September.
THE WEST SHORE
GLASS VESSELS IN THE DAIRY.
H. L. Shields, of Bennington countv, Ver
mont, gives the Country GaOtma the'follow
ing account of his experience, which is at least
oTel and interesting; Fur some years past I
have been much interested in the milk ami but
ter question. Having MUM good Jersey cows
(thorough ami half-bred), sweet mountain pas
ture, abundance of cold spring water, a
food dry milk-room above ground and an ex
cellent cellar, 1 determined to experiment until
I found the best means of producing butter of
the finest quality. I tried shallow open pans,
and deep cans, in air and in water, in the milk
room and in the cellar, but round objections to
all. Cream rises rapidly to the surface from
milk set in shallow pant, aad dry, cool atinos
phere, but the milk MOD sours, ami the greatei
surface of cream ex(osed, the more flies and
peeks to be removed. Again, too much room
is required to set the pans, and too much pan
waslmig and ainug tor comfort. Deep cans
produco perceptibly no more cream for the
amount of milk set than shallow pans, ami if
they did, the increased ditliculty of skimming
the deep cans balances the gain. If cans or
pans are set uncovered, in running water, thev
are liable to the same insect annoyance. If
eovered by wire or other gauze, time, space
and cost make this course unavailable prac
tically. In my cellar the thermometer indicates ,"8' to
4" in the hot months, but the dampness or
some other (cellar) cause allows the cream to
riae very slowly. The insect trouble also ex
ists there partially, and cream has a tendency
to absorb odors, and tastes of everything emit
ting smell even to the dampness of the cellar
itself. Refrigerators, to hold the cans, will not
obviate all these troubles. They are not air
tight, and are generally kept in eellars, K-sides
being costly in themselves and in the ieo they
sonsume. Much less would it answer to keep
running water iced down to the temperature
f 40J.
I concluded that vessels of convenient size
and shape, constructed of
material impervious to all
Atmospheric influences save
those of temperature, would
be most lilted for setting
milk. 1 accordingly had some
large glass jars made, so con
structed as to give the great
est strength, with wide
mouths into which are fitted
air and water-tight corks.
The jars are about eight and
a half by seventeen inches,
for protection and facility
in handlim;, they are place
in pairs iu crates, resembling
peach crates. The milk is
strained directly into jars,
above ground, to avoid any
damp cellnr air heng ileft in
them. The mouths are closed,
air and water tight, by the
orks, and the jars are then
put, bottom side up, into the
water, the hinged lid of w hich
is then closed and fastened,
and set into the coldest
available place in hot and
warm, or cold weather on
the cellar tloor, iu the water
box, or the crates may I"'
hitched to the bucket-chain
and lowered into the we
lor any desired length i
time. In these jars milk wi
be sweet after setting 24 to
36 hours, and is drawn oil'
from beneath the cream by a
mall tube or a siphon, thus
avoiding alt skimming. For
churning, I first used a rec
tangular box, with arevolving
dash of certain construc
tion. It churned well, but
took too lone to cleanse after
wards. 1 tried the old earthen
ware dash chum, which was
good, but alow, liable to breakage, difficult to
scrape out and ventilate, and requiring ton much
muscle. Then we used the semi -barrel-snap!
wood churn, with revolving dash, but found the
same trouble that all wood churns must have
ditliculty in keeping sweet and clean, and splin
tering when scraping. Now I use a glass
thurn. It consists of two, four or six of the
before-named large glass jars, set upright in a
partitioned, recUngular DOT, resting and re
volving on an axle, and set on a light frame
about three feet high. The jars are not quite
filled witli cream, the corks put tightly into the
mouths of the jars, the hingod-lid closed and
fastenod, and the box is then revolved by a
rank at the end of the axle.
I find that this churn can le operated with
the smallest force, if prowrly balanced: that in
revolving, all the cream is thoroughly and
equally shaken by its dashing against the top,
bottom and aides of the jars; that the moment
the butter comes, it can lw seen through th
glass, and the buttermilk (toured off; that the
butter can le washed in the jar, or van readily
be emptied out for working, as the opening is
ample; that any butter adhering to the sides or
Iwttom can be easily scraed otf without risk of
splinters: that the jars can then be rapidly and
thoroughly washed, and it can he seen that
they are clean; that there are no joints, comers,
metal or wood gears, or cogs to clean; that it
admits of thorough airing and soon drying; that
being barrel-shaped and arched at top, bottom
and sides, it is strong in form, and can only be
broken wilfully, or through great carelessness
in the use of hot and cold water; that the
cream can be tempered alike, and to any degree,
by setting the jars in a tub of hot or cold water;
that it is durable, not liable to get out of order,
and cheaper, I think, than any churn made.
If as many, or more desirable points exist in
any other mode of setting milk and making
butter. 1 should be pleased to know of them.
BrBurrrt, the funny man of the Burlington
Havkftft, is as noted at home for his tender
aare of a sick wife as he is for his original itiea.
11
GIVE THE GIRIS A CHANCE
Yes, we repeat it, give the girls a chance;
and we will tell you what we mean by it We
mean, give them a chance to learn all kinds of
housework, from the dusting of the grand piano
iu the luxuriously furnished parlor to the
cooking of meat and potatoes and washing of
dishes; and we warrant you they will be willing
andglod to do it, too. What if they do spoil
the first man) they attempt to cook ? Tell them
to try it over, and encourage them to jierscvere.
Fear of ridicule keeps many a girl from learning
housework. We havo often stepped into a
house and found the daughter thrumming on the
piano, or engaged with some fancy work, while
the mother was cooking or washing. Now a
great many persons would have exclaimed,
"What a buy, good-for-nothing girl, playing the
piano while her mother is at work," but we did
not. We have found out the cam of this, .aud,
in nine cases out of ten, it was the mother's
fault. She would not allow her daughter to
help her, and, when asked her reasons, her
answer lias invariably been : "Oh! she is more
of a hindrance than a help; she only musses
and wastes." Now, who could expect a girl to
do anything else but muss and waste, when she
has never been shown bow to do anything?
Would not wo think a person insane who required
a child to sit down at a piano or organ and
execute the most brilliant and dilticnlt music,
without any previous tenching? Most assuredly
we would ; yet the idea would not be any more
ridiculous than to expect a young ami inex
perienced girl to go down to the kitchen and
prepare an excellent dinner in the same style
and time that an old and experienced cook
would.
Wo do not think it any kindness on the
mother's part to keep a girl in ignorance of the
ditlereut kinds of housework. This is one place
where ignorance is not bliBB. What will the
noor girl do when she has a house of her own ?
It will then be ten timed harder for her to learn
than it would have been at home, under the
WBRD SEEH ON THE WATERS.
A theme for essayists has been the intluence
of rivers on civilization. It is a grand subject
for the student of history, for he has many
facta to weave into his theories of the spread of
conquest, of arts, and of ideas, up and down
the navigable streams. Ours is a ditlerent
task; for although the rivers carry conqucriug
heroes, and pioneers, and traders, and mission
aries, they are none the less freighted with mi
nute seeds aud germs of life, which, falling upon
the moving current far up amid the wilds,
are tossed at last npOO. fertile meadows, there
to reproduce the noxioua growths from which
they sprang. Thus not only weed seed but
pi ant-destroying insects are disseminated. Thus
the rivers, which bring life-giving water, often
bring evils upon its flow.
As with torrents so with rills; light burdens are
faithfully delivered, and the brook aud the
rivulet In'ooiiies a thoroughfare for weed seed as
well as the mighty river. The tall rank w eeds
Wside Uie stream continually nod their salute to
passing water, and when their seeds an- ripe,
sprinkle the passing flood with them. Where
ever this water goes, there goes the tiny prom
ise of a weed. Whether it le bttwOOQ the
rows of vines or trees, or garden growths, or
whether the water spread in Matte flow over
ihe growing grain or pasture plants in every
place it lays down its burden, where its own
inherent energy will call upon it to rise again,
Weeds growing by the roadside, weeds growing
by the railway trck these are dangers great
and sure reservoirs of weed seed enough to
stock the neighborhood; but weeds beside the
running streams are surer of securing rapid
transit for their seed ami safer deposition of it.
The Biiggestiou is to keep these fertile river
banks clear of evil growths, to guard well the
ripening of the seed in every noxious plant
which springs into life beside them. In many
a IsaWalillnl
; FOR
A HOME MADE KRAMr
guidanco of her mother. Even if she Bhould be
so situated as to have servants, it would )ki
letter for her to understand the mysteries of
the kitchen. Besides, fortune is tickle, and we
have no assurance that we will always lie sur
rounded by the wealth we may have at present.
We may have every luxury to-day, and
to-morrow DO poor. 1 apeal to the mothers of
our land to teach their daughters all kinds of
housework, for their own happiness, and the
happiness of future generations. -Moff Myrtir,
in rural PftH,
FIELD STACKING.
Stekkaok Dux -Each emigrant has a con
tract ticket which stipulates for his transpor
tation to New York in consideration of four,
five or six guineas, according to the current rate
of fare. The company engages to provide a full
supply of wholesome provisions, cooked and
served by it steward, and the passenger is re
quired to provide himsulf with bedding and
cooking utensils. The weekly allowance of
food for each adult is prescriheu by the govern
ment and printed on the contract ticket as fol
lows: "Tweutv-one otiarts of water. thnw anil
a half pounds of bread, one pound of wheaten
Hour, one jHiund and a half of oatmeal, nee
anil peas, two pounds of potatoes, one and a
quarter pounds of beef, one pound of pork, two
ounces of tea, one pound of sugar, two ounces
of salt, pepjier, mustard and vinegar." filter.
Tux Chicago Journal asks in a towering rage
"Shall we as American citixens pay for thumbs
by the pint and (mart and not get them?" If
they are measured in your berries you ought to
bare them.
SiUKKsnuM asked "what's in a name?"
We can't always tall, bat some of the Eastern
names hare two alphabets in them.
() of onr pious exchangee tells as "there is
no balm in Gilead that will soothe the spot
whereon a bumble bee has sat down."
parts it will require no little work to accom
plish the desirable result, but by all means do
not neglect an effort now which w ill save a hun
dred tunes the lalior in a year or two to come.
In all countries wheru irrigation has lieeu
practiced has this evil of weed sited distribu
tion to be met. In Colorado the evil is well
uuder way. A farmer riding along thu I'latte
and Bear valleys sees the danger of the dwellers,
and writes these words of caution and advice
to the farmer: " The irrigating ditches are lined
on lioth sides with noxious woods, which im
pregnate the water with seed to that extent
which makes a ranch usuitf water from them so
weedy that it is imssible to keep the ground
clean and in good condition for grains or other
crops, Kvtm meadows are made weedy yearly
by this inlliix of fresh weed seed. The altuvo
condition arises from the fact that the banks of
a ditch cannot Is mown with a machine; that
the moisture found there is especially produc
tive of vegetation, and the annual vanetiea of
plant are proiiairated by the current, which
J deposits the seed wherever it flows. To pre
vent mis, trees snotim ihi pianui wtiera tney
would shade the lianks of the ditch, especially
wherever a mowing machine, cannot ojwrate.
Of course there are exceptions and cases in
which the ditch is beat kept free from tree
growths, but in others there are decided advan
tages in the planting of trees. Not only will
their shade prevent the ripening of seed in
whatever weeds insist upon a sickly lifu, but
in dairy pastures the trees will serve a useful
purpose in giving the cows a cool ruminating spot,
and their frequent visitations will in turn give
the ditch bank the smoothness and hardneasof a
floor, unless it he in earth of treacherous char
acter where the tread ol animals would destroy
the banki and tread the lied into a slough hole,
and thus iiiqmdc the progress of the water.
Though counsel for trees would lie of special ap
plication, there is do exception in the wisdom
uf keeping the banks clean of foul weeds, in
whatever way it may be beat accomplished.
As to the carnam- of insect bv minimi .1. r
nearly every one, doubtlesa, has instances in his
own mind. Who has not seen the little voy
agers sailing along on chips or rubbish, careless
of the length of their passsM, having little fear
of the great ocean beyond, but fully confident
that their vessel will be stranded near some
fruitful fields! In a letter from Chili we read
as follows concerning insects and irrigation
ditches: " Insects also float down the running
streams and ltccomc scattered over the land;
and iu reference to this, the alfalfa stalk is gen
erally covered with a minute black insect, aud
when this plant is irrigated thev ant often
washed Into the canal and form" long black
streaks on the side that at first sight would
apjiear to be soot, but in thrusting a stick
into then midst and drawing it out, it will te
found covered with this vermin, so destructive
to vegetables."
Thus it will be well to rememWr that onr
brooks may bring us evil with the good; and
though there may le some visitations it will be
hard to guard against, there are others which
may 1 avoided by attention and thorough
work.
STACKING THE STRAW.
Although it is late to think of new arrange
ments for stacking either hay or straw from this
harvest, it will DO well to make a point that it
worth bearing iu mind and preparing for next
year's use.
We hear of the use of a now stacking frame
among the farmers on the prairies a frame
which any one or any one's carpenter can make,
for the inventor gives his right to any one who
wants to use the apparatus and has not (tat.
anted it. Our engraving shows this frame. The
sketch was made for the tj, S. Wind Engine
ami Pnmptni Company, of Batavia, Illinois.
This OOtDpany, finding there was a demand for
the new style of stacking frame, undertook the
manufacture of the iron parts of the arrange
ment, and they have an anti-friction carrier,
which carries the fork and its load in a most
satnoactory manner.
There are several advan
tages in stacking with a ma
chine like that shown in tho
engraving. Hay stacked in
the flOld by the use of carrier
and frame will keep hotter.
The hay is all tapped iu the
middle of the stack, and tho
middle Incomes packed hard
while tho outeido remains
loOsa, When the stack set
tles, tho middle remains the
highest, and it sheds water.
The stack is not so likely to
lean, as there is no occasion
for tramping on tho outside
of it. In every respect it fa
cilitates work and does it in a
more workmanlike manner.
That the frame is very easy
to make ami very cheap can
lw Been from the following
description of tho necessary
parts. Tim frame for ricking
iu the field should be about W
feet high, the pairs of posts
Bhould Ih attout 8 feet apart
at the ton ami 1H feet aart
at the liottom, and well
braced. The following pieces
Of limber Will lie needed, or
poles can lie used: 7 pieces
4X090 feet; 8 pieces lx4xlfl
feet; I piece 'JxHilttt I piece
BxlwdB foot Track ia put
on to txe, as in tracking bam.
The 8x4 in nailed 00 the side
Of the gflfi. The timbers
should Iki halved and liolted
or framed together and well
braced as shown.
From the workmanlike
HUM which the frame shows
ami the many teBtimonials
wiucn we have heard of ite
usefulness, we have no doubt
it will prove a help to some of our farmers as well
m to their conquers in the Prairie States. If any
reader should wish to make inquiry concerning
the iron fittings and other details of construc
tion, we doubt not the company named ftbofl
will Ik pleased to furnish the information.
iNFoitMvnoN About Womkn' Wom,
Women who are engaged in trades, professions,
literary, educational, philanthropic, or religious
work, or in any kind of industrial occupation,
and who would help to hasten thu solution of
the "Woman Question," will pleaae write con
cerning their success during the past year to
Frances E. Wiltard, Evanston, 111. This re
quest is ni.fi.- for tho purpose of securing all
DOOsibM information relating, to what women
have attempted iu the way of self -support, or aa
a beneficent vocation, lelioving that tho infor
mation will bt Of prai tiial value, and will serve
as an incitement to more earnest work. Miss
Willard ia Vic-Bresident for Illinois of the
Woman's Congress, which holds its annual
aesaion in Cleveland, October 10th, Ilth and
I'ith, at which time rejKirte are to be given by
the Vice Presidents concerning the States they
represent.
Ax Iowa youth tried to take, borne a widow
and three swarms of bees at one load. He and
the widow walked -it was so pleasant, you
know.
It Is said that the Nex I'erceetook their stylo
of ringing the uose from awing the hook so
often in a salmou' noee. We thought they
usually BNtared salmon and hooked hones.
Memory is the cabinet uf imagination, the
treasury of reason, the registry of conscience,
and the council-chamber of thought, faille.
MEMOKr is the treasure -house of the mind,
wherein the monuments: thereof an kept and
and preserved. rVfr.
Kkulanu has put up a potato bug notice. If
he lauds on British shores be will be treated aa