Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 1, 1877)
THE WEST SHORE September. Hurra on the care op thk eyes, There arc, perhaps, more individuals who ascribe, their weakness of sight to a u of their eyes under an insufficient artificial illumination than to any one otiier cause. In a great many in t.in- (in may not he Htnctly true, Imt t J - - - -can he no doubt that faulty artificial light in uue of tliu most productive causes of a certain class uf injuries to which the eye i an lo ex hibci1. The two sources of trouble with the ordinary artificial light arc flmt, they are not pure white, and secondly, they are, unsteady, The in -t defect i- found in all artificial lights except the lime, electric and magnesium light; till' second csj.i-ciiilly in m,' -.- :iim cas. I lie yellowness in, in a measure, counteracted by using, in the 0MC of lamp and gat, chimneys Of a vioh-t or hlue tint, and the flickering of the giw may Ite obviated largely ly employing an Argand mirner. All tinngH considered, a i. or man student lamp furnishes the moat satisfao tory light. The next Itest is gaa with ;m Ar gaud burner. The chimneys of hoth may, as atnive niiggcntcd, lie al vantitgeniiHly of a light hlue tint. The position of the light in relation to tin body in uf great importance. If a shade ia used ozi the liLluti or burn.T lit whould, by preference, ho of ground or " milk" glaw, never of colored glaaa), the light may stand directly in front of the Isidy and the work 1m; allowed to lie in the light ini'lcr the kIcHc, wlii. li will protect tli uyea from the glare of the Ihime, If no shade ia uaed the hack should he turneil to tliu source of light, which might to fall over the left shoulder. The name rule appliea in the management of daylight. In this case the light should enmo from liehind atnl alightly ahove, and fall d reetlv on the work, whence it ia reflected to th eyo. It should never fall directly in the race. The light in the room during sleep ia alao not wimoiii us inmienee. n a rule, ine room Dur ing sleeping hoiira alioiild he dark; and, in par ticular, care ahould lie taken to avoid Nleeping opjKiaite a window w here, on Opening the eyea in the morning, a Hood of strong light will fall on them. Kven the strongest eyea are, after the repose of the night, more or leaa sensitive to the imprcHsinn id intense light. The eyes must have time to accustom thoUUolvee to the lUnnlnii Attention ahould he called to the injurious Oflbotl that follow reading on railroad cars. On account of the unateadincss of the page, read ing, under tlicao circiliu stances, is exceedingly trying to tlie eyea, and should never be ier sistodiii for any conaiderahle length uf time. 1 luring convalescence from severe illness the eye aro generally the laat to regain their lost power. lr. S. M. liurnrtl, in Srrihiirr. MOONS FOR MA KM. An astronomical discovery, which is ranked among the greatest of this century, has heen made at the observatory at Washington, hy means of the new iualruuicnt which is called the "great telescope."' Accounts which caiuu to hand euahle us to compile the following iuteretng narrative AUuit 1 1 oolock. on Thursday night, August Ifith, PfoffNOT Hall noticed a very Hinall star following Mara a few seconds, and made an estimate of ita distance from the planet. Two hours later he looked again, and was sur prised to And that the star seemed to Ihi follow ing the planet. As the distance hail not increased, while the planet was moving away at tin-rate of 1,1 aecomU an hour, he therefore made a careful series of mcoMires, w hich showed that the satellite was .Ml seconds from the idanet. An hour later it was still there, hut Mr, Hall made no further ohservation, hardly crediting the great discovery he had luado. On Friday morning he showed his ohserva turns to Professor Nowcomh, who was so confident that the object must Ihi a satellite, that he calculated roughly the time of its revo lution, which he tixed at one day, eight hours, or a little less. This showed that the object would pass behind the planet some time during the following night, ami that if not seen in early evening, it would rvaper More daylight in the morning In the evening it was invisible, hut reappeared, true to the prediction, alxuit one o'clock m the morning with a companion sad I lite Pnf MOOT Hall had now so little doubt of the ivality of the object, that ni made the discovery known to Admiral Itogcra, the nil peri hteiidcut. It was still thought In-at to wait lor another look It lore loimallv announcing the discovery, MpooUlb ProfccMr Newoomb'i calculation showed that it would be on the Opposite side of the planet on Saturday evening. Hardly whs the tolCMCtM tumcd on Mar, when the satellite was Keen, and its position determined hy several ol the CM ronomera. BctUtiflc authorities in VVnihnWtoU regard this as ranking among the greatest teleacnpie discoveries of the century; the only two which exceed it being that of the asteroid group in And of the planet Neptune in 1MB, Pro (ecCOf Hall, the fortunate discoverer of the satellite, has been attached to the ohscvatorv MM Imw. When Piiifccwi Wcwnombe incigncn the charge of the great tclescoiie, in I S7., be Mlcceeded to it. Ho an able and learned mathematician, and an iiuosteutatious and con cionttoui olwrver. Tie distance of the lint satellite from the plaint is betWl 14,000 and 15,000 miles, which is less than that of any other known atelbte from its primary, and only about one-ntet-nth the dutauce of the moon from the .arth. Iho inner one, aa to the existence of which the astronomers are not vet alwolutelv certain, is still cloarr. KiliRKWFiutT Wish. The following la a recipe for elderlwrry win, in answer to recent impnry: To eight ipiarta of borne pour (otCI tJie Wrnesl (our ipiarta of boiling water; let laud I'.' hour, stirring now and then; straiu thoroughly, pressing out all the juice; add thrv pounds of sugar to four ipiarU of juice, one ounce powdered cinnamon and one half ounce pow dered clcVCCboll live minutes, and set away to ferment m a stone jar, with a cloth thrown lightly over It; when fermentation has CMMClL reek it olf carefully, ao aa not to disturb the leva, liettle and eork Cawr well BABES IN COURT. The Cincinnati TitMt says: There was a very peculiar case in Judge Wilson's Court this morning, both in the character of the offenders and the oddiiess of their misdemeanor. Along about the hour of II o'clock Prosecutor Murphy called out: "Thomas Piipuet, James Alfoiit, Ira Cdhhin, Theo. I.icfert," and four infantile prisoners stood up before the bar of justice, and eight little lists went up into eight little eyes and nearly rubbed them out, while salty tcarn, as large aa fall peas rolled down into four little mouths. "Ollicer Henna.'aste, take the atand!" said I the Prosecutor, and then turning to the four boys, asked, "Are you guilty or not guilty?" "Please, Kir, we ilunno,' ohlod the juve nile ipiartut. Then the vigilant officer went on to state how he hail caught the lioys dropping boulders Into farmer liragenhush a well, out on the Gob crain like, and that the farmer was complain ing about his well being tilled up; and having caught the miscreants m the very act he hail brought them right into the court. The ollicer was then told to sit down and the Judge took the case in hand. "Now, my tlittle men," queried his honor, anil there was a tunny smile illuminating hit haudaoine face, "Ml me why you threw thnae atones in iii.ti mnn'c well?" The four little boys turned their tear-bo-dewed eyes upon each other, ami then, as if by common consent of the other three, little Ira Cobhin, the eldest of the young culprits, an swered in a quavering voice: "Please, sir, we IT 01 only doing it in fun. Jiimnio and mo carried the stones, and them other boys drojuK'd 'em down the well. We got tired sliding down a soaped board, and wo only dropped the stones down 'cause we liked to hear 'cm go kerchuck into the water." Ami eight little eyes again shed tears of sorrow. In his kindness of heart, lus honor let them go with a warning. Till PutlLI Or the Potrjronr. Few appre ciate the dangers which the brave mechanics face, or give them projKir credit for bravery. We read of an accident in Pittsburg, Pa., which was as follows: A number of men were castimr a chilled roll. Nearly two tons of iron were re quired to make tfie casting, ami toe services of 'M men were required to handle it. Whilo they were louring the moulten metal into the mold there was a sudden and terrific report, which was closely followed bv a shower of linuid iron. The red hot metal (lew in every direction and ilropjiecl upon ami ahout Sat workmen. Ihey ran toeHcnputlioBlmwer, in their terror dropping the ladle which yet contained most of the metal The ladle was overturned and immediately great streams shot out in quick pursuit of the nyina lalsirers. Two of the workmen, closely followed hy streams of the red-hot iron, fell into adjoining pits and the metal ran in Upon them, burning their flesh to a crisp in many places. One man's Tace was burned to a crisp and his eyea burnt out of his head, and in their places the socket were tilled with chunks of chilled metal. That man was (ieorge L, Kbhert, of Allegheny. Walter Morno'l eves, too, were burnt from the sockets, and his face, breast, anus and hands were burnt to a crisp at diflereut nlaces. Here and there the red-hot metal had netually eaten its way to his Ihuics. Mr. Totten was inter rogated aa to the cause of the explosion, and he attributed it to a "damp cave." In other wonts, the saml with which the mold had bCOU packed was not properly dried, and perhaps, too, not properly grooved, so that the steam generated could hot escape. A TttAIM os tub Down Ohahb. Oeorge Francis Train talks at the rate of '.'.'til words a minute, and occasionally pauses for breath. These pauses seem to annoy him, and it is his habit to till them by putting the question be lore mo House, ami caning lor the yeas ami nays. His auditors like to make a noise, and an affirmntivt response follows aa a matter of course; and then the lecturer, having regained Ins breath, proceeds with his remarks. An audience at Rochester on June llth was Mrayed by these tactics into a very unfortunate tXprtC- nan of opinion. He had been complaining that Chriatiiinity consigned to perdition such jht sons as ShakesiH'are, Byron, Franklin and Washington, who were not within the pale ol churahmemDcrehip. "If 1 ever know bore after." he exclaimed, "I want to be when- I can feel the woiiderous influence of these great men, and I want to Ik- able to grasp their ex tended hands, even if I have to go to hell to do ." " Ami, by the way," he added, gasping r breath, and apprchetidinn the approach of a iaue, "all those in favor of going to hell enth monty 'aye,'" Prom all iiuarters of the house came mechanically the tlmndering re sHuse, "aye!" Then they staighenod them selves in their chairs, and relloeted calmly on theplcasure-triptowhieh they had prematurely committed themselves. ,Vtr York TribttHt. PrUM Hi ttkii WmtODt toft From W. Y. Hazard's treatise on hiltter-inakjug we extract the following: In families, or where the dairy is small, a good plan to hUYC butter cool ami linn without ice is by the process of cvajKira tion, as practiced in India and other warm countries. A cheap plan is to get a very large sized, Hin.us, earthen Sowmspot. with an extra large saucer; half till the saucer with wuteri set It in a trivet or liitht stand such as is in, ,1 for holding hot irons will do; uou this set your miller; over the whole uncrt the Mower-pot, letting the top nm of it rest m and tie covered by the water; then close the whole in the Itot- tom of the flowerpot with a cork; then dah waier oer the newer-pot, and repeat the pre ee several times a day. or whenever it look diy If set in a MM place, or where the wind can blow ouil.it will rapidly evasirate the water from the Mi MJ the butter will be aa linn andectol aa i( from an ice bouse. Wihm.wokih's rtUUfl, near which the "old oakcu bucket" swung, u carefully preserved by a descendant of the iwet. The bucket tu sold ao out the clear, cold well remains. PICKLES COLORED BUT NOT POISONED. Pickletnakera have for a long time had to fight their consciences by "greening" their prod uct by heating in copper vessels, or by introduc ing copper salts. The French chemists claim to have done away with the use of copper by sub stituting ft preparation of chlorophyll, which is the substance forming the natural green in plants. The matter was brought before the Academy of Sciences in Paris, recently, and a paper read, the purpose of which was to estab lish the fact that the salts of copper can be ftd vantaireously replaced in all particulars by the exclusive employment of chlorophyll obtained from edible vegetables a conclusion which is based upon the following observations, which we ohtaiu tnrougn me rwgwGAnw nsw 1. The chlorophyll of the vegetables disap pears during ebullition. 1. The vjWihle tilwr and the starchy mat ter which is contained, when brought m con tact with chlorophyll during ebullition, almost completely saturate themselves. :i. The vegetables when but half saturated with chlorophyll during the operation of bleach ing retain this beautiful coloring matter. These facta are of great importance, and indi cate the mode of procedure which is to be adopted. If some spinach, or, still better, the foliage of leguminous plants he treated with caustic soda, a liquor ia obtained which gives, with alum, a lac of chlorophyll. This lac should he carefully washed to free it from sul phate of Boda. This lac is easily dissolved by means of an alkaline iilioanhate or alkaline earth, and is composed of chlorophyll, alumina and phosphate of Boda. This dissolved lac is added to the bleaching water, and ou ebullition yieldB up its chlorophyll to the vegetables. ftevcral flasks of peas prepared ny thlB process were presented to the Academy; of these, those that were completely saturated with chloro phyll possessed a shade of color imiiossible to be obtained by the use of copper; iKiBides, they were devoid ol the BJtrufltent UUtCi as well as the poisonous effect, which characterizes those preserved hy means ot the salts ot that metal. Although the application of the French dis covery, as described above, can be made only by one skilled in the handling of chemicals, there can lie no doubt that ere long so important a matter will he put lortn in more popular form. Winiis An a in st Steam. A Bhort time ago there was ft race from Dover to London between the Continental mail express train and a carrier ugeon, conveying a document ol urgent nature rom the French police. The pigeon, which was bred by Messrs. Hartley k Sons, of Wool wich, and "homed" when a few weeks old to a building in Cannon Btreet, City, was of the best hreed ot horning pigeons known as "BelgiaL voyageiirs." The hint was tossed through the railway carriage window by a French otlicial as the train moved from the Admiralty pier, the wind lieing west and the atmosphere hazy, but with the sun shining. For upwards of a minute the carrier pigeon circled round to an altitude of ftlniut half a mile, and then sailed away to wards idinonn. ny una time the train winch carried the European mails, and was timed not to stop between Dover and Cannon street, had gut up to full Bpeed and was proceeding at the rate ol 0U miles an hour toward Loudon, The his at startinir seemed against the bird, and the railway officials predicted that the little messenger would lie Wten in the race. The pigeon, however, as soon as it ascertained its bearings took the nearest homeward route, in a direction midwtiv between Maidistoiie and Sit tinglMiurne, the uttunoo "as the crow Hies" be tween Dover and London lieing 70 miles, and by rail 7tiJ miles. When the Continental mail xpress came into t aimim-strcct station, the bird hud been home 'JO minutes, having lieateu her Majesty's Itoyal mail by a time allowance representing 18 miles. PBtURVATIOM 0V Kims. The Journal of thf M'llical AcademM ot' Turin, in a recent number. says: The sure and simple method of keeping KM aoium vj smearing me sueus Willi linseed il has hum Is eu practiced. The oil forma n sort of film over the shell, thereby preventing the two immediate causes of decomposition evaluation from ami oiietration of air into the 'gg. i recent cxjierimeiit in aunt deserves lotice, A dozen now-laid um were rnbhad ovurwith linseed oil applied with the tip of the linger; auowicr tio.eu w ere coaled m like man ner with poppy oil; two more eggs were left in their natural state. The w hole B6 were then hud close together, in three rows, on dry sand upon a shell, where they were left UndUtUrDed. At the end of three uiontliB they were weighed, and again at the end of six months, when they Were opened. The two eggs left in their nat ural state at the end of three mouths hail lost II, of their weight, and at the end of six months 18 and were found to be half empty and the content! rotten. The eggs ctwUcd with poppv oil in three months tost 'A . and in six mouths 4 J , of their weight. The eggs were Htill full and devoid of unpleasant smell. The eggs ruhWd over with linseed oil in three months lost 2 . and m six mouths .T only of their weight, and when opened were found to Ik- lull, with the smell of fresh eggs. Iavask-sk Mtrrnni. m Chikinu" Itii'K A letter bom .Uu says: "They know how to cook rice hen. Only just enough cold water is POUJCd en to prevent the nee from burning to the bottom ot the pot, which has a cloae-tittiug cover and is m ou a moderate tire. The rice is steamed rather than boiled, until it ia nearly done; then the cover of th.. w. :. . ,i . .. .i the surplus steam and moisture are allowed to" eacape ami tlie rice turns out a mass of snow, w hite kernels, each separate (nun the other, ... mm mum mivrior lo the soggy maas W0 .uin gei in me t nited states as a tine mealy potato is to the water-Maked article." TlIK honorable gentleman is seckm.. . r-.-l-.. turn, and rum to meet his constituent from afar, hat in hand. "ti.Mxl any, my honorable I trust your health is good?" "It is " "And your honorable wife is well, too, I hope'" "She ia. " was juit thinking of you I knew I should meet you. for just round the cor tier 1 in: t !,. i.l. ..t . laid dog." r Ur ,um,r STKAW AS HORSE FEED. More than the usual amount of straw escaped the match in this State this year, and more will be turned to acccunt to keep up animal life during the months of field-famine which will prevail in some counties in our State. Hintt for the use of this Btraw .may, perhaps, bt drawn from the following cxia-neiice which we find in the Boston Cultivator: I have wondered a great many times why farmers do not pay more attention to feeding straw than they do. Now, though fil years old, I have been on the farm alwut 1 1 years, yet I find in my own ex perience that my horses do better on straw, with a little corn, than they do on the best of hay without corn. Two years ago I came short of hfty, ami had no straw, though I have had five head of homes. I bought n stack of wheat straw (bh straw is very cheap in this county, and I commenced feeding in Novcmlier. Igavt my horses a little at a time, just what they would eat clean, and no mure. In the morning I would give them four or five ears of corn; twt and three-year-old colts I gave two ears apiece. At noon 1 fed them straw alone, and at night the same as in the morning. 1 continued m that manner all through tne winter, and inv horses came out better in the Bpring than when I fed ou hay. They did so much latter that 1 concluded to try it again this laat winter. It so happened that my hay crop was a failure, and 1 bought four or five KU1B or wneat straw ui my neigninti, paying for the lot; it was not the bcBt of straw either, hut I put it in my barn, and fed as usual just what the horses would eat clean. The result was my horses came out in tho spring in good working order, and a great deal more lively on tho road than when I fed liny. So 1 wintered my five head of horses on seven dollars' worth of straw, with what little corn I fed morning and night. The tact is, tarmers in. this country ao not appreciate the value ot straw, it is now con sidered by mnny as only fit for use in bedding stock. In'the first place, our farmenjths lete rain get dead ripe MI Oft they cut it, and then ct it remain in tlie shock till almost spoiled. when no animal will eat it up clean; and of course it is left for cattle to eat what they will. and tun upon the rest, amounting to nothing xcept to scatter over tfie ground as fertilizing matter. (iraiu of all kinds should be cut when it is a little green; there is always nourishing matter enough in the stra'V to ripen it out then, and the straw itseii is lar Detter lor leeiung pur- rises. If I hail my barn full of the best of hay, would feed my straw to my horseB in prefer ence, reserving the hay for my milch cows. Farmers are slow in getting out of the old track; they seem to be dilatory in trying ex periments, thinking the old-iashioned way oi feeding ia the only method. If farmers would take more nains in Bavinc the straw, and feed ing it judiciously, they would be able to feed double the stock they do now, and show better condition and results in the spring, Another common mistake is to think that the racks must be kupt full of hay at all times fur horses. Now, my experience ib thathorBca will not do so well stufled with hay aa they will to have a certain amount fed to them three timesa day. It is not the great amount you want fed, but the regularity of feeding. Feed your horsei as regularly as the human family is fed, and they will always be ready for business. Every farmer should have a straw-cutter, so they can cut the straw and make it available, in place of feeding corn in the ear. From a favorable ex- KTience m the past 1 shall pursue this pian lereafter. haviiio inv manuei-a an made that I can feed the horses half a bushel of cut straw, mixed with a little bran and shorts, or oats and com, ground together, feeding three times Uy. Horses like such feed lietter than in any other form, but one must be careful not to maka it too rich in the first start, or the animal will get cloyed on it. One quart of meal to begin with, and feeding regularly on this syBtem will give an astonishing improvement, and in a very short time. It costs a good deal to keep up a pair of horses through the year the way they are usually kept, and every farmer should o all the economy mssible, as by bo doing they an make a great saving in keeping stocK. Siatisth s ok Houses. The numbered" horsei in the various countries of the European conti nent and in the Cuited States bos liccn esti mated as follows: InltuBsia, 16 lt.0,000; North America, 'l.-s-M.-.tMl; Oermanv,3,XrC,'J.(l; Britain, -',7!Ml,s:il ; France, 2,742,738; Auitro Huugary, :i,5(iil,4:U (of which 2,1711,811 helonB to Hungary); Italy, t57,544; Norway and Sweden. fi.Vi i.MJ. Snail. :ts- (KH)! Denmark, 216,070 liclgium, 272,li;:i; Holland, 20,U5; Switzerland, lOO.'XW; Oreece, 98,138; Portugal, 7&618 making a total in the countries men tioned of 40,854,840. The proportion of hones to each thousand of the population ia 227.0 in tSUaeu; J44. lt in America; 177.00 in i mart! 146.99 in Hungary; 114.88 in Sweden! 86.10 in ircat Britain; 81. M in (iennany, ana is.Jo only in rortugal. I dot' wary .wore. To Cook Boo Plant. Every summer there are uuuiriea about cooking this vegetable, which appeara to be nnw to many. Slice tha fruit croaawiae, about a half inch thick; p1 ami eUck up with a apriukling ol salt between the slicea; put a plate with a weight (a flat-iroe will auBwer) on ton, or lay the alices in atroag salt and water. The object in either case U P remove a slight bitterneaa. At the end of tB hours, dry the slice on a cloth and dip in nttjj batter of egga ami tluur, and fry to a hg brown. Instead of the hatter, dip tint beaten egga and then in cracker powder. hot. pREsxtiVATioN or I.imk Jcu't. Lime lemon juice may be preserved as follows : He the juice, to cuagulate atbuminoua matters, and then sweeten with pure glycerine. The pfM eenne will not only retard turgid growths, be prevent the juice from freexing even during coldest winters.