THE INDEPENDENCE MONITOR
blihed Weekly at Independence, Polk County,
Oregon, on Friday.
Inter! u Second Claw Matter August 1, 1912 at the Post Office atlnde-
penaeace, rout county, Oregon, Under the Act of March 3, 1879.
OUR FARMERS' IMPROVEMENT PAGE
Information Gathered Everywhere that Is of Interest to the Men and Women on
Farm. Good Roads, Dairying, Horticulture, Fine Stock. Hogs, Etc.
the
2. A. Hurley, Publisher S Proprietor
Snoscrlptlon Rates: One Year $1.50 Strictly in Advance
Independence, Oregon, Friday, Aug. 22, 1913
Farm and
Garden
lives limy be found necessary. Cue u
tlu sterilization of the surface of
wound by the use of a torvb ur the
application of nn nutiseptlc or spore
destroying substance. Tho other ia
ADVERTISING RATES
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Half Page, one week,
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Locals and Reading Notices
Classified, each Insertion, per word i cet
Frontpage, per line, each Insertion .... 10 cents
Locals and Readers, one Insertion, per line - - . 10 cents
Locals a Readers, by mo. changes allowed weekly, per lime, 5 cents
AU locals or other advertising totaling 20 lines or more, 5 cents first
insertion, 4 cents thereafter.
lodge notices.cards of thanks, pay church or society notices, Scents per the part generally considered the fruit.
WHAT'S INSIDE AN APPLE?
Structure of Fruit li More Complex
Than li Generally Suppowd.
ine inside or mi ;ij pie is to most
people merely a delirious whitish pulp
and a few brown needs In a ore or
less edible core wraped up in a pret
tily colored skin. The reul structure
of the apple Is by no means so simple
A scientific examination shows it to be
far more complex. The acjoompanylng
photograph shows) a cross section of a
Baldwin apple. It has been treated
Brut with alcohol and then with cednr
oil to make the structure of the differ
ent parts show up better in the photo-
gruph.
Ihe outer part, marked A, which Is
Une, when totaling one inch or more, 25 cents per Inch.
NEWS FROM OUR
NATIONAL CAPITAL
President Outlines Mexican
Policy to House and Sen
ate Committees.
Washington. The policy of the
United States was outlined to the
members of two congressional com
mittees of foreign relations at a con
ference at the white house by Presi
dent Wilson and Secretary Bryan.
The message prepared by the presi
dent on the Mexican situation receiv
ed practically universal support. The
course of this government will be one
of non-interference, in the hope that
the effect of its present efforts and
the pressure of foreign governments
will constitute a moral suasion that
ultimately will bring about peace in
Mexico.
The message makes it plain that
there will be no lifting of the em-
Dargo on arms; tnat no Taction or
government in Mexico will be allowed
to receive munitions of war from the
United States. If necessary the pres
ident proposes to Increase the Ameri
can border patrol to enforce this
policy.
It is a message of friendship, not
hostility, and precedes a policy of
absolute non-interference. It pro
claim to the world the sympathetic
feeling that the United States govern
ment and the American people have
for their neighbors in the rebellion
torn republic south of the Rio
Grande. It records the views of the
United States ' on constitutional gov
ernment, its unalterable opposition to
government set up by the irregular
and arbitrary acta of ambitious indi
viduals and formally announces that
the government of Vlctorlano Huerta
shall not be recognized.
The United States had proposed
that a constitutional election be held
and that Huerta should not be a can
didate. To these suggestions, through
which the United States believes
peace could be restored, Huerta re
plied in the negative. Foreign gov
ernments generally since that rejec
tion have been active in support of
the American policy to persuade
Huerta to yield.
Work on Tariff Bill Progressing
Republican senators are giving evi
donee of tiring over continued fruit
less opposition to the tariff schedule
ard rapid progress is being made In
consideration of the bill.
The wool schedule has been dispos
ed of so far as it will be considered
bv the senate in committee of the
whole.
Thoueh no vote was taken on free
raw wool, the decisive showing on that
having been deferred until the bill
comes from the committee of the
whole, the finance committee rates on
wool manufactures were agreed to
without amendment and there was ev
ery indication that raw wool would
remain free.
With only a part of the free list, a
portion of the paper schedule and the
rui. '.ries schedule remaining to be con
sidered in committee, democratic lead
rrs expressed confidence that the In
come tax would be disposed of be
fore the end of the coming week.
A.nong the articles on the free list
ratified were agricultural Implements,
beet and sugar cane, machinery, alco
hol, horses and mules and animals for
breeding, bibles, breads, biscuits and
many others.
Amendment Made to Currency Bill.
The agricultural currency amend
ment to the administration currency
bill was adopted by the house Demo
cratic caucus. After several prelim
inary skirmishes, in which other
amendments were beaten, the caucus,
without a dissenting vote, adopted e
amendment agreed to both by the
"Insurgent" contingent and the bank
ing and currency committee, to put
paper based on agricultural products
on the same basis as commercial pa
per for banking purpose. It also
would extend the maturity of note
and bills admitted to discount, under
be amendment, to to days, Insteao
of the originally proposed 60 duys.
This action disposed of the last of
the big controversial issues in the ad
ministration currency bill.
National Capital Brevities
Figures gathered by the federal
Quarantine board of the department of
agriculture show that during the past
fiscal years 3,779,041 growing trees
and 15,040 pounds of tree seeds were
Imported into the United States.
That the work of installing demo
crats in federal offices in place ef re
publicans is proceeding at a rapid
rate is shown by the nominations
which have been sent to the senate
since President Wilson took office
These nominations numser approxi
mately 3000 and of these about 2000
Not one solitary amendment to the
currency bill proposed at the Chicago
bankers' conference will be accepted
by the administration. This waa most
emphatically declared by Chairman
Glass, of the house banking commit
tee, coauthor of the "administration"
measure.
SULZER RECEIVES
UP-STATE SUPPORT
Albany, N. Y. Governor Sulzer
showed interest in the report from the
assembly districts throughout the
state, indicating that many of the up
state assemblymen who had opposed
his direct primary bill or had voted
for Impeachment were being refused
designation by their party committees.
The governor declined to comment on
any of the changes being wrought In
the personnel of the assembly, but
seemed to take it for granted that pub
lic sentiment was strongly in his fav
or.
The most significant changes In the
designations for the assembly Is con
sidered the turn-down of Assembly
man T. K. Smith for another terra by
Francis A. HenuVlcks, the Onondaga
county Republican leader. Smith
one of the seven Republican members
who voted to impeach Governor Sul
zer and Is now serving his third term
from a strong Republican district.
FRESH HUCKLEBERRIES.
HI CM.F.nF.liKIKS are Ideal fruit
for (lies or puddings. The acid
of the fruit promotes digestion
and thus counteracts the richness of
the puff paste. The huckleberry Is
variously known as the whortleberrv
and blueberry.
A nice homemade pie may be made
with the fruit as follows:
the part that is eaten, is really corre
sponding to the outer wood of a tree or
the stem of a plant, while the real fruit
Is the part marked D, known scientifl
cally as the carpel, the dark triangular
marks In the middle of the photograph.
Photo by Oregon Agricultural college.
CBOSS SUCTION or IN APPLB.
The dark spots, marked B, are the
main arteries, of which there are ten.
that carry the food through the net
work of veins seen in the outer section.
This system of arteries and veins is
entirely separate from that which
feeds the fruit iu thu middle. The Ave
sections marked O might be likened to
five plums set down close together
with a stem grown up around tlieiu
(the fleshy part of the apple.) These
the horticultural scientist now calls
drupes." The outer part, with the
pretty skin, is furnished by wise Paine
Nature to make the apple attractive so
it will be carried about and the seeds
distributed.
The picture is taken from a bulletin
on "Gross Morphology of the Apple,"
by E. J. Krnus. the lirst of a scries on
"The Pollination of the Pomacoous
Fruits" to be issued from the research
laboratories of the Oregon Agricultural
college experiment station Mr Krnus
treats the subject In n thoroughly scl
entiiic manner, going Into run-fill de
tail as to the structure of the different
parts of the apple mid their relation
with a view to establishing his conten
tion that pollination, for instance, of a
yellow apple with pollen from a red
apple affects the Inner fruit rather
than the exterior.
To Kill the Canada Thistle.
According to an Iowa press bulletin,
sodium arseulte Is the only chemical
that will entirely destroy the Canada
thistle. It Is applied at the rate of one
and one-half pounds to fifty-two gal
lons of water. It further states that
a good method for the eradication of
this weed is to plow shallow and culti
vate frequently during the summer.
After plowing the soil should be drag
ged and the roots exposed to the sun
and removed. It may be found neces
sary to cut off with a hoe the atray
plants.
DEMOCRATS NAME
M'CALL FOR MAYOR
New York. Edward E. McCall,
chairman of the public srrvice com
mission, was designated as mayoralty
candidate by the Democratic city com
mil tee.
Mr. Mcl'all's selection by the 630
delegates as leader of the Tammany
forces was unanimous, as has been
forecast since It appeared from an
nouncements that the Tammany lead
ers had decided not to renominate
Mavor Gaynor and that he oiild be
nominated by the "Gaynor league
with a complete Independent city tick
et of its own.
Mayor Gaynor's determination to
run for re-election as an independent
guarantees one of the liveliest munic
ipal campaigns New York has seen in
several years. There will be three
tickets In the field Democratic. Fu
sion and Independent.
The FuM-mis ts. who include Repub
licans. Ptogressives. Independence
league and some independent fenio
crats. have selected John I'urroy Mil
PLANT BREEDING ON FARM.
The cry is becoming more gen
eral for better seeds. How are
we to get them? As the sltua
tlou Is, sayB u correspondent of
the American Agriculturist, I
believe the answer to the ques
tion is to breed them ourselves.
We often see In horticultural
urn) agricultural periodicals ar
ticles that have a tendency to
throw a wet blanket over this
proposition, claiming that seed
I. reeding is a business of Its own.
requiring special training to do
it properly. This may be true,
viewed from a scientific stand
point, uud yet there are few
market gardeners or truck farm
ers who cannot breed arid grow
what seeds they require for their
Individual plantings.
Root Crops For Dairy Cow.
No matter what some people tell
you, turnips and other roots make fine
milk producing fi-eil. Turnips will not
affect the flavor of milk If fed at the
right time. If turnips are fed In large
quantities, and two or three hours
before milking, they are likely to give
the milk an unpleasant taste, but if
fed directly after milking no flavor
whatever will be noticed. Farm Prog
ress
ALL SORTS OF ANIMALS.
Great care should be used In water
ing the horses ' A little nnd often is
the best way
Moldy or filthy grain ts one of the
worst things that can be given the
calves, as It Is productive of numerous
digestive ailments
The cows that are on pasture should
have free access to salt The dairy
cow needs this all the year around, but
especially Just at thin season.
You frequently hear the question
asked. "What is the best size of flock
for the average farm?" Generally
speaking, from forty to sixty ewes
make the best size of flock for a quar
ter section farm
If yon are not situated so that you
nn let your hogs out draw a load of
earth and throw It Into the (tens now
snd then The hogs will work It over
and take a lot of comfort doing It
Make them grow faster too
Treating Wounds of Trees.
The Ohio station reiiort that tw
ihe application of dressings to prevent
the entrance of harmful siHin-s or bac
teria. One such dressing is generally
aiuhVient. There are a large number
of effective germicides, such as cor
roslve sublimate, gasoline, kenwene.
carbolic acid, petroleum, copper sul
phnte and formaldehyde. The availa
bility of any depends largely njioii the
nature of the wound Protective
paints have usually been applied as
dressings, hut. as a rule, those are very
Inert evtlve. Far hotter are prvpnra
Hons of asphaltuui and residual tars.
HOW UNCLE 8AM HELPS.
A bulletin of the bureau of
pin lit- industry, "a study of farm
equipment In Ohio," gives a
most valuable review of Ini
IHirtaiit data of this character
gathered and collated with much
painstaking cure by Mr. I, W.
Kllis. On twenty-one farms In
ventilated the following was
found to be the average dlstri
Imti'Mi of capital Invented: In
laud, drainage and water sup
ply. til per cent; in buildings, 'Jl
per cent; in Implements and ma
chinery, ft per cent, and in live
stock, i:t per cent. The bulletin
gives much detailed Information.
of which the figures Just quoted
represent a gros summary.
Ours Is the day of scientific
mo ii.iu'eiiient No longer need
the farmer slowly find his way
to t lie best working conditions
by s series of successive ap
proximation!) The government
helps 111 rii to profit by the ex
perience of others who have
priH'cded him snd have paid the
heavy dues of that excellent but
dear schooling.
Coverings For Silage.
l he use of heavy tarpaulin to cover
the surface of silage during summer
feedlin: Is being practiced quite suc
cessfully by some of the readers of the
Kansas Farmer The tarpaulin Is very
carefully spread over the whole sur
face of the silage, and the silage is re
moved from half the surface only at
each feeding, alternating from one side
of the silo to the other In this way a
thicker layer can lie removed from the
surface fed from dally The tnrpaalin
cover retards the tendency to spoil on
the surface left untouched.
CAUSE OF BAO
FLAVORS IN BUTTER
DON'T BURN ROUGHAGE.
Expensive and Wasteful Practice With
Cornstalks, Straw, Chaff, Eto.
A contributor to Farm and Fireside
writes:
"A tendency exists among many
farmers to burn up all cornstalks, loose
straw, clover chaff and superfluous
roughage about the place. Hut it is
too expensive.
"Every time an acre of stalks Is
burned twenty -one pounds of nitrogen
go into the air, and It will cost you
$;S..riO to buy It back again Wheat or
oat straw from an acre contains about
twelve to fourteen pounds of nitrogen
and clover chaff three times this
amount
"One can easily figure from these
deductions what a reckless loss to the
farm Is a fire In the chaff pile or stall:
field. The cutaway and disk harrows
will chop these bulky materials up
ready for the plow where they ran be
turned under If you want to fatten
the old farm, stuff It with organic mat
tor."
Bad flavors In butter come from two
lourees. They tney be absorbed from
odors, and they tuny be cuused by the
presence of bacteria.
Odors may get Into the milk In the
barn, coming from the cow, the milker,
the utensils or from the food or dust,
ays the Kansas Industrialist The sec
)ud source Is In the milk house, from
the separator or containing vessels
If the separating Is done In the barn,
o much the worse for the cream; If
loue In the kitchen, fiHid flavors are
absorbed. The churn Is the third
source of hud flavor. When not prop
erly cared for it soon grows musty. A
churn that Is not well cleaned before
and after using affects the taste of butter.
Butter churned too bo ft cannot be
properly washed snd so contains a
great deal of buttermilk. Ruttennllk
contains, besides water, the solids case
in. . albumen and milk sugar. Milk
sugar Is used as n food by the fer
ments which are secreted by the organ
Isms These ferments destroy casein
MONITOR APPLICATION BLANK
ZXDEl'EXDEXCE MONI TOR,
Independence, Oregon,
Gentlemen:
In accordance with your special subscription and library
offer I send you $1.50 for the Independence Monitor for one
' year to be sent to
of
ami tor one of the fire book premium lists as indicated below:
1. One hnnk-
and one membership in the Monitor Library Club, including
book or
One.
recent copyright reprint fiction or
3, One .
book
cook book, Horle, speaker or other special book or
4. Two books as follows
or
5. One Membership in the Monitor Library Club, inclu
ding book IatCt sprint
copyright fiction.
sign name on this line
Dated this.
address on this line
1913
The books or membership ure for-
Address all Communications to the O. A. Hurley, Idltor, Library Depart
ment, Independence ;Monltor, Independence, Oregon.
The American Guernsey Cattle
club was the first organlxutlon of
its kind to establish an advanced
registry on the busts of e year's
production of butter fat. No ani
mal of any age can Ket Into ttila
adviincwit reKister that does not pro
duce more than iWU pounds of but
ter fat In one year. The average
of tho thirty-live leading- Uuernseya
In the llHt was over 7(17 pounds
of butter fat. Nat everybody can
ow n such cows becuuse they do not
exist In sufficient numbers, teaks
Sunl.urM. the Guernsey cow shown,
ts one of the Rood ones- Hlie la own
ed by 11 D Orlswold of Wisconsin.
FOR A SILO SCAFFOLD.
Direotiona For Making Neoeeaary Part
of Concrete or Tile Structure.
Should any one be thinking of build
ing a concrete or tile silo the accom
pnnylng cut might help In building
the scaffold After the foundation
wall Is laid get live poles at least
eight feet higher than you expect the
silo to be. Ket inside of the wall deep
enough to bold poles in place. ty
Heavy Illicit, by 4's. (Pitied lines, boards
to work nn. live innall circles IndlCMte
position of support poles
(From
SCAFFOLD INSIHE HlhO
National Htockman and Farmer
the silo as high ns you can from the
ground; then take 2 by -i's or 2 by fis
and build frame for scaffold as shown
in cut
Leave plenty of room for poles to
work easily; then floor as shown by
dotted lines In cut Attach a pulley to
each pole and raise when ready Then
spike a piiH-e under scaffold on pole.
One scaffold does It all. The scaf
fold should have Just day enough to
let It slide up easily Sometimes If It
Is too loose a wedge to hold It firm
while at work should be put in.
The Idea of having the poles longer
than the silo Is high Is to get pulleys
high enough for lust raise. National
Stockman arid Farmer.
Chicks Need Cleanliness.
Drinking dishes and feeding troughs
for chicks are likely to le ouie dirty
ano. insanitary unless Hie-lal precuu :
tl'Jiis are taken, according to Professor
J. (i Hatpin of the College of Agrieul
ture of the University of Wisconsin I
Drinking water should never 1 placed j
in common dishen or vessels where the
chicks may get iu with both feet, but
"sanitary" fountains, either homemade ;
or purchased, should be need. 'I' ties :
should he cl'jaued and sralded at fre
quent Intervals. Wet mashes when
fed In wooden troughs mold unless nil
refuse feed Is scraped off and the
troughs an- placed on end so that they
may dry in the sun NrKlect of these
two simple matters uiHy cause consld
erable loss.
and albumen In the buttermilk con
tained In the butter and so cause ran
cid or putrid butter.
Fermentation begun In cream does
not cease In buUer. It may go far
enough to hreuk up the butter fata,
causing III flavored butter.
Odors get Into the butter, or they
cim v get into the milk ur cream and
then be Imparted to the butter The
greatest source of bad flavor is from
cream that has not been properly cared
fur Milk, creum or butter absorbs
odors If kept in a fruit or vegebible
cellar or Iu n musty. III ventilated
room Fven musty wells or III ventl
luted caves Impart peculiar flavors
One of the movt cmiinii n disagreeable
flavors is known us 'weedy " The
"ause Is laid to feed, but III most cases
It Is due to rapidly growing organisms
ivhl'di get Into the cream from unclean
surroundings
To prevent had flavors In butter
great cure must be used In milking. In
handling the milk and cream and In
ranking the butter lOverylliiug used
must be kept In n sun Mary cuiiilltlon.
Milk In a clean, well vcnlllii tisl barn,
using care not to raise dust. The
milker should wear while milking a
clean nproii or n pair of overalls. 1,'ten
sils. Including the separator, must be
washed nnd sin hied after each milk
ing Use milk uleiisilsi with no open
sea ms.
The milk must lie removed from
the barn Immediately tifler milking
Cream w 111 keep best If kept In a clean,
well ventilated room, preferably a
separate milk house Warm and cold
cream should not be mixed.
For Filling the Apple Barrel.
How to pa k apples in barrels: Two
layeis ol r i nil ..11011111 tie plucisl hi flie
bottom of barrel with stems down and
as close together as possllilu These
w ill form the f ac
ini:, fur this end
will he the top
w hen opened
Fill In with the
s u in e grade,
.hake the barrel
often nnd when
near 1 lie tup put in two more layers
w ith stemi up. Idling (lie last iay er
stand a full nn-h above I lie chine of
barrel Now put 011 lid and slowly
press Into place, shaking the barrel In
the meanwhile The stores sell very
excellent barrel benders or, presses.
But one can he rigged very quickly by
using a plank or scantling with one
end under a stud reaching to the shed
plate and nailed temporarily In place.
K- cut He careful not to pruss the
apples too hard, i-'unn Journal.
All the troubles of canning day disappear when you
uia our tippliei. Everything of the beet wn time
triad and fully tested before we even placed the or
der willi thd manufacturer!.
Jars that art air-tight, paraffins that la guaranteed to
be absolutely pure and all toe other little Items that
make canning the pleasure should be. And the prices
art the lowest In the town-consistent with value.
Call In sad Inspect oar Stock before Purchasing.
FLUKE & JOHNSON
Bicycles, Motor Cycles and Sewing
Machines
REPAIRED
Independence Bicycle & Repair
Shop
MAIN STRICT
The Best Is Good Enough and You
get only the hest when you
buy meat from us
A D0W refrigerating plant keep the meat cool
and froh, and when y iu ouoe buy from ua
you buy again, beoauae our meat give satisfac
tion. We have just added n-w rendering vnta and
sHuaage mnoliiuery thai being ahlt to sup
ply you with lard mid aatiHage, at all times.
,Ve have our own ein houses an I g v n
country ourBtJ lirtin and biio m.
NELSON'S MARKET
C Street, Independence, Ore.
w w T T
HOP BASKETS
THE BEST
Ferlihie Your Orchard.
As iiegieeted as the average farm
orchard Is In almost every particular
I It probably stiff era worse from the
' lack of fertilization than from any
; other cauw It Is Indeed h rare case
here the farmer or perhaps eveD the
nrchardist manuri-n or fertilizes bis
re hard as thoroughly and H conscien
tiously as he (joe bin corn and wheat
ground. the Farmer's (iulde.
PRICE IS RIGHT
THE CHAS. K.
INDEPENDENCE, -
S.AilLDING LOGGING CO.
- ORESDN
chell.