February
120
THE WEST SHORE
ON MfNKHAL VEINS.
Wi; (tad iii the proceedings of a late meeting
of the London Geological Society, a diHcns-
tan on mtaiflU win" opened by W, Morgan:
He m imtainod that HO one. tlieory can Iid ac
cepted i" oxptanUon of the formation of mta-
oral retlU), U( that whilst in MOU cases their
formation m.iy be due to the presence of pre
existent fissure Indaood by shifting ol the con
taining rook, iii other any niofa explanation in
insufficient u ha thought the means by which
the tides of such fissures wen: kept apart could
not he Mffly indicated. The point upon which
he BtpeoUlly i moated in connection with thin
qttMtion WM the presence of "horses'' in many
mineral veins. Ha advocated the view that the
walls of ratal were iii oloM proximity in their
earliest stage, ami that the enlargement ami in
filling of the velrta took plaoe simultaneously,
by the segregation of materials darirad from the
a.ljaoei.t roeh, supplemented, bernapr, by n
tension, or tendency to separation, oatued by
nlow contraction of the latter. Instead of a fi
mire ha assumed the presence of an irregular sur
face of laaat resistance, or of electrical action,
at which the vein matter might collect at timt
an a mere Rim. In thin way. ha thought, the
vein might increase, nml its walls might recede,
limply by the aggregation of the vein matter it
eelf, and in general proportion to the degree of
mineral Maturation nt the adjacent rocks.
Professor Ramaay mid lie waa startled, but
not terrified, by this new view of the formation
of mineral win, ami cKiicciiilly by the implied
auntiosittau that the rocks on either ildaof a
mineral vein ware in a 1cm oonaolldatad atata
when tin' ruin wan Formed than at the preaent
time; but at the same time, considering that no
niiuiv vriii- .or ti !' t uin I iii iii-M tHitf . win !i
had not only been consolidated, hut bad already
nndanmne inataraorphlfm, producing I t y
cleavage ai, indued, had Ihtii mentioned by the
author), ln-foro the fonmition of tint veins C
tahted In them, he could not altogether accent
the new notion. He remarked that jointa in
rock s, especially limestones, are always per
meable bV water, ami hy this mrami fissure
joint may be anally widened. Hematite, at is
well known, Ilea in great water-worn lissures
andoavumi in the carbontforoue llmaatonaof
on th Laucaahirei but with ataty rock he
thought tie- i H-e may In- eiv lill.ieut. lie re
ferred t the arraiigaraant of mineral in veina
in MpportOl the vu-w thattlicirdeimsition took
nlace in oien liioiie; ami coiisMlcring tiro ho
lidity hi the rock before the formation of min
end value, it teemed to him iliihcult to im
acme how these imniumie masses eon hi be
piMlieil mule, a they must be, by I he format ion
of email vetaata tlie manner suggeated by the
author.
I'rofoisor Hughes mentioned cases in which
protuberances hail hehl rock face apart during
movements, as r. ;;. on n imall wale, where
worm track on the lace of a ( 'nnibriiin rock had
given rue to a kind of oreg ami-tail during
movenienU producing illckanaiilea along the bed
on winch tnay occurred, (hi a targe icale, a
f. ij. in the Via Mala in the Alp, wavy liure
mi.dit ba men ranutag down the aide of the
prccipie-; and obviously, when displacement
took place along luoh crack, the two lldce
mid not be in ootttact along their w hole length,
until the protuberance! had all beau ground
down, forming what he called "fault broccin."
He thought tlie manner of occurrence and alter
atioui of varimi mineral! showed that they had
Iwen formed by uryatellliation nloug uopeuive
layvrs on caii wall of the (UfUre, tin' growth of
the crystal being nutwarda from the walls, and
each new layer having the impress of that on
which H wm thrown down.
LtVajtHIMH ON I'l tha-Nki'iimav 1'iam:in.
After a long continued labor Leverrier has at
length, w ith ttm theory of Kaptuueand tJranne,
ootnnlated the study of all the inembere of
the BOUT lyaam, ills chief object was to de
cida tto queatlon whether there i an ultra-
Neptanlan planet) which might be detected, aa
Neptune w.i. by the pertnrb.,tlons produced by
it en i;iuets alrealy known. 'The c iiielusion is
negative; there it nothing Indicating the cit
ettoa of A body outaldi m Naptuua Now that
here is nothing to be hoped tor in the way of
diivcry at the outer bound aries of the solar
yateu, era preenma Laverriar will devote him
self to finding the intra-Mercurial planet or
planets, in wh.isu existence he still ha. unshaken
Ulcf,
As ArMoariiMio LocoMorm Knimuk. An
ittnoanharei loootnotire engine, uaaigned by
Miuiir beaumnnt, Koyal RngTneera, has bean on
trial at VVoolwiub ateanal for some time past,
and appeal likely to in attended with success.
1'he app.tt .to. DOnaltte ol a large tiniubi-r ol
elongated oyUndara about 70 In alt piled to
gether in an uhUonj atack, aneh cylinder being
some lour HieheA in diameter ali.iiit i fivt
ill length. Mounted on an oidoiarv truck, and
by the ordinary crank air moment, the c
prewe t air Mtorvd in the cylinders has twn
found to airereiaa power snilieicnt to draw
liglit lo.nl for a considerable, diitanee, snd t
keen inapaed for along tune before requiring
to repiantanoaa
Tur Ijkiuo Momi'mrt The sum of 110,
tmi atarki (about 198,000) baring bean collected
hr the 1 lug memorial, tlie coinunttef has gfl
efcUdtoi ear the aubaoriptiitn lit. A downs-
sioti ah ul tho iteof thx Bffojeoted iiionunieut
h.M arisen between the nval (Himmiltms of lie
BM ami Muuicli, tlie former cliimm: the statue
on tliu gnuiud that trout kbajf imiveimty l.iebig's
fame tint issued to the world; the letter because
their city was stiliMxpiviitly the MtM of Ins la
bore. It lis Ixh'ii raatlveal thst both towns
sh,Ul :. .m similar motuortal, and that lltrste
hall baca : in bixutati, tha amej oullvul uf
nehtg t eorec tbe ipuf ol Uth.
KtWTKtr t'l.osKS IM I' A hi" Per nukiug
the four eUvtrio timekeeiter which the city
Parti inU'tid to rffi'l, lo names bare alrvady
Iwn eiileiv.1 'Pie euiuK-IHioii will c!umi on
V(.riuWr ;ttHli. IH7T. Toe four cUki tiually
elivtl will U Uwight hv the cilv of Paris at
C-.VI Hah riirve priw. lltO, tsil. Aa, f0,
will Uallowist nuptctnely in addition for the
tiux-s- beat clock.
WOMEN AN 1 1 THK PliKSlDENTIAL
QUKSTION'.
"Out of woman sphere,"' is it? I-k at the
pili-M of newspapers on onr sitting-room tables
tor family reading. Their column are tilled
with exciting political eorrespouilence; reiiort-i
of investiuatini; oonunitteee ; and a perfect
avalanche of prophecy, explauatkm, threats and
counter threats, that have made'their way, un- j
questioned ami iinhesitJiting, into the sacred i
precinct of woman's sphure.
The "gods" must be preparing for an nimsu- '
ally destructive foray, for the great mas of the 1
body politic seem to have been "made mad'' !
so mad that only aroodan women could poaalbly
remain indifferent to the political involvements I
of onr Preaidential election. Indeed, why
snouni We tsj less alive to tn political struggle
of IS7I1 than to those of I77i, which are held
up to us as legitimate cause for womanly pride
and rejoicing?
Demoralising la it: It govegnnient is ol tlod,
it is mei'i's fault if in the exercise, of its func
tion they are not brought into closer sympathy
with Him and ennobled! If only God had put
man at enmity with the lerpeut a He did
woman, it might have been good for the world
that he should be alone in it government.
Poaalbly as woman had proved her power I"
win man to evil, flod thought by putting her
at enmity w ith the author of evil she might !
trusted to win him to the g 1 which she hud
learned at so great cost, not calculating that
man would discard her a hi heln;r; or fore
seeing that if he did so, hi necessities and her
Insistence would eventually re-instate her co
Miscor ami co-nvereign with him out all the
earth. Who can say? That women have an
irrepressible inclination to catch Imld of the
"reform" budget somewhere and give it a lift in
in evidence. Kvcii the black women of the
south, as we learn from imgrcssinnal investi
gations, have been practicing the intimidation
policy on their Democratic huebanda to control
the procidentia! vote. The modee operaWfia
not stated, only that the men "were afraid of
their wive.'' Doing in the direet line of
deaeent from old Adam, theft black voter may
1e excused for dodging behind their Kvea. Hut
it reminded me of a negative vote cast in
Vermont m I8.V2 by a farmere wife. She
paired off with her husband by putting a cellar
floor between them. After coaxing him in vain
to cant 11 "no license" vote, a her representative,
she got him down cellar utter potatoea lor "nn
early dinner," anil seating herself on the trap
door kept him there till too late for a six-mile
rule to hi voting precinct. C-outrary to the
prediction of peace-loving men - in cae of a
''divided vote' of marrieu parties - there was
no trouble in that family. I'-eing a good Demo
crat and having had t to "master the situa
tion," Im told us a good joke, "how hi wi e
vii ed the temp ranee ticket" - .Vw. ''. . .
Srhnh,
8TEBL BXPRBlHBRTfi IN &UB8IA,
An Knglish paper say Unit it i proverbial in
BhefBeld, and other centers of steet production
and manipulation! that much remains to he
learned in relation to that material. There arc.
in i n t. phenomena and cculiftritic obaarrnbla
about it, while ui prooeaa of conrereion ami re
Uhementi which hafllu the judgment of the
moal practiced operator! to understand. The
same result hy no mean follow the same modes
n treating I teel in it geatatory tnges; and the
hot maker fieclv admit that they cannot guar
antee to supply, in continuity, steel of uniform
gram and texiure. In tlie midst of this uncer
tainty a Ituaitan experimenter on stout, Mr.
Chernotr, lias published lately, at Nt. Peters
burg, a pamphlet on tliu w hole stibjoot. The
author atatea that "if ateel meltesl in a cruci
ble is constantly kept in violent agitation while
cooling agitation violent enough to keep all it
partiele in motion then UiecoM ingot produced
ill li.ive a very Inn Iv ervtalli.iil structure:
if, on the other hand, the steel is allowed to cool
in perfect quiet, then the resulting easting will
omsit of lare, w ell-devcloiel crystals. Tho
appearance Of these crystal, and generally tho
ti'iuleiicy to crystallie muter such circnmstau
oaa, will depend on the purity of the steel."
Starling from this teniarkaMe, hut apHiroiitly
well established baae, Mr. ChernotV condndi's
that UqnM steel really obeye the laws which reg
ulate the oryatalllaation ol tlnids. It i probable
that chemists, at least, will agree to the truth
of this deduction, for they know that if they
wish to obtain crystals from a solution, the lat
ter must Ixi kept in perfect ipiiet. The author
of the pamphlet asserts, too, that ill the course
of In long-continued axparunenta he baa di?-
DOrered thai iteeli when heated above a certain
tamperatnra, aa to a dark cherry red loaaa its
crystalline structure and Isvonms amorphous.
If, again, from this point it be allowed to cool
uudisturttsvt, it will Income once more crystal
line, unless it lie hammered during the evolve
Bent of heat from it, when its fracture will ex
hibit lU amorphous tendencies once mora, anil
preaaiU a line silky texture.
BUOTIK UOHTiaO. lUiuilrr J(tnni( vn,
thai a new electro iii.ignelic lighting instruiiieiit
has tweutly Iweu described by M HtM. It
consists of a chromic avid element. small in
duction cod, and 4 esl eonUuinig a mixture
of alcohol and sulphuric ether. The pressure .if
a knob puts iliu sjiic of the element in eonteet
with the Uqeid, Slid the amdl llidnclioii sparks
intUiuc initanlaaeoaalj the repeta of ether lib
arneaVl freej a sponge, laeh hs i'-. n dipp.-.! m
the mixtuiv of al.ohol and etlu-r. According
to the tarentof, tin lajlmajaajl has the .vlvan
tago of Uvsting a long time without requiring
any atUutiou.
A hjnu fflW Mtru. - IVf. 5. A. Kiv
ing, o( the t'niwrsi y of lVnnsytvn art
OaUsejaa that he has rrasou to susect the ttiat
cues" of nw tnetallic clement in a miner.il re
seuibluift aahcfhunita, rHvnrnug at Magnet
QV Arssusas. In mi eiautuiKtion of this
miner!, h ohuincil, iiiiteail of tiUmc acid, s
mhile nxine winch ilifferwl very defldeslly freen
the former. He is .lishvsil to rvitunl this cir
cutn st an co it vtiutuig most prsihobly ! the m
; ' ; of a uew muul in the mineral tu i)es-
ON DltAFT.
Almost any K.-n.on, after a judicious
perns il of the following article, can by standing
on any of our public tTmroughfares for a Jew
minutes convince himself ol it truth. W ith
the harneae commonly in nee it, ia by mere ac
cident that the draft u in ita prair place. If
the draft i too high the collar rises and presses
ag;imt the wind-pipe llow ami against the
prominent doraaL"ertebrw in front of the shoul
der tin- neck being raided curves the vertebra
of the back, making it hollow, which detracts
very much from the power, beoauec in curving the
back and raising the whole front in a degree pre
vents him from using his front feet as lie would
do, but on the i trary, force undue bearing
mi the hind. High draft is the parent of the
numeroui detect in tin- nimi reei aim in
When the draft is too low we have an opposite
result, the top of the collar leans forward and
preaiea againat the crest of the neck, forcing the
head down and racing the lumbar vcrtebr.e. or
back over the loins, thus throwing all the bur
den on the front feet, the most prolific source of
producing serious disease in these uieiiiliers.
Plaoe the draft so that the whole vertebra- are
kept free from unnatural eiirvis. strains or
lai.i, and vnn enal.lcthe horse to Use hi whole
strength without injury to himself, iii speed or
otherwiee. Were the draft properly adjnated.
m ih Hlld not tee an many horses hobbling and
swaying along in pain, unable to bear up under
tin- task, which should be easy, and a constant
object Of pity to those intelligent enough to de
tect the cause.
The rim of the oollar should follow as close on
tKJssilde the form of the m-ck. and should not
be pliable, but firm, so aa to retain it proper
shajie under the strain of heavy draft. With a
loose fitting collar, with the draft attached to
the outside of the name, over the outside
point of the shoulder, concentrating the labor
upon that point, is something like a man at
tempting to litt a great Welglit Willi a sieliuer
nolo on the iioiut of his shoulder. Cab and
eoacli Horses sillier llie w, a Ulcy oraw ine
heaviest burdens at the most rapid rate and
their hamee are the least adapted to steadiness
in their work, and are conseipieiitly the prolitic
cause of interfering, etc.
Those who understand the formation of a
horse will readily see the itit aimed at in these
remark, w hich is lirst, toOOOUomixe his strength,
secondly. U save bis feet and leg as much a
possible from all the evils domestication make
him heir to, and thirdly, to prevent his struc
ture from being malformed, aa W6 80 often see
him. through liciug improperly harnessed. The
structure of the horse is just as susceptible of
change .is i-. the human form. The ihoeniaker
turn in a man's toes and knees, while the tailor
turns hi out, and to on among the craft, from
the fashionable to the rustic. As all the parts
bear a certain proportion and degree of harmony
to each other, the back Isme and other cervical
should act in perfect unison and ease, the
aaier un," more powerful are the horse actions:
but with a wiggling, twisting, swaying motion,
the consequence ol irregular attachment, he i
sure to strike his fetlock or knees at some time
or other on roncli surfaces, such a cobble
stones, etc. In order to prevent this the draft
should W on the inside of thu ham OK, which
would give increased power ami steadiness to
tlie horse, hinul I'rt-v.
Ni:w Akhial Machinx, Kxperimenhi were
made recently at Chatham, on the QfCat bines,
with an invention ot ( aptain M. 1. Hale, !i. a.,
w ho is Secretary of the Royal Riutaeer Com
mittee. The invention is a new aerial machine,
to be used for discovering the position, etc., of
an enemy' camp at night. The machine con
aits of alight framework coy. red with loose
canvas, which becomes filled with air. and tlni-.
the machine is kept ntloat. When at a proner
bight a parachute provided with tire-ball-, is
lit nil the line huMllit; the in ielni ;iu.:. mi
reaching the machine, tho parachute explodes,
and the lire-balls are discharged, and thus the
surrounding country is lighted up for a consid
erable distance, and the position of an army
Would Ik- show n. The trials proved very satis
factory, in spite of the b;id wcathir which prc
VBiled) and further experiments will made
under more favorable circumstances. '1 ho trials
were made in the presence of Major Maquay,
instructor in lield fortiticatimis, and many other
engineer OCOcere.
lvt rOH .v MAM. -A curious set of experi
ments made in France developed seine interest
ing fact in regard to the greatest avenge load
for a man of great strength to carry a short dis
tance. This was found to W :t'.) jmunds; all a
man cm carry habitually, as for example, a sol-
oicr ms KiiapsacK, walking on level ground, ts I.TJ
isiiiud, jail extrentl load it would seem,) or he
can carry an aggregate of I, o!8 pounds over.'l,'M0
eet aa a aay a work, under like circumstances.
If he ascend ladder or stairs, as do bod carriers,
then he can carry but 131 siunds OOnttaoOOaly,
ami bis day's work cannot exceed l.'-Vl.' pounds
raised ;t,:tOil feet high. With regard to the
ecTurt and the velocity with which a man can
produce by milting or noahlna with his arms it
has U-. ii nuind hv these experiment that, under
w most laxoranie cir iimstances, unit tor con
tinuous work, an ellect cannot bja gainwl ex
ceeding from ';. t to S3 ponnda rai-w.1 fnun l.S
to 1.3 feat par S1S.1UH1, or about one-eighth-horse
power.
B0T8.
Prof. C. V. Riley gives the following essay on
hots, those grievous pests uf the stock grower:
Almost all cloven-footed animalu, ami many
other herbiverous species, are infested with
bots. These are legless grulw which fall into
three categories: 1. Gastric, or those which are
swallowed by the animal infested, and which
lie.. In the stomach in a bath ot chyle.
Cervical, or those which crawl up the nostrils
and inhabit the frontal smuw. A. i.litmieouB,
or those which dwell in tumor juat Iwneath the
skin. They are all the larva- or early state of
two-winged Hies (dipteral belonging to the family
adrida, characterized by having the mouth
parts entirely olwolete, and pOpttUrly called gad
tlie or hot rW In the first serion, of which
the horse hot ftroltilus ritti is the most
familiar example, the eggs are attached by the
female fly to the hairs of the lsaly, ami prin
cipally on those parti of the Uidy withhl cosy
reach of the animal's mouth. The egg opens
with a hd, and the young maggot upon hatch
ing clings to the tongM aa the animal licks it
self, and is thu carried into the fore-stomach,
to which it holds tenaciously by a aeries of
spines around the body, but principally hy a
pair of sharp hooks at the head.
When fully grown, they leave their posts w ith
thefffioee, burrow iii the ground ami undergo
the final transformation, in the second kind,
of which the aheap hot (Extru ovUJ will serve
as an example, the egg generally hatches within
the body 01 the parent, and the young grub is
deposited alive on the slimy noatrila of us vic
tim. By mean of a nair of long ami sharp
hooka at the head, and panda of minute spines
on the vender, the young grub works its way
into the sinuses of the head, and when full
grown permits iteelf to bo sneered out, when it
also burrows in the ground and transforms. In
the third kind, the parent lays tin '. on those
parts of the body which cannot Ik. reaohpd by
the mouth of the animal attacked, and the
young grub, which soon hatches, burrow s into
the flesh and subsists upon the pus and diseased
matter which results from the wound inllicted
and the irritation constantly kept up. The well
known wonnaL or ox hot ( ffypoderma bovis) bo
Common along the backs of cattle, mid especially
of yearlings ami two-year-olds, ami dreaded as
much by the tanner as by the anlttinl it infests, is
typical of this kind. Residing in a fixed spot, wo
no longer find in this species the strong hooks
at the haftd, and the spines around the body
are sparse and very minute; the pacts of the
mouth are soft ami fleshy.
All these bot larvie breathe principally
through two spiracles placed at the blunt and
sipiarely clocked end of the body, and in the ox
bot these are very large and completely till up
the hole to the tumor in which the auiiinJ
dwells. When ready to transform, it backs out
of its residence, drops, and burrows into tho
ground, and there, like the other species, con
tracts and undergoes its (fj, e to the tly.
The eggs of this ox Imt are elliptic-ovoid,'
slightly compressed, and have at the attached
end a tive-rilibed cap or stout stalk with which
to strongly attach themselves to the skin of tho
back.
The gastric hot are beat prevented by ) r. per
grooming of the horses to remove the eggs or
nits from the fore leg and flank. Horses, too,
that are properly stabled and kept in the shade
during the hotter summer months, are less fre
quented by the parent Hy. Scarcely any moilo
of drugging will dislodge the Inits when once
they are attached to the stomach, without in
juring the parasitized animal, Cervical bote are
also with ditlicultv dislod.cd except when they
are full-grown ami ready to naiunrlly let go their
nolo. Animals may, however, it- measurably
protected by enabling them to smear their noses
with tar, or by enabling them to bun their
noses when the parent lly is seeking to nepoeti,
This they will instinctively do if portion! of
their pastures lie turned Up and the ground kept
loose. The cutaneous Ipecioa may lie removed
by pressure of the thumb and linger, or destroyed
by the application of kerosene. If removed
while small, the wound in the skin heals up,
and no hole w ill occur in the hide
Finn OtumuMan Srnu The Ptighniwirff
Hir.fiv notes that, speaking at the Iron and
Sleel Institute on the application of the hy
draulic power in hwgtaf, Sir Joeonfa Whit worth
naw that hi firm bad reoi mlv completed two
twm screw shaft for the aTflat, Wtjioae to
length, IT inches m diameter, and cast with a
nine inch hole through, then. These shafts
were Mdi of ootnpresM-d steel and weighed (13
tons, instead of i7 tons, if made of iron- a re
duction M-nnittod by the grrat strength of the
compressed tvl He further atat.sl tlutt .n
applying the hydraulic pressure, a column of
meiai , rwieoni one-eignw ill less tlisil Uve
minutes a n-markaM tn.lu-ali.tii of th .lWt
Of pressure iu exjsrlling air cells. The strength
ot the shaft was 40 toUfl to the uaru inch, anil
its ductility or ismer of extutsion was 30'
of iu length Itv using cwnproaaed -t.-el. the
driving nwmd of 34 torn was saved during tho
etiole lite ot the engine.
LtsTKMMi To KvtL Hei'ohts. The Irmiier 1
live the more I feel the importance of adhering
to the rule which I have laid down for myself
in relation to anoh matters: t. Tohtras littlo
as possible whatever is to the prejudice of oth
ers. 'J. To believe nothing of the kind till I am
abaolutely loroed to n, :t. Never to drink into
the spirit of one who circulates an evil report
4, Always to moderate, as far as 1 can, the un-
xinoneaa which is expressed towardaothera, fl.
Aiwaya to believe that, if the other side won
board, a very dilh reut account w ould le iriveu
of the matter. --Va nut's Lift oj tmiron.
Sin Um '. A very pretty story is told of the
origin of the worvl "Sirloin," but we fear it is
only a story. How ever, here it is; Charles tho
Second, of Kngliuid, is sa'd to have knighted
the loin of beer, on one occasion, after his re
turn from a long chase. Beholding a huge loiu
steamiiic on the t.-ihle he samlaJmavli "A niilila
joint ! lly St. tlcorge, it shall have a title I"
And raising hi sword above it. he said: "IiOlli,
we dub thee knicht: henceforth ha Sir Loiu 1"
Though not an unreasonable tide, it is scaa-ely
proiKiiue that it ever tooK place as related. 1 no
Word is moat likely a corruption of surloin,
which means the Upper lart of the loin.
I'.un. "Pain" is an acbo, or abnurnial feel
ing, produced from an unnatural condition of
the nerve or nerves afflicted, and in
most eases it is induced hy pressure,
derangement, disintegration, or the im
perfect circulation of the blood in or Over
them. IV d of the first ami la.-: Kuhbiug
over and near the sensitive iut.cs by increasing
the circulation iiiechiinically, will 'remove tho
annoyance.
Sim-v Tn.tiNs is 1'.'aia. Kailway trains
arc not to ba permitted for the future to run on
Sundays m t 'ana-la. The I huninion goveniment
has issued orders that no trains are to 1 run on
.Sundays, excepting in cases of great emergency.
Of thisenientency the authorities are to be the
judge, no Mindsy tram Wing permitted except
on direct government order.