92
THE WEST SHORE.
February.
SMOKED GOOSE AND DUCK.
We do not know how practical the following
suggestion may be, hut there ia interest in it
certainly. Mr. W. M. Kyer writes to tho Bul
letin as follows: On the continent of Europe
smoked geese and other wild birds are to be
found in the provision stores, and are sold at
prices considerably higher than ordinary meats,
being considered delicacies. The breast or liver
of a goose, when smoked, is a choice morsel for
an epicure, and the whole bird is at all times
desirable as a change in the ordinary routine of
the dinner table. You are aware that in the
mountains of California and Nevada among the
miners, and upon the plains among the fanners,
fresh meat cannot always le had, except in or
near the towns. From this both miners and
farmers become consumers of salt and smoked
meata, as well as canned meats and fruits, To
these, smoked birds might advantageously be
added. Smoked Hsh, such as herring, mack
erel, salmon, etc., and smoked pork, in the form
of bacon, ham, etc., and smoked beef and ven
ison are all excellent articles for food, and why
not smoked geese atitl ducks?
Nmnn inav h utmost; Lhut at the Ilrico wild 1
birds sell for in .San Francisco, it would not 1
possible to get them in quantities sutlicient for
smoking. This is a mistake, for the birds are
more abundant than the salmon in the rivers,
and there are plenty of Qua to hunt them, pro
vided they could dispose of them near their
hunting grounds. Hunting grounds for ducks
and geese are rarely near town, railroad depots
or iteamhoat landings. The hunter of one day
ipendl the second in getting his game on the
cars; the third day finds bis game in the hands
of a commission merchant or middlemnn; the
fourth day one-half or more is spoiled or is not
sold, and the return mode to the hunter is dis
couraging. Itefore the canneries were estab
lished wily enough salmon were caught to aup
idy nun.' in. t: wants. Now fishing is largely
forexiHirt trade. Smoking establishments are
not necessarily expensive, nor do they require
much capital to conduct them. Every slough,
river, lake, and all the overflowed land abound
in edible birds. If a hunter could send every
day to such smoke-nouses or curing MttDUui
meiitH the game he shouts, He would Ha
lirofitahlc DOODDttiOD, and probably 'J.INHJ men
who are now idle could thus Hod a means of
living. As it is now, a hunter may drop lifty
geese or ducks in a day, and liud no available
market lor them, out it canning ctttaWiMiincntu
were near his hunting place tie could make bat
isfuctory wages.
AIMS IN H011SK BREEDING. the horse is in allowing an ignorant, stupid
smith to shoe them. Few horses live out half
At the late meeting of the Massachusetts I tlieir days, on account of bad shoeing.
t 1 iu ? . i c lL. if. II.. nhWiid tii the mann-r of awarding ore
h'mjland Farmer, Mr. John E. Pussell of miuins at fairs; he did not object to speed being
idered as one point, but he would also con
aider symmetry of 'orm, soundness and style
of action. He saw a horse which took a pre
mium because of its speed which was suffering
from opthalmia, and another had two spavins,
and to such animals the highest prizes were
Leicester, spoke on the breeding, training and
management of horses. He said that home
breeding in New England for the post 10 years,
hod been without profit. This has not leen be
cause capital and ability have nut been em
idoved. hut because lliev have nut bred horses
to meet the present demand for good road i awarded
horses, both for the saddle and carriage, good,
large, stylish carriage horses, not tut, hut good GOLDEN-WINGED WOODPECKER.
stately horses. There was also a demand for j
good farm horses, and heavy dray horses. Our illustration this week shows the golden-
The leading object in breeding horses at prcs- j winged woodpecker. It is an inhabitant of all
ent is to produce a Lady Thome or a Dexter, 1 parts of the United StateB and of Canada. At
but in this o tse, everywhere, failures are tlie all times admired and happy, these birds are
rule; success comes so seldom that it can hardly 1 peculiarly so at the love-making Beason of
lay claim to an exception, and the failures are ' early spring, when their voices may be heard in
utterly worthless for any other purpose. The 1 the utterance of joyous sounds, and when the
trotting horse was an accidental horse, which
frequently upset nil theories. These accidental
trotterB when they obtain a low record are
uaed in theBtud, and not uu frequently more is
charged for the service of one mare than tlieir
whole stock is worth
It is much easier to produce a finely devel
coy female is pursued by several males until she
has indicated her preference, winch produces
no strife, as the rejected at once fly off else
where to woo. The sung of the male, at this
season, is not unlike a iovial lauuh. or bv anv
I means unmusical. As soon as mated, each
' nair immediately proceeds to excavate the trunk
od bred horses of of a tree, and fashion a place for themselves
oped horse than a fast 0
good form reproduce themselves, which fast j and tlieir young. The hole is at first made
horses seldom do. Good formed horses, with a , horizontal, and then downward about six or
nohlc lineage, invariably reproduce themselves; I eight inches, They caress each other on tho
an accidental good horse seldom, but goes back : branches, climb about and around the tree with
TO TELL THE AGE OF FOWLS.
If the hen's spur is hard and the scnlca on
the legs rough she is old, whether you see her
Head or not, hut her head will corroborate your
observation. If the under-bill is so still that
you cannot lwnd it down, and the comb thick
and rough, leave her, no matter how fat mid
plump, for oiiio one less particular. A young
lien has only the rudiments of spurs; the scales
on the leg aresmooth, :'ln--v and fresh colored,
whatever tho color may be; the claws tender
and siiurt, tne uads sharp; the uuder-hiii soit,
and the comb thin and smooth.
An old hen turkey has rough scales on the
lens, callosities on tho soles of the feet, and
long, strong claws; a young one tho reverse of
all those marks. When the feathers are on the
old turkey-cock has a long tuft or heard
young one hut a sprouting one; and when they
are oft, tho smooth scales on the legs decide
tlit) point, Pennies the difference in size of tne
wattles of tho neck and in tho elastic shoot
upon the nose.
An old goose when alive is known by the
rough u . . the strength ot the wings, particu
larly at tho pinions, the thickness and strength
of the bill, and the fineness of the feathers, and
when plucked by the legs, the tenderness of the
kin under the wings, by the points and the bill
and the OOMMMM of the skin.
Ducks are distinguished by the same means,
but them is tho difference that a duckling's bill
is nint h longer in proportion to the breath of its
head than the old duck's.
A young pigeon is discovered by its pale
color, smooth scales, tender, collapsed feet, and
the yellow, long down intcrsitersed among its
feathers. A pigeon thut can fly has always red
colored legs and no down, and is then too old
for use as a squab.
A PAXAHTI0 OATBBrnXAK. We read that
Mr. .1. 0. Bnwring lias discovered a curious
moth, which in the caterpillar state is parasitic
OB the Chinese lantern liy (JWyom ttMradfta),
The caterpillars are very short and thick, fleshy
and about half an inch in length, anil, when
fully fed, covered with a "cottony coat," which
makes than resemble certain bark lice. The
pupa is covered by n thick cocoon, and the time
in which it remains in the impa state ia very
variable; in onu instance only nine days, in an
other "during our cool season" upward of 1'J
mouths. The caterpillars are themselves in
fested by hyiuenoptoroiia parasites. I'rof.
West wood, who itescriU's the insect in the
"Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London" under the name of A.'.t'iro(ifioni!,
thuiks that the caterpillar feeds upon the waxy
secretion of the fulgora. The moth is referred
to the atvtiana by I'rof. Westwood; but while
it is probably one of the Umibyeida', we think
it is wrongly referred to the "arctiidie."
Sikki CouniK.v.i. nx Sit , A gentleman
who has just returned from a tour among the
IVnusylvaiua rolling mills, tells the not Aye of
witnessing a very interesting proves by winch
team pressure is applied to Bessemer steel w bile
m the molds, and thus far with excellent re
ulU, considerably reducing the bulk and im
proving the texture.
"1 win. not learn a trade!" exclaimed the
Chicago youth to his father. Hut this business
of learning a trade is only a matter or time, for
within a year that young man was studying
RMMOJ making m State prison.
"Misinu, will you lend pa your paper? He
wants to send it to bis mule m tlx country."
"(tb! certainly. Ami ak your father if he'll
lend M the roof of bis houe 1 eidy want it
to make the tea kettle bottf1
Till! GOLDEN WINGED WOODPECKER.
to some inferior stock. Kostorn horses arc the
foundation of the tast stock in the world. The
F.llglisll blood horse. tl(.ir descendniihi nr.-
found all over Kurotc, and if New England
fanners desire to breed good stock they must go
to the thoroughbred horses. Breed from no
ly stock, lie would i;ivc no horse who did
not show gotnl style and noble action; would
have them from IfiJ to 6 hands, with legs ma
long at that. It would lw easier for him to tell
what marcs not to breed from, than to say what
they should breed from, The dam should lie
equal to the sire in blood. Old, worn-out mares
were not lit to breed from. A man- in : ,i
should have regular exercise, and if gently
worked every day alio would be all the hctte'r
for it
When a borne enters the stud, he should
er have any excitement, nor should he Ik eon-
lined in a dOM box alone, for hotrcs so confined
and fed high boOMM vicious and coin, times in
sane; should have regular excrt ine, W worked
ry day. ami would be b,-,t worked wiilinn.
ther horse. In feeding the coll use common
use. It takes the brt two cart to make a
horw. At two yean old the colt should DO
broken and put to gentle work. The French
work their horses at one year old, and at one
and a half they cam their living. The boot
lime to -ell ia More the colt is fatjM the next,
when it is a weanling; and to keep one U-yond
two years is like burning daylight.
The t mining of a fast successful horse one
year eosU more than the horse is ever worth.
Of trotters that are produced not more than
one iu a hundred proves successful. Before a
person seeks to control a horse, he must control
himself. But the greatest mistake made with
appari nt delight, rattle with their bills against
the topi of the dead branches, chase away the
red-heads, and feed abundantly upon ants,
beetles and larva. Before two weeks have
passed, from four to six semi-transparent eggs
are laid. Two ItivkIb are tluiB produced in
cieii season.
This sivcies is scarcely less happy when do
mesticated in confinement than when enjoying
the utmost freedom, feeding well, and finding
amusement in even thing, but csneoiallv in tho
traction of wooden furniture, for which it
has great capabilities.
and savory;
tmimxa ion Poultry on Fish. Two
OUpO of light bread or cracker crumbs; ono cup
of inched potatoes; one egg well U-aten; but-
t an egg; on, mu.iII teasoooniul of u,,.
one dozen ehilna op m at...
nodi moisten with warm. rich, new milk, add
Uuj salt and pepper to the taste. This is nice
for poajnry and fish; for duck, gwso or wild
game of auy kind, an onion ofaoppod tine and
and added is an improvement.
PmmHUI CbxcKUT, Boil two chickens until
dropping to pieces; pk meat off bones, Ukiug
out all skin, etc.; chop prettv tine; put back
into the kettle with a little 'of the Honor in
which it is Uuled; season with plenty of but-
.... ..m nine sage; put in
ii 7 ' pmm ana wei
lUotd when ooM.
ght to u
CAUSE OF DECAYED TEETH.
A writer in the BritUh Mvtlical Journal givea
somo valuable suggestions on the preservations
of the teeth: The general prevalence of dental
caries ia chiefly owing to food remaining on and
between the teeth after meals from breakfast
time till tho following morning when, accord
ing to custom, the teeth are briiBhed; brushed
hut probably not cleaned, as the brush is more
often UBed to polish the aurface merely than to
assist in removing what has accumulated be
tween them. Experiments have been referred
to that prove the solvent action of weak acida
on the teeth; and I think it will be conceded
without proof that, were portions of our ordin.
ary food, mixed and moistened aa in mastica
tion, kept during the night at the high temper
ature of the mouth, the compound wouldlie
Bour. It follows that dental caries must con
tinue to prevail as now, while it is the custom
to allow the food to remain in contact with the.
teeth all night.
The following observation show the detwn,l-
once of cariea on food remaining in contact with
the teeth. When the teeth are wide apart food
is not retained, and they generally remain free
from caries. The lower front teeth are seldom
nttneked by caries when, an is t7n.tl
case, the spaces between are closed to the en
trance of food by tartar. The backs of all the
teeth, upper and lower, being kept free from
food by the tongue, are seldom affected by
carieB. Lodgment of food takes place between
the bicuspids, between the molars, in the de
pressions on the masticating Burfoce of these
teeth, and on the buccal walls of these molars
and these are the chief Beats of caries. While
mastication is performed by the molars and.
bicuspids, the upper front teeth remain free from
food aud from cariea; but, when they them
selves are made to do the work of loat or dis
eased molars, and the food gcta between them
caries is certain to follow before long. Further
proof cannot be required that, if no food re
mained in contact with the teeth after eating
they would bo free from caries, unless acted
oy acmiiy irom otticr sources, t he only in-
therefore, for tho prevention of dental
licatio
piu nuvoutan f Robnti Mitchell & Co.,
bras founders and plumU-rs, of Montreal, is
prim ipally due to the comiwtitiou of American
gHHl. 1 luir creditors have given them per
mission to carry on business under nn inspector.
caries are the neutralization of aeid umlUJ
the teeth and the removal of food before it has
liccome acid. The food Bhould be removed
after every meal, aud all who have not the op
wrtunity of doing bo should not fail to remove
it every night at bedtime by rinsing, as the
brush cannot be trusted fcn nmnv tk f.i
from between the teeth.
ADULTERATION OF TOBACCO.
Tobacco, as even its users know .i.
Boston Oomm rrinl Bulletin, is nnt.nrini.oli, J.,i
teratcd. and so bkillful are tbuse w f.o i..r.u,t-..
these frauds, that it ia almost impossible to de
tect the imitations of the choice brands. With
the cheaper grades, where less care is taken, it
of course its different. Of the vem.tnl.l,. k
stances used there are leaveB of the dock plant,
rhubard, coltsfoot, cubbage endive, chiccory",
elm, oak, etc. In addition there are immense
tpiautiticB of decayed moss and aea-wced UBed,
with oakum, brown paper, logwood, and vari
ous other articles, most of them innocent of
harm. The saccharine substances, such aa beet
root, licorice, molasses, dretrs. etc.. am Un
nameless. But when we consider tho article
employed to give taste and pungency to the
fraudulent combinations, it is at once seen what
risks confirmed tobacco users run. To flavor
these bogus manufactures, oxide of iron, bi
chromate of potash, chromate of lead, umber
and Spauish brown are used. Of all the prep
arations of tobacco, snuff ia that whose use is
attended with the most danirer. It would 1,-
difficult to find a specimen ofanuff which does
not contain the oxides above mentioned, to
gether with salt, cayenne pepper, and very
often finely powdered silica and glass.
Fkmale Heroism. "Ono dav." said Mm.
scna, ' 'being at Buezcnghen, I perceived a young
soldier belonging to the Light Artillery, whose
horse had been wounded by a lance. The young
man, who apjwarcd quite a child, defended him
self deaperatoly, as several bodies of the enemy
lying around could testify. I immediately dis
patched an officer with some men to his assist
ance, but they arrived too late. Although thii
action had taken place on the borders of the
wood, and in the front of the bridge, t hiBarti
n man hade alone withstood tha attack of the
small party of Cossacks and Bavarians, whom
Wl nnoer ana the men I had dispatched put to
flight. His body was covered with wounda in
flicted by shots, lanceB and aworda. There were
at least 30. And do you know, Madam, what
the youmj man waa?" aaid Massena, turning to
me. A woman!" "Yea, a woman, aud a
handsome woman, too! although ahe waa so
covered with blood that it waa tfiflicult to judge
of her beauty. She had followed her lover to
the army. The latter waa a captain of artil
lery; ahe had never left him; and, w hen he was
killed, hod defended like a lioness the remains
of him she loved. She waa a native of Paris;
her name waa Louise Belleta, and she waa the
daughter of a fringe maker in the Rue de Petit
Lion. ''Memoir of the Duchei d'Ahrantt.
Another Case of Aniline Powoninu. The
fact bos recently come to light in Cermany that
iHiiaoned aniline dye ia sometimes used to color
the lining of hats. A hat with a brown leather
lining was purchased at Stettin, near the Baltic
sea, by a gentleman, who began to suffer from
in t! animation of the head and eyea aoou after he
commenced wearing it. A chemical examina
tion of the hat showed that the brown hue waa
jmmitnd to the leather lining by mcane of ft
poisonous suUtance intermixed with the aniline
dye made from coal tar.
BaUOTTTUt Incident. A friend relates to as
a xery interesting circumstance which occurred
at W est Point not long since. It waa on one of
the late delightful autumnnl Sabhatha, when
windows were universally left open. Over the
pulpit, in the chapel, as some of our readers will
Rnienilwr, is a tine allegorical picture by Weir.
A art of it represents Peace as a female figure,
holding an ohve branch in her hand. Ihiring
the service, at the time alluded to, aimaUbird
tie w into the chapel and made aex-eral fttteniptt
to alight on the branch. What a tine criticism
ujK.n the fidelity of the artist