummci il is in cr.
As health is, or should be, the first
consideration w ith all people seeking a
new country to locate in, we will state
upon the anthoritj of the State Hoard
of Immigntion, thai the climate of
1 stern Ongon is unuaually conducive
to health, the .111 hem- mvnliarK pure
andmtld.yetbncing. TheCoaatRange
allot, Is protection from the ocean gales,
while the Cascade mountains keep out
co . I winds and sow storms from the
north and east t it putf ,.vu.llt Tlu.
"ml iromaharp winds and violent
changes of temperature, thus secured,
renders the inhabitants fat less liable to
''.oat and hiag troubles, rheumatism
..n.i inflammatory diaeaaes generally.
Western Oregon is not entirely exempt
l," ey an of a mild -,
type, and yield readily to treatment. A
resident physician for twenty years
says: "For our exemption from mala
rial disorders we are indebted to our
northern latitude, to the daily sea breeze,
to our cool, bracing nights, and to the
medium temperature of our warmest
days."
The soil of Oregon, for fertility, is
unsurpassed by any State in the Union.
At the Centennial. Exhibition in Phila
delphia the State was distinguished by
more awards for the excellence and va
riety of its products than comparatively
any other State. Whatever seed is put
into the ground and cultivated is sure
to return a rich reward. There never
yet have been any failures. This is a
inost important consideration no
drouths, no blighting winds, no grass
hoppers, no anything else to destroy the
fruits of the husbandman's industry.
Good lands can be cheaply acquired,
and held under simple and secure titles.
Unlike in our sister State of California,
the lands are not monopolized by a few
owners, with no Mexican or Spanish
grants to render titles insecure. Lands
can be had of the Oregon and Califor
nia Railroad Company, at low prices,
and on favorable terms, and an abund
ance of government land can be had
under the homestead law.
For timber and water Oregon is un
surpassed, and challenges comparison,
liesides her navigable rivers, so well
know n, beautiful streams of clear, cold
w ater traverse the State in every direc
tion. Springs also are to be found in
great numbers. Immense forests of
hard and soft limber are to be found in
every part of the State, which supplies
the markets of California, South Amer
ica, Australia, Japan and China with
lumber. In the valleys are to be found
different varieties of ash, oak, maple,
balm and alder, as well as fir, cedar,
spruce, pine and yew. In the foot-hills
scattering oaks and firs, with a thick
second growth, are found. The mount
ains are mostly covered with tall fir,
pine, spruce, hemlock, cedar, larch, and
laurel. Two kinds of cedar, three of
In and three of pine are indigenous to
Iregon. Trees here attain to an enor
mous height and great straightness, firs
measuring from one to two hundred and
fifty feet.
In minerals Oregon is extremely
rich, but for the want of capita) impcr
fectly developed. Gold, silver, iron,
copper, coal and many other minerals
exist ,11 great abundance. Iron ore is
plentiful, and from tests has proved of
superior quality.
For Ihe raising ofliva stock 110 coun
try can excel Oregon. The natural
-1 asses arc ol a fine quality, and retain
their fatten ng qualities until late in the'
season The wild pea also gnm
great abundance, In southeastern Oft -gon
there are xxuxto acres of naftf'
' I pasturage.
One very important advantage Ore-