March, 1879. Willamette valley he will find .1 fcv. prairie sections from two to twenty miles square, like those of the Mis souri valley, but the soil is of a lighter color resting on clay, und is less invit ing to the eyes than the black loam of the Western prairies. His ideal of huge farms or open lands into which lie can put the plough and run furrows one or two miles long the first year and gather the harvests, is not met. Even the treeless plains of-Eastern Oregon and Washington are much broken up by present or former water courses. The outlook is rough. Work, patience, time, energy, and the outlay of cash, are needed to make farms here, as well as in the Middle and Eastern States. These plain facts destroy the poetic ideas of the new immigrant, lie, also, becomes dissatisfied with the mild rains of winter and dry air of summer. The woods and mountains seem too dark and rugged, and the rivers and bays too densely fringed with forests for him to penetrate, and too deep amid the canyons for him to enjoy their isolation. In a word, the I'acilic Northwest is not the interior northwest of his imagination. It is not the paradise of which he is in search. It is a country for hard work, economy, courage and enterprise, every day and every month in the year. It is a country in which the farmer must use his pencil and keep his account book, of the cost of every acre and its income; the gain or loss on every ani mal; the expense of raising of every ton of his harvests, whether hay, oats, barley, wheat, corn, vegetables, or Iruits, and the expense per mile of transporting them to the markets of the world. If the immigrant Is not prepared to study these questions, or ft. "ot willing to make these close calcu lations of profit and loss, item by item, be mistakes the resources and advanta ges of Oregon. HIS SKCOXD MfSl AKK Is an adverse opinion formed on a wrong standard of judgment. It is a fact that the exports of flour, wheat, and other cereals, from the Columbia river increased annually per tent, for ten years from 1869. It is fact, that the value of the average annual production ol tho State per person, is $80 .rcckouii.g the population at 1 ;o, oou and the value of all the products at $12,000,000. Counting the number THE WEST SHORE. of voters at 30,000, the average is $ oo per man. It is a fact, that the products of Ore gon and Washington can be annually transported to the markets of Europe from our seaports several dollars cheaper per ton than the products of the Mississippi valley can be trans ported from the lake or river ports of that interior. It is a fact, that the cost of carriage to our seaports is less than the cost of carriage to their lake and river ports. It is a fact, that the farmer in wes tern Iowa and Nebraska can not afford to raise corn or wheat for distant mar kets, while it is a fact that the wheat and Hour from Oregon and Washing ton are sent to Europe, Asia and Aus tralia, in annually increasing tleets of ships, It is a fuct, that the farmers of the interior west can and do uH'ord to sell out their estates and buy improved farms in Oregon and Washington at an advance upon current rates, and that the limit of profit upon these yearly exchanges has not yet been reached. It is a fact, that our soil and I climate have not failed of a fair har vest of the cereals, vegetables, or fruits, for thirty-one years, us the writer can testify from his own olmervatiou. The farmer can take bis homestead, or buy his land in the interior east of the Cas cade mountains, and transput his grain on the Columbia at $6 per Ion to the ship, or $8 per ton from I.cwiston, Idaho, pi miles, handling it six or eight times, which is at the rate of 18 to 25 cents 1 ii' 1 bushel, and do his own carting to the river at the rate of 3 to 21 cents per bushel, according to the distance from the landing, and receive a dollar jcr bushel on a yearly average at the ship. Eastern Oregon and Washington lands will, if properly tilled, give a ton of wheat cr acre. Or, the farmer can choose the wood lands of the Willamette, lower Col umbia, Cowlitz, or Chehalis, or 1'uget Sound basin, near tide water ami ship navigation, aud clear, fence, plough and sow these lands at an average of $25 to $100 per acre. For example, If it cost 18 cents per bushel, or $r to trans porr a ton of 33 bushels to the ship, this is equal to the interest on $00 per acre, and $8 per ton is equal to Dm in terest of $80 per acre. It is possible by rotating cropi and good cultivation to raie 50 bushel per acre of wheat. This has been done On the hill lands of Clackamas county. It is possible to raise in these valleys J5 10 350 bushels of potatoes per acre, which range from 25 cent to $1.10 per bushel at the ship. Fowls, eggs, but ter, cheese, fruits, and many other edi ble products of the garden and the farm, are easily raised and transported to market. The English, (icrman, Welch, Scottish, Swedish, French and Italian farmers and gardeners, soon make rich farms and comfortable homes in these valleys. They are eager ro get the title to these line forest-covered lull lands. A lew acres cleared, sup port the family, while the balance of tb timbet and wood land increases in value every year. With these facts wellknown to residents here, the ad verse opinion of the new comer and his hasty departure, will not only prow his mistake, but his loss, as it has prov ed the great sacrifice and loss of many others, who have come and staid a few mouths or years, and then returned to California or the Western States, and, finally, made their home on the I'acilli Northwest, tired and disgusted with their frequent removals clsewbeie. The wise thing fill the immigrant is to study all these fact! and figures before he starts, then if he decides to come, let him settle down to the haul work of making hi home here and be will succeed. 1 -,, I m DRKWf VAI.I.KV. This valley is pleasantly situated miles west Irom I.ukcvicw, Eakr ('., Oregon It is twelve milcsjjn length, with a varying width of one to three miles. It affords excellent pasturage for great numlmsof slock, both winter aud summer. About one-third of the valley consists of swamp land, very valuable for the hay which thry pro liii-, while the remainder is dry. I)icw' creek courses the length of the valley and affords an abundant sup ply of water for tock, winter aud sum mer. The settlements arc not exten sive, yet many flue homes can Ik found in Drew's valley. Stock-raising is the principal occupation of the coplc, and the glasses ol the valley aie purlieu larly adapted therefor. Farming ha not yet been attempted, thrrcfori BO positive expression as to il adaptability for Ibis purpose can be given. T)c valley abounds in all kinds of gaiito and the stream warm with the fiotst of trout. Magnificent forest aurrotald the valley, and a saw milt i bmlly needed, a improvement are sadly retarded on account of the expense of bringing lumltcr from a great distance.