October.
HOW TO TAKE CARE OP THE TEETH.
Some time ago the Odontography Society of
Philadelphia offered a prize for the best MM
on the care of the teeth, the same to be published
for the benefit of the public.
The prize was awarded for the following
rales for preserving the teeth:
1. Cleanse your teeth once, or oftener, every
day Always cleanse them before retiring at
night Always pick the the teeth and rinse the
mouth after eating.
2. Cleansing the teeth consists in thoroughly
removing every particle of foreign substance
from around the teeth and gums.
3. To cleanse, use well-made brushes, soft
quill or wood toothpicks, an antacid styptic
toothwash and precipitated chalk. If these
fail apply to a reliable dentist.
4. Always roll the brush tip and down length
wiso of the teeth, by which means you may
avoid injuring the gums and necks of the teeth,
and more thoroughly cleanse between them.
5. Never use a dentifrice containing acid, al
kali, charcoal, snap, wit or ivnv iTittv or pow
erful detersive substance,
6. Powders and pastes generally are objec
tionable. They injure the gums and soft parts
of tho teeth, and greatly assist in forming tar
tar. A wash, properly medicated and carefully
prepared, is pleasanter and more beneficial. It
dissolves the injurious secretions and deposits,
and the whole is readily removed with the
brash and water.
7. Avoid eating hot food. Thoroughly mas
ticate and insalivate the food before swallowing
it Frequent indulgence in sweetmeats, etc.,
between regular meals disturbs the process of
digestion, and a viscid secretion is depoiited in
the mouth (from tho stomach) which in very in
jurious to the teeth.
8. Parents, carefully attend to your children's
second dentition, (iently prevail upon them,
atan early age, to visit at frequent intervals a
careful and slcillful operator.
Itemember that four of the permanent doublo
teeth come in at about the age of six years.
They are very liable to decay early, are very
large, and should never 1ms allowed to require
extracting.
Children do not "shed" their teeth as they
did in former ages. Instead of beiug trained to
masticate nutritious food, they are tempted
with and allowed to "gulp down" delicacies,
hot cakes, hot beverages, eto.
Thus, by depriving the teeth of their natural
function and overtasking the stomach, a morbid
condition of the general system is produced;
the "first teeth" are prematurely decayed, and
the iermancut Bet are not matured at tho proper
period of dentition. The consequences are ter
rible. 9. Never allow any one to extract a tooth or
to dissuade you from having them tilled, unless
absolutely necessary. Many Bo-called dentists,
actuated by selfish motives, advise extracting,
and sacrifice teeth which competent operators
can render serviceable for many years.
10. Carelessness and procrastination are re
sponsible lor a large majority of teeth that
lost
Bad Rivbtino. A writer in the I'olyttthnie.
Review states that some time ago having occa-
emu hi uau noiuu ooucr uasunga wim iniR!-Sect
attached, he started to take the sheets off, com
mencing by chinning, hut finding, after a time
that lie could save labor by hammering the rivet
heads, the result was about on an average, three
blown irilh a iouml and a half hammer per rivet
to drive it completely away from its head. Now
tail is what might lie called bad riveting, and it
was perfectly new, naving never Decn used.
The result of a high steam pressure, on such
work may readily be imagined. And yet says
the writer, we do not know that there are not
hundreds of boilers in nearly tho same condi
tion, running very nearly up to their full
capacity. Even though the work may not be so
bad when new, corrosion will make itconstautly
worse, when leaks may start, and caulking is
of no ore; nothing but new rivets will answer.
The rivets under diacusaion, were cut too short
in the first place, and consequently the heads
were under the proper size; then they were
hammered too much, and a crack started around
the head, and the whole structure of the iron
ruined, as could be seen by examining them
after they were removed. A good plan to pre
vent flawing the head in such a manner (in ad
dition, of course, to good work) would be,
to counter-sink the holes in the sheet on tho
side of the heading, so as to form a fillet under
the head which would serve the same as a lillet
in castings, to avoid cracks.
THE WEST SHORE.
21
THE FAKIR.
India possesses a class of religious mendicants
whose religion teaches them to endure hardship
of all kinds, and to indict Win themselves cas-
tigations so severe that they often fall victims
to their strangely misdirected zeal. .Mohamme
danism also has kindred devotees, with whom
Americans who may have traveled in Turkey or
Egypt will be familiar. We refer to the howl
ing and dancing dervishes.
But whatever sufferings the disciple of Christ
or Mohammed ohotflM to suffer for the sake ot
his religion, they are scarcely to be compared
with those the fakir (pronounced fah-keer) will
undergo on purpose to reach Brahma's bosom.
and he will tax his ingenuity to its utter extent
to invent, perfect or vary the horrible cruelties
he commits upou himself in his mistaken idea
of what will be grateful to his (iod. Some of
them will fast for days, even weeks, others will
make a vow to bend an arm behind their back,
or stand on one leg so long that the muscles of
the limb shrink in and prevent It from ever
araill iakilu' its n.iliiml nnetittAti On ok .
the writer saw in Kurraehce (Stud), who paused
ma huh III IIHUC UllOnillOU, NUtllllllg Oil OIIC
leg upon a big stone without any protection
against a torrid sun, and never descending his
How Fine Dark Cwarh may bk Made
According to a little brochure, published lately
by M. Haase,icigar manufacturer in Bremen,
and reviewed by the English Mechanic, the ar
tificial coloring of cigars is daily becoming more
common. Most of the smoking public prefer
strong and dark-colored cigars to the light and
bright-colored. M. Haase reports that 76 per
cent, oi nis purcnasera oruer me lormcr, ami
only '24 per cent the latter. It is further
known that most cigar-smokers prefer a cigar
of a regular brownish color to an irregularly -oolored,
red, dun, or spotted cigar. On the
other hand, the folor of raw tobacco tends
rather to bright that to dark, and the bad
crops ot ine past year nave lurmaaea mucn
bedloreditobtcco. Hence, with an increas
ing proportion of bright-colored and bad
colored tobacco, and the demand for the dark
tobacco, the use of coloring sauces has in
creased. These sauces are all of pretty harm
lew ingredients, generally some dilute dye
wood extract in ammoniac solution; bat, in
deed, these extracts contain no natural tobacco
color. M. Haase condemns the practice; any
artificial alteration of a natural product like
tobacco, in order to give it a better look, is in
itself improper. Then the natural color of the
covering leal it of essential influence on the
strength of the cigar, and most smokers lay
great value on the color, But ith artificial
coloration, the judgment is deceived, and a
right inference from the external color to the
qoabty of the cigar rendered impossible. Rub
bishy cigars can, by coloring, be passed off for
good Hence til artificial coloring of cigars
with such sauces moat be regarded as a fsJtifi
cation of the goods for deception of the public
tl-OOm lllHlll 1 Hli'llnl to .1 I-i-A ...
. mu ngni mo
ment of the outbreak. When the time came
they presented themselves before the Sepahis
With a lotus leaf (the sacred plant of India),
and it was the bvgiunmg of a series of atroei
ties which cannot be decriled.
The fakir ah,,.-.. M. ..:
tating under a tree upon the banks of the lian-
wimi iw HMsssnTinBiH may,
tor aught we know, be calling the vengeance "of
Krishna tin- ,1. s.1.,1, r lllutn tli.. t.. I
near by who disturb his saintly thoughts, by
WM1IS ""m wings uves near pr, an action
which is the most heinous sin in the religion of
the Brahma,
COPPERAS AS A DISINFECTANT.
Copperas (sulphate of iron) is largely used as
a disinfectant for the miasmatic exhalations.
According tosomo researches into its use by the
Politrcmic ttnkw it is of dwutfa value for
such purpose. It claims that the sulphate of
iron, Hint of n, nVSkt the eMofMl of lime, t
nof a hygienic disinfectant. Although it is
PphJOnodl to higher forms of life, there appears
to lie no evidence that it acts destructively upon
the lowers forms of organisms, as diwa the chlo
ride. One of the l -f illii.it rati,,,.. n..i i...
offered to prove conclusively that the sulphate
is oat ii poison to um minute hie rami, deve -mmmI
ilnrlno nnWutlm J .1 :',, .
by the strong deposition of our ( common
THE FAKIR.
pedestal but to artake of a little boiled rice,
or to snatch a few moments of Bleep when over
taxed nature became too exhausted.
Others, again, will bury themselves in the
ground up to the head and Buffer the bites of
termites (white nut- or other tropical insects,
whose bite it equally painful. In fact there is
no suffering these poor deluded heathen can
tnink oi tney will not cheerfully ami readily
undergo on purpose to deserve the right of en
trance to the seventh heaven. Vet all fakirs
do not subject themselves to such folteriugs;
but all believe it a duty to fast mocb and often.
High-caste Hindoos being strict vegetarians,
even when rich, have but little variety in their
food, but the fakir who it an ascetic, has but
one article of food, rice, which he eats spar
ingly. The consequence is that fakirs are the
most Bkeleton-like beings it it possible to see;
their thinness being tho more apparent from the
fact that they scarcely ever have more covering
than a rag around their loins.
Fakirs are greatly reverenced by the igno
rant castes in India, and their revelations, which
are often but the ravings of a diseased brain.
lisU-netl to witii awe ami dcvotn-u. The mu
tiny proved that they were much to be feared
by the Engliah rulers as agents of the disaf
fected rajahs, whose messages they carried to
the Sipahis of the East India Company, causing
them to revolt against their officers and ulti
mately to commit the massacre which caused
such great mourning in England.
It is said that the emissaries of Nina Sahib,
the great instigator of the Indian mutiny,
were all fakirs and had agreed with the native
writing inks, most of which contain it in ouan
tity, to become moldy, such mold being, as
in (louiiuess wen Known, a lungus vegetation.
wmcn otteti apx-ar on I mm lies in pn-ceaa of lc
cay. We may designate the virtues of the sul
phate of iron, for disinfecting nun-oses. as fol
lows: It is not a hygienic disinfectant, since it
does not destroy the lower forms of life. As a
remedy, tlierelore, against the spreau of epi
demic diseases, which spread by the dissemina
tion of the germs of auch minute organisms, it is
quite useless. As a chemical disinfectant, how
ever, for the suppression of offensive odnra,
affecting the question of comfort rather than
health, it is a most excellent agent. Wherever
the ordinary system of a walled reservoir for
holding excremeutal matters is in vogue, and
where, as is generally the case, the res
ervoir is but seldom emptied, the air in the
vicinity, especially ilunng the iicriotl oi low
barometer, will be chamed with nuimcut and
offensive odors. These may be effectually
checked by the criodical addition of the auf-
pnate in solution in water.
El.WTRIc I.IiiHT nm ClTirx Let Mnmles
says that the municipal couucil of Exeter is the
first public body in England which has officially
recognized the value of the recent experiments in
electric lighting. It has postponed a content
plated purchase of gas works, under a hope
that electricity will soon be shown to be more
satisfactory as well as more economical. The
three rival systems, of the Gramme machine,
the Alliance machine, and the electric candle
of .labloehkoff and IVnayrouxe. are ooutinuiiiir
their experiments in Pans, on a large scale.
HOME MADE CURTAINS.
A house wife writes to tho Prairie Farmer,
some notes of her home-made decorations.
We take a paragraph on curtains: lively
draperies can bo fashionod out of that common,
est of fabrics, cheese-cloth. They should be
long and full; bands of turkey-red calico
stitched on the front edge and Mtom, make a
pretty finish. More elaborate, curtains can he
made by using Torchon or Smyrna laeo inser-
ton and edge with a strip of cheese-cloth of
the same width ns the insertion Mweon the
two for the finish. A band of turkey-rwl. an
insertion of lace, another lwnd of red and a
lace edge of the same width as the insertion
makes a beautiful combination. A round cor'
nice with rings is the most appropriate for
these curtains, but they can, of course h
hung on whatevei kind one may ban Q 0IW
docs not hUMfl to 1 MUBcssed of cornices of
"tn .J"n,tjWn' oonoaV to he studied
Mare bedstead slats.' Cut the tlaU four ehM
longer than the window casings arc wide- on
each end fasten a piece four inches long, that
will set square baek to the wall. Put some
cotton batting on the mt side, so as to make
a rounded surface and cover all smoothly with
cotton doth to hold it in thai. Cover this with
a puff made of the cheese cloth, leaving a frill an
inch or more in depth on each side. Tack a
scarlet cord or band over the gathering threads
ami fasten the cornice in position with long
nooks that DOtne. for the purpose, Very pretty
amhrcqii.us can W made of the same materials
by tacking a straight breadth, (trimmed across
the bottom! , huge plaits tu the cornice, ami
niter it is hung, looping the center in graceful
nook
VIENNA BREAD,
A Vienna bakery lias been one of the most
prominent objects at each of the last three in.
ternntional exhibitions, sml probably there
are many lunisekrcpcrs w h Would be glad to
know how this delicious broad is made.
The baking. The loaf should be so small
mat in or hi minutes will l-o auflieicnt to
it through in u oven which is bent,.) t..
temperature of about BOP, or the molting
point o bismuth. The rolls si Id not touch
each other.
The. mixing. The proportion. re:k Eight
ponndt of floor, thrti quin ts of milk "d w
tor in iual proportions, thrsa tlll ft Ju
ounces ot pressed yeast, DM ounce of salt
which should make about ;iMl rolls ..f tl,. i;
nary " Kaiwr M innie! " sire. The null mA
water in nul parti arc first mixed and allowed
to come to the mum taptrttan of a kitchen,
and a small amount of flour is then mixed in it
il l s l""ll,Hin' 1,10 yeast is
added and well mixed in, first crumbling it in
the ham . nm t , mn la L.ft i . . ?.
quarters of . hour. The rest of the llour'is
then slowly mixed in with thorough kneading.
MjVOOro Al.AIIAKI Kit OlIN AMKNTH. - -The
an excellent cement for this puriKtse: 7ft "
dram of quick-lmie, slako it will, a little water,
.v .v., hh ami sue it through a very
ine lawn slt,vc Mix this powder, whiles quite
freshly prepared, with two tahlcspoonfula of
raw white of egg; work up wry smm.tl. with
a spatula and spply to the surfaces to btjotnad
"Inch must si oXl t
etc., until the cement has set thoroughly.
OHIUI BQ IOC -There la an excellent home
mad., sauce for meat that goes by this namo,
, i.nuiany an inula
of a sauce made of the ehSli or cayenne ih-i
ir imkI. The folh.wi.. ;. . " ,.rr.
Pake eighteen rinu tonatnaa u Li . '
green ,cppcrs, two toaaKuiful. of Bait, one
teacup of BQitr, two and ono-half teacuw of
vinegar, one teasonful cch of elovea .ml
cinnamon (hop and mix, boil t0WVi
SOIT Soil' A - ' , .
,,i. ii,. f,,n . 1 rri'.?M
"f bolllai mtar ii..tvc ti,,.. pond! 8,hk1
. T T , "i .till IWDOUMMWIIh.
Ini' mil & ai. in ul. lJ , i .
' - , " "ii:il iMir.., in il lwi
n nee. pHMMk or ituli, .ml .tir it w.H.
1 1., i t ' m cli .iim ami
JJ ' t vnM, auil j'i ii ii l fr
'""Ji
Till nun. iWn .... w m.-
Ilb ' I ' I'ukff
111 flriilliliu.liT ... IhJ ... i.li 1 1
. w.iiiiinu in. in, ,,
M wi.rk, ud lnn limy wero Uinng f,,r c.l .t
iinaly ho .tt,,l, my murium, ami I, l ,1
(ill fur . Iiiiiii Inn.. il.... 1-1.. " ! .
like bi lnvmir work liile ho nimuiie.1 t,e,.
. '"-iie i .ii . li. I,. , ,t havliiu I,,
work . limit beyiiml Uie lu.ur t which tl,. hell
miiL'. t i.t hi, i, , I...I JIM ill . ...
.Ihcient mimlH,r of bud, u, amlmue tlio L?,r.
ins On mquiry lie bud out tin Mtm tad
tol.1 the iluke , ( t,.t Um .
tin liell na- ,turui,
u In ii 1 1,, till 1 1 ....I i i . . n
" iviuinmi won, ami reuiain-
ii m i u mix o cioca. tin
SS ,'OWeV"r' M th'Kh the men
dn.pjl work promptly a. the hell rang when
he was not by, they wero not so punctual in
remimmv work (.. ...L..i. i C
. "w trie reaaoii,
and U.e men s excuse was that, though they
thev i. ml i.t .,. ,. i.i.l.. I U.-J
loulymn. ( ,h,. th.,luk. h the meclu.,.
-- maul make it .tnke
I I at one o clock.
Iturnmi K.iv.ii. a
inllueutial ilciuUtlou ol lu.uiher. ol I'arliment
lately waihi.1 on the lllllll of the Ki
clicuer , toailnicat. the claim, ol the Hootti.h
JMMVltWM Society. HirKUfforJ Northooto
?""nJ or.red to it
ti.ouo lor iu raid and fa th. ...... ,i, t
iluruiK the 20 ,,., , ha .
cuurajfementlur future auproihationj.