The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891, March 01, 1878, Image 9

The west shore., March 01, 1878, Page 105, Image 9

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Newspaper Page TextTHE WEST SHORE. 105 March. ANALYSIS OF COLORED LEAVES. Prof. A. H. Church, of the Royal Agricult ural College at Cirencester, England, iu the course of some mvesti gallons concerning chloro phyll (the green coloring matter of plants) was led to look into the chemical composition of the different parts of variegated leaves, and the re sults he lias reached, and which are reviewed in the Journal of Chemistry, are exceedingly interesting. The experiment were made uii.ui three plautH, having green leaves variegated with white patches, or hearing both green and white Leaves: a maple Acer negomQft an ivj (Httlrrn helic), and a holly (r-r (nMtoium). The leaves were carefully gathered without the use of knife or scissors, and were put into weighed bottles so that no moisture OOUld bl lost on the way to the laboratory. Such leaves only were taken as could be fairly compared in age and state of growth. The water, the com bustible or volatile matter, and the ash were first determined; and the following are the tab ulated results: Unit, Holly. Ivy. SIMPLE ILLUSTRATION OF THE OF GRAVITY. A PLAN FOR A FLOWER GARDEN. Teachers can do much to impress scientific facts and laws upon the minds of their scholars by using simple illustrations. A hiut of this is given by Thomas HLovell, in Ofll'im'ttufltnfcml Monthly: Some years ago 1 heard an excllent teacher lecture on a subject pertaining to as- j tronomy, in which he made use of several ex- ! penmen t rirst. to illustrate mat a DOOJ Will l ---. fl,.-,.,,. always revolve on its center of gravity; second, IC Qladklui mid csnnas. IT. Ever to show why the earth is llattcned at the poles. rio(- . , v,:t.. w p,,iteinou and antm Imuim. m. J.alpiglossis. eiigou wim INSECT INVESTIGATION. In our issue of January .rth, our Washington correspondent gave an outline of the work which the lnited States Entomological t mission had done in the great western country by their study of the locust plague. Of course that outline contained but a hint of the infor mation which will K' made public in their de- la, ndtua, wlttttj mrfUn. .I i . r .... , ,,, p l.i. ins ami rtrnann r , Arrange the (lowers as follows, referring to the figures on plan: I. Crocus followed by paiisies. 8. Anemone followed by portulaoca. 8. Verbena (striped). StmoiAiUi NH ft. OoUHuti aud ItmMplm. ti. V erbena (bloe). - hml lan.wddtaalL S. Verbena (white). !. Lilies, native and foreign. 10. Hyacinths followed bv asters. 1 1 Bulla in variety, ah nuneulu, etc. 12. Carnations, IS. ('.im'.wiu These experiments could lie peformed by means of apparatus found in almost every schoolboy's pocket, namely, a piesc of string, a lead pencil or a snort suck, ami a piece oi i trass or Bieei chain not larger than a small watch chain. Tie to the nil utile oi a lead pencil a piece n string about three feet long. Suspend so that the pencil will balance itself. Now twist the end of the string between the thumb and the first linger ot the right haml, steadying MM twilling the string with the left hand. A circular mo- Water II U TITO Or. mat'r IMS 24 22 Ash 2-02 3.W The waterv character of the white leaves, and their comimrative tKiverty in combustible or so called "onranic" constituents, is very marked. The fresh green leaves of all three plant con tained about one-third more solid matter than the white leaves. The mineral matter or ash, when not absolutely more abundant in the white leaves, forms a larger part of their dry matter. Of the matters soluble in ether, including wa or fat, resin, chlorophyll, and several other organic compounds, fresh white ivy leaves con fnoul 1 00, the irreen triviUL' ii.iT .. Situ- ilarlv. white hollv haves contained L7fl2i and irrwiihollv '2. "4 L Even more remarkable differences in com position between white and green leaves were noticed on submitting the ashes of the several plants to iiuantitative analysis. It was observed that in the ash of all three plants there is the same kind of difference between the white and green parts. In the ash of the white parts potash alioundB, and in the ash of the green parts lime; while in the ash of the white parts there is invariably a higher proportion of phos phates than in that of the green. There is, however, no indication that the pretence of chlorophyll in the green parts involves a higher The experiments suggest an explanation of certain facts in the cultivation of variegated ,.l avhUh have hitherto been inexplicable; as, for instance, that in some calcareous soils many such plants quickly revert to thfir normal green state. Philosophy ok LlQHT Diokstion. -In a diet etic point of view, it would be well for weak stomachs to reinemler that wild birds are more nutritions than their domesticated cousins, and more digestible. Rut the white breast or wing of a chicken is lean heating than the liesn oi winged game. Other game, such as venison, which is dark colored, and contains a large hip tion of tibrin, produces highly stimulating chyle, and consequently the digestion is an cany and rapid affair for the stomach. Hut, though the winter meats may be detainoil longer in l ie stomach, furnish less stimulating chyle, and lie suffered to run iuto acetous fermentation, their lesser stimulating quality may recommend MM) when the general system is not in want of a spur Meats are wholesome, or otherwise, less with reference to themselves than to the n- sumer: "To assert a thing to ne woo,. sayB Van Swieten, "without a knowledge of UM condition of the person for whom it is intended, x x. :i.. .,.,. n in-inf the w ind to lie fair, IS UM it II I VI in . I 5 L ,!,.. ,,rt tint VCKHcl IK and it will revolve arouint the point on which it is suspended. Tie a piece of white string around the middle of the pencil, or its ccntei of gravity, Bimplv to show the position of that v tl i. rIhi f . half way lietween the end of the poncil aud the center of gravity, ami comniunicate the circu lar motion acscniieil anovc. ami we snan on serve that the pencil will still revolve around its iU Eoxglo-o. edged with whitlavia. "Jl. Uirys- anthemums and rinnias, 8ft Geranium, uiouuUin of snow. 28, Candytuft, phlox, and annuals for bouquets. 'J4. Anagalis. 88. Oo leus or perilla. at. Pansies. '27. Ulue loWdia. S. Petunias, single and double. 89, Succu lents, SO. Pelargoniums. 81. VerWiia (scar let). 8ft WWit daisies. 88. ltorum. M, Calla lilies and ealladiuins. 85, Hwarf nasturtiums. Ilti. Co1Qbnttu$t minor. auwulshiul. . t liuu'e pen uiii.u'. The edging should lie of dwarf pink on one cirele, and of Oxoiii MotXlbuwia on the other, unless a uniform edging of boi or tiles is preferred. without knowing to what port the bound. - vPornn. NkwCauhon Battbby.-M. JUoohoff, m ..... o...,l, melts nitrate of potash o nitrate of soda, in which he plunge.: ordinary .i th t.-tiveiilat.' the nlatinum M the intotiT pUte. boo, or my other metal which, u. Jiresenecof the carbon , s not .Hacked by the melted salt, may robetitatod for the p atinum. By ldiug different metallic salta, 1,, ..lectromotive force of the battery may W varied lietween two and three units; it is, tnen--;a h. f th,. lunseii and l.r.n. t !::Tr,Th.1lv.I1o-nlastic de,Kita of the : C r.wived at the ina- tive electr.Me. )ring the' action ..f the battery there is .great ;i :.:.., ..f ,.nrlNnic acid ami other gases. 11 Jahlochkoff descries an arrangement or col lectii.g them, M that the OOtnboiHOnOl the . ar KwnriTe simultaneously an eh-ctnc current, a metallic dtpodt, and a motive foree. SU SAOES.-To .V) pounds of meat, ready cut . i r... ,..,.lintf nut 4 ounces of Stod sH. six tablesj-ooufuis of MWd Tl ... ilmmt-h a sdtcr. W hen ei'" " frv and try it. U mure ee or Mpper .s eeeM add but T.R ! ..U 1 ' ift,r S.U is iiround. kn. a.1 it ver well; then make out mt.. cakes of Mutahb S fur the table, fry little brown and ,ck . ' , ' : 11 tin bp other vcssele, pouring tl.a. fne. ,. .,U Unl lo ever he whole, U H tht ir. KM, in a DO.), dry DUIMi " :.. Am t...,4 Btttaff close around th' lgC' ,, . .h.n. SM, m.k. very ni OMt to jiack in. tv Asnutuma "r Sana fJ K- Jw r- Atl.i,t." called U, the n ..I ,,hen..l lor thi. .nn.e. an;l lor Ita '';"" mall .Irop "I aniline mne.1 with S or c. c. o dWObinlaf i recomnieu. e.l: thu lU0 ! thee-enee, then KVerJ drop, ol hyi.M- "T. i T. an iu "'"a"'"' i.i- t....h u trauiitory: if preaent. lor wveral minuM.; one r ceni inaj or tectod. Wht make. Johnny ao Ml thia mom Big?" "Dot up.'orly." 1 Url-iw rou Arti'.KTAlNui UkviHi iionh oi I QEAWltOi To aacertoin the revolution, ol '...., i: ,i. Mult. i.lv the miniheroi ooin in I ' l X 1 VPS'. NVAttr-,. AX l.-J'S 4 A FLAN FOB A U.OWEU QARDKN SIZE 104 BY .1 correspondent reviews in .n interesting manner the great lield for entomological work which ties open and hitherto unexplored in the destruction which has beet) waged upon the cotton crop in the Southern States, Our correspondent is right in suggesting this as a future branch for the work of the commission. Wo havo now three of the leading entomologists of the coun try, l'rofa. Kdey, I'ackardand Thomas, at work iu'a line which bids fair 10 do our agricultural interests incalculable good. Wo should not let Una step aside until the same work is done for the other parts of the country as has beW done UieNt.4LuM.-t. U uu.Uw;. tl.ul t.iir tioverumeiit hashithetto done so little to aid the farmers of the country to a In-tter under standing of the nature of thu ota which are destroying their crops by the million's worth, and to' disseminate the best known methods for rewOling their grievous attacks. Wo haw ex eel lent work from State entomologist, iu the different Status; wo have also bad croditahlo -ahinet work by the stated eutomologiot of thu Agricultural 1'epartmunt Hut those have not, For obi ions reasons, been able to 0OM with thu I'vil a. it nreseiits itself iu extensivu regions. its itentrovuig phases in the Ileitis. I he Eutomologicd Commission, with its m-ogiiitiHl talent, its known MtH. nd its oultit for making beM .lualities useful, was . wimi 1 ougrvMionad rcahon. ninl it should not be Hrmitlod to lay Aide its I.Inits until thu end is reached. We lavo seen it statiil that thu CommiMioii uati nates that thuy can pursue and compute their nvrstigatioii, inchnliug the cotton Worm ami its uvolvtxl insects, for an exiM'mliture of x ' ' us 1h true let ( ougress set them M work to ilutu thu task without delay, (orthut amount t a small decimal of the money which will ivod to the farmers of thu South by letting i understand the we.k points of the enemy w Inch thee h.ve to dual. Every point of station which the guneru Government oan i thu surnculturist in conquering the insect Is which hazard and devastate Vim cultures, f greater valuu than onu unacquainted with farming nraclicu can imagine. The evil is i which oiilv has to lie let alone to secure it. valence, To Ih overcome it must Iki fought sily. scientifically .ml (HTsintuntly. Tlie xlen of furnishing the people w ith thu selotice evil and iU nine. Ins should be cheerfully Intehen by thu aeiwreJ (overnment, ami oh the work will Ih- pushed forward.- 'i- XiiraJ frr. Ui.VAr.ir.lMi luiiN. The iron to lie galvan. I is in i immerMil iu a bath of dibit-d sul. irlfl ai ul, then washed in water. Tim artl n an- lin n passed to . workman, who remove. t m-alo th.t may still n'lu.in on thu surface h a serainng tool proxided for the puriHise, fler li.Miig i ' 1 uis insiH-ctioii, thu imn is inno'ts. .! m a luith ol unite muriatic arm, rom which it Is shortly taken and removed irithoai washing) into . drying i-handier, on murging fron w hich it is ready for thu inu l.ul. The dipping priHusH oicuiiies ammt ID 18 seconds with sheet iru and with cast- iron objects Homcw hal longer. I lie rcki ami washing tulxi, drying oven and metal lath am 1 1 i with relation to each other as to make the sever.) manipulations as continuous possible without loss of time, the slight 'ii statu hi of chloride which remains Upon the i alter it c es from the drsiiig room, ftppeen not only not to interfere with thu nine ing but to favor thu operation. With every operation a trilling quantity ol iron lrom the Oojeoft immersed therein enters the zinc hath and in course of time forms what apiears to be an alloy of faw and iron, which slowly aeciimu Intcs in form of a siHingy mans at the bottflfl) of the pxit, from which it must from time to limn bl removed with a shovel or M00p provided for the purMise, while fresh zine must be added from tune to time. FEET. center of gravity, the point marked by the 1 while string DOUg at rest man wius imjbhnii that auythiiig, of whatever hie, will revolve on its shortest diameter. If the end links of the chain referred U ihofl bl booked together, Ittd the string tieil to . link ami the circular mo tion given, it will be olwerved that the chain begins to take an elliptical form, which grad- na K aniinnit hei. llial ol a nr. ie, iimui.m iv IsLvomea a cin le and then it revolves lionion tally. This .hows th.t even . ring is subject to the same law, that is, revolves on its shorter axis, the center of gravity. Sinpleoe this ex ieriiuent is, it illustrates the revolution of the earth on its shorter diameter. A ("iikai TtLiraoii.- Prof. Beirett, in . recent lecture on the telephone, gave a receipt for nuking a cheap one. Take a w.inlen tooth- (jowder box and make a bole .Istut the size of . balf-cniwn in the lid and the bottom Take a I isc of turned mm, so-h as . an i- hki irom a preserved meat tin, .nd pttoe it on the outside of the Imttoni of the box, and III the oover on the other tide ol it. I lien take . sinau oar magnet, pi. M one cud a small OOttM 01 silk reel, and round the reel wind snue iron wire, leaving the enda loose. Fu one end of the magnet near, as near as possible without touch inif. to the disc, and then one put of the tele phone is QOeaplete. A similar arraugeineht is il f..P th other end. The two are con nected by the wire. Mid with Ibis Prof, lUrrett says be has been able U converse at a distance ol about luu ytnis. A sxiSO heard by a bive: "lle it evei humble, there's no place like uouib." the driver by its nutnlier of revolutions .ml divide the product by the Dumber of cogs in the driven; the quotient will Is' the number ol rOTO lotions of the driven. To ascertain the nund-cr of cogs in the driver, the iitimlier of ita revolu tions ami the nuiulH-r of 000 and revolutions of the driven Iking known: Rule Multiply the ta..P ,,f e..,r. iii tlo- driven bv the number of iU revolutions and divide the product by the iuuiiIht ol revolutions ol the ilriver; me quo- tient will lie the iiunds r of cogs iu the ilriver. So, pM wnO, t" Bod the iiiiiiiIhT of cogs ui the driven, its required revolutions Is-uig given. 'I'.. SasskstsJfi t)i JlsfrtsW of l OkF SMI Hilt I Itul Multiply the numls-rof cogs by the number of il.utv i. s ..t an in. li iu tilt I'ltch. I.XSkin. pie A pilch o two inches has til thirty see Is ..f ki ssv th wlieel l 'M eoifs, 100 1 M gives 7li.HU (7h inches ami (WIW sn incni niches, thu exact lllsllTff mi the pitch line. NoHTiir-K-i EiruiitAtiov The Deteh re littum uii.vckmI to engage iu tin- eiploration of the waters of Spil)ergeii and llareuU neit summer. Iteeent discoveries in these waters make it probable th.t this exjiediUoii will have a C'liuiiitTel.l value. Tti-irHo-irji will ..sin lie within the rech of .11 At in. distant ilav every family Will have one ol iU own. True, you can t get . gin! one in this country now for much less than W, but they are selling m l'luoni ai s spiocc, nh.i li.wusani Urii'ieuty in uir price. V i k. UoTIOl tr-oii EMiilNl-jt, An impniveil evicu lias btM intriHlueed for operating the bdu valve of a steam eiiuiue lr in the lilstoli Tii of the engine, in Mtoh a W.y th.t the V.lvu will be nored slightly i" iartially UOOOtef the inlet ami exhaust pOTtl as the piston 0 plutes lis sirose. OJ saw in us io smwm mmmm ued ill the same direction as the pisL.ui Isigius to move iimui the return stroke, until the iNirts are hilly . - I . .ml then statin sun, wun ine porta fully oeii, until the piston has nearly B plated its return stroke. The arrangement b w hirh this is accomplished consists in thu ombi nation of a three armed bar, two levers, ouiiectuig bar. ami connecting lever with the piston rd and the valvu stem of a steam en gine also the combination of . lock ttar, spring, two eyiitniers, ami inn who no iwu levers and the three armed fur. Now, as the piston approsehea thu end of its stroke, the up per end of an upright arm of a I, n strikes the ilicaveil sine oi im-ii.qs r pan m nie ieris iterating it, .ml moving tlie slide valve to Ins.- tlie ports, and almit steam in front of tlie piston. As thu piston, then-lore, iMigins its re turn stroke, tlie inclined upier surface of one of the side .ruts of the three-armed levur bar comes in contact with thu lowur end of the levur, and continues its motion in tlie same direction the etl eel ot this g U fully omU th inlet srt, which remains thus until the piston hs. ne.rly completud its stroke. "At wh.t ue were vou marnedV asked she, nxiauitively. Hut the lady vu etpial Ui ths emergrncy, .nil quietly tttfttUtt pars-. n-' " PltstTDHI PWIVHI most I'm tk. The ge or picture is first soaked in a solution of pitash and then iu one of tartaric acid. This produce. a pOffeel diffusion of crystals of hitartr.tu of potash through the teiture of the imprinted isirt of the ,a r As this salt resists oil, the ..k M.ll.r m.v i.i.n he osssrd over the sillfs. e, At the I without trwisfernng any ink en ept to the print)! pan.