KIEV EVACUATED
WHILE BURNING
Americans With Polish Army Tell
Thrilling Story of Flight
From Bolsheviki.
MANY ATROCITIES BY REOS
Evacuation Is Weird and Picturesque
Happening— Hacked and Mutilated
Bodies of Polish Soldiers At­
test Cruelty of Reds.
Washington.— A vivid description of
the evucuation of Kiev by the Polish
army wus received in Washington, in
the shape o f mall dispatches from
Warsaw, the Polish capital. Colonel
Gasklll,
formerly of the American
army, but now o f the rolish railway
mission, and Jay P. Moffat, secretary
of the American Legation at Warsaw,
furnished two o f the clearest stories
o f the actual abandonment of the
Ukrainian city.
The account, which, nlthough not
official, Is regarded as reliable Infor­
mation, fo llo w s:
Picturesque and Thrilling Event
“ The evacuation o f K iev by the Pol­
ish nrray was n picturesque as well
as a thrilling event. Credit for sav­
ing not only his men but also for the
rescue o f the immense swarm o f ref­
ugees which accompanied the nrmy
must be given to General Rydz Smlg-
ley, the Polish commander of the Kiev
occupation.
Since the evacuation
these refugees have been making their
way Into Warsaw clad In anything
remotely resembling clothes nnd have
been giving truthful but none the less
extraordinary accounts of the experi­
ences which they have undergone.
“ Colonel Gasklll, who came out of
K iev with the Polish troops, was with
the Polish staff there throughout the
entire experience nnd witnessed the
planning as well as the execution of
the evacuation movement. Mr. Moffat
took part in the evacuation of Jlto-
mierrz and experienced,
after the
Budenny red cavalry raid, a thrilling
night ride through the forests o f Ko­
vel, while the peasants along the wny
were apparently taking pot shots at
any soldiers they saw, with little re­
gard to the color o f their uniforms.
"The stories told hy both Colonel
Gasklll nnd Mr. Moffat confirm what
has so often been said o f the cruelties
o f the red troops.
Colonel Gasklll
told with considerable vividness of the
descent of the reds upon the city even
before the troops and refugees had
gotten away, and o f a night spent
amid turbulence and constant Indis­
criminate firing by the reds on refu­
gees and troop trains. Fortunately
their aim fo r the most part was poor.
Mr. Moffat In his region saw the hack­
ed and mutilated bodies o f Polish sol­
diers along the roadway at Jltomlercz,
nnd the bodies o f four mutilated sol­
diers hanging in a freight car, their
wounds attesting that their deaths had
been made as horrible ns humanly
1 cssible.
"Th e condition of the refugees was
described by both men ns pathetic,
men, women nnd babies being huddled
Into box cars, nnd nil arrayed In most
extraordinary
makeshift
clothing.
They had been summoned to flee the
city with hardly more than an hour
o f warning nnd all had fled almost
as they stood. They had abandoned
the<r homes with no preparrtlon. They
had no food and no clothing other
than what they wore. Even more ter­
rible than the refugees, however, was
was actually under way the convoys
were suffering from gunfire as well
as from the bombs o f the aviators, and
In the city which they had left be­
hind the fleelug troops and refugees
could see the flames mounting steadl-
I ly from burning buildings. The ride
out was an exciting one. The trains
could only be moved at a slow speed,
the condition o f the people whom the and Polish soldiers were required on
Poles were obliged to leave behind the footboards o f all the engines to
since the trains could not accommo­ maintain order and prevent panic."
date them. There were Incidents In
which futhers and mothers gave up FRENCH GALLANTRY IS DEAD
their places In order that their chil­
dren, particularly their daughters, Girls Now Have to Fight for Seats
In Paris Subway
might escape from the doomed region.
Trains.
Ordered to Leave City.
Up to the last, according to Colonel
Paris.— So bod have the traveling
GaskiU's account, the Poles were de­
termined to hold the city. The staff conditions become on the tubes here
had not only planned but had put that the woman workers. Including the
Into operation a scheme for defense, middinettes and modistes o f the fash­
and General Itydz Smlgley was satis­ ionable shops, have demanded that a
fied that while the cost might be special carriage on each train be re­
heavy, they could hold their ground. served for women.
“ The traditional gnllantry of France
A ll the time that the decision was be­
ing made. Colonel Gasklll stated, the must be dead,” remarked a tired busi­
stnff headquarters was fairly besieged ness girl. “ Traveling on the metro at
by Kussians and Poles begging the certain hours o f the day has become
general not to nbandon them and pre­ nothing more or less than a battle In
dicting their fate with the return of which the weak have no chance
against the strong.”
the reds.
The knowledge that the reds had
crossed the river and were advancing
from the north was confirmed by the
appearance o f red airplanes which be­
gan dropping Incendiary bombs on the
city so that In a relatively short time
half a dozen fires were burning.
“ W hile the Polish staff was en­
deavoring to reach a decision the posi­
tive order came from the chief of
staff, Pilsudski, to abandon the place,
and a wild rush o f preparation began.
A Polish Red Cross nnd other agen­
cies began to gather together the ref­
ugees nnd the army officials to mar­
shal their men. These preparations
were, of course, noted by the enemy,
and the number o f red planes in­
creased. By the time the movement
Wireless Guidance
for Swedish Fishers
Stockholm. — Wireless tele­
phone receivers are being placed
by the Swedish government on
fishing crnft, so the fishers mny
be warned of bad weather nnd
Informed where good catches of
herring may be expected. As no
transmitters w ill be placed on
the boats the fishers will not be
able to communicate with other
vessels nor with wireless sta­
tions on store.
Building Giant Airship for United States
The giant framework of the It-38, the world’s largest airship, being built at Cardington beds, England, for tha
United States government. It Is now nearing completion.
BEAT RENT HOGS
BY CO-OPERATION
Finns Build and Occupy Own
Apartments for Only $26.35
a Month.
VENTILATION IN H, C. L. IN FOR REAL BATTLE
METAL MINES
An Economic Fault That Should quate ventilation of metal mines than
o f coal mines. The latter require air
Be Remedied, Says Federal
currents to remove explosive gases
and the fumes o f explosives, but metal
Engineer.
mines, In addition to the need o f re­
moving fumes of explosives and occa­
sionally explosive gases, frequently
have need o f removing dusts danger­
ous to health, reduction o f high tem­
peratures and high humidity, and re­
One Thousand Die Annually From moval o f Inert, but unhealthful gases.
Miner's Consumption, Chiefly Caused
The main features nlTectlng metal-
by Dust— Time Lost Aggregates
mine ventilation as outlined In part
Millions of Dollars.
by Mr. Harrington, are:
Movement of A ir— This Involves ef­
Washington.— The
desirability
of fects o f air movement at various tem­
efficient control of air currents and peratures, humidities, and with cer­
the necessity o f supplying metal mine tain gases present, and the advisable
workers with better and safer work­ velocity o f current to use.
ing conditions has created an active
Temperature— The temperature of
Interest in metal mine ventilation, es­ the air In a metal mine Is Influenced
pecially in recent years. In a paper by the outside air temperature, under
Just Issued by the United States bu­
ground rock and water temperature,
reau of mines the writer, D. Harring­ oxidation of ores and timbers, mine
ton, mining engineer o f the bureau, fires, friction of air due to velocity of
discusses the subject both with regard
flow, movement of ground, firing of
to efficiency and economy as well ns
shots, quantity o f air circulating, heat
safety and health. It is based on per­ from breathing o f men and animals,
sonal observations o f Mr. Harrington
heated air from other mines, heat from
during more than four years’ study
electric motors nnd other machinery.
of metal mines In six states, in which
Humidity— The humidity o f mine nlr
more than fifty mines were visited.
depends on the relative humidity of
In coal mines ventilation Is general­
surface air, wetness of shafts nnd
ly regarded as essential, but in many
workings, the velocities, quantities,
metal mines, especially shallow ones,
and temperatures o f the air circulated.
the operators pay little attention to
Where small fan units are employed
ventilation, or ignore it altogether,
to force nlr through galvanized Iron
says the writer. Mr. Hnrrlngton says:
or canvas tubing, these also affect the
Ventilation Necessary.
humidity through absorption or depo­
“ There Is greater necessity fo r ade-
sition o f moisture.
Mine gases and dusts— The Intnke
air Is usually pure, except In rare In­
stances where 6moke or dust from sur­
face works may be present. The air
In the mine changes through breathing
of men and animals, burning of lights,
oxidation o f ore or timber, gases Issu­
ing from strata, gnses from mine fires,
fumes from explosives, gases from
compressed air, gnses from operation
o f machinery, dusts from drilling,
blasting, shoveling nnd other work.
Studied by Experts.
The writer snys that the burenu of
mines and the United States public
health service. In conjunction with the
Investigation of mine dusts nnd gnses,
are studying effects o f temperature
nnd humidity on workmen's health and
efficiency.
"F ew mines having humid hot work­
ing places with no circulation have es­
caped without one or more futilities
from ‘heart failure,’ which Is really
heat prostration,” ssiys the writer, “ .vet
proper nlr circulation would make
1 these mines endurable.
“ In some mines where gases such as
nitrogen or enrbon dioxide Issue from
the strata, futnlltles nnd mnny enses
of gassing have occurred from Inade­
quate ventilntlon; the remedy Is force
or pressure ventilation with constant
vigilance. Mnny lives have been lost
as well ns much property, from fires
in metal mines because no ventilating
equipment arranged to control the nlr
currents In such an emergency bad
been provided.
“ Miners' consumption probably kills
at least 1.000 metal miners annually
In the United States, nnd causes a los«
of time aggregating millions o f dol­
lars ; the misery nnd suffering to min­
ers and their families cannot he esti­
The British ambassador to the United States, Sir Auckland Geddes, pre­ mated. Tet the causes of this dl«en«c
senting to Gen. John J. Pershing a mngnlflcent sword. Jeweled, chased and could he reduced 7.1 per cent. If not
engraved In commemoration o f the splendid services rendered during the war wholly eliminated by proper preventive
by General Pershing and the men who fought under him. The sword wns a measures on the part o f operator and
gift from the corporation and city of London, delayed until London’s Jewelers miner, one o f the most potent meas­
could he released from their military tasks long enough to fashion the gift ure* as previously mentioned. Is ade­
quate ventilation.”_____
__
with all possible ca re .___
LIVES AND EFFICIENCY LOST
General Pershing Gets Jeweled Sword
Co-Operative Bakeries and Dairies
A re Soon to Be Erected— Communi­
ty Club House and Co-Operatlvs
Restaurant Big Success.
New York.— In these hectic days of
frenzied family finance when the life
o f the average New Yorker Is Just one
moving van after another, envious at­
tention Is directed toward a certain
group of thrifty citizens who are re­
siding calmly, comfortably and cheaply
In their own a irtment houses.
Their leisure hours are never Invad­
ed by landlords and reul estate ngents,
their sleep Is undisturbed by nlght-
mnres of sudden evictions, nnd their
eyesight Is unhurt hy constant contact
with the dally “ to let” columns. They
live in attractive, sunny homes, con­
taining the latest Inspirations In
plumbing, the newest styles hi win­
dows, Hnd the hottest kind of hent.
For nil o f these luxuries they pay
about $30 per family per month, with
the,pleasant knowledge that the rent
never can be raised unless they per­
mit it.
Are Not Plutocrats, Either.
They are not wealthy. They nre
hard-working people— c u r p e n t e r s ,
painters, pnperhnngers, tailors, type­
setters nnd shop keepers nnd their fam­
ilies— who nre not often found dwell­
ing In luxury when the rest o f the
world Is putting up with all sorts of
Inconveniences.
How do they do It? Well, In the
first place, they live In Brooklyn. But
that does not explain It. Brooklyn Is
not Immune from the high cost of liv­
ing any more than nny other town. But
they nre Finns, nnd that explains a
great deal. For the Finns are an ex­
tremely thrifty lot.
So It happens thnt while most na­
tive Americans have been sitting
around deploring the high cost o f liv­
ing but meekly paying exorbitant
prices for food nnd rents, the Finns of
Brooklyn have been forming co-opera­
tive societies nml forcing down ihelr
living costs to the lowest possible min­
imum.
Besides
two
co-operative
apartment houses, they own a com­
munity club house, a eo-operutive res­
taurant and plots of ground upon
which co-operative bakeries and dul-
rles soon nre to be erected.
First came the club house, vhlcli Is
always the first social move o f the
Finns wherever they go. It Is an at­
tractive building, with coffee and game
rooms, smoking parlors, women's club
rooms, and an auditorium, where pub­
lic meetings, dances and theatricals
nre held. To the Finn dramn Is al­
most as essential as food, so that the
people do not consider It an extrava­
gance to employ a dramatic coach for
their young people. Across from the
club house Is the co-operative restau­
rant, and nearby Is n lot which some
day, when building conditions become
a trifle more stable. Is to support a co­
operative moving picture house.
The chief uctivlty o f the club houRe
soon became the voicing of discontent
with living conditions. The Finns, hav­
ing come to America, the land o f op­
portunity, seeking relief from u stern
nnd exacting environment, were frank­
ly disappointed. They found them­
selves crowded Into grimy tenements,
with Insufficient hent nnd water nnd
light nnd nlr, nnd unnhle to enrn
enough to obtain anything better. The
wages which hnd appeared so high to
them from the other side o f the ocean
seemed to shrink visibly ns they were
doled out for food nnd rent nnd
clothes.
America Worse Than Finland.
“ A fter all,” declared one o f the Fin­
nish apartment house dwellers the oth­
er day, “ It wns Just ns hnd ns In Fin­
land, only In some ways It wns a little
worse because It wns all strange— the
country, the language nnd the ways of
the people. In some of the tenement
tints the kitchen was the only room
thnt wus heated, and It was not lnrge
enough to hold nil of the family at
once. The children caught colds go­
ing from heated rooms to unheated
ones, nnd half the time In those old
houses the wnter failed to run from
the spigot, so that It was hard for us
to keep clean. It Is still so. When
you tell the landlords, they say they
ennnot afford to make repnlrs.”
ltut the Finns were not satisfied
merely to discuss conditions. They
decided to change them.
The carpen­
ters and* the painters and plasterers
and the pnperhnngers among them
knew a good deni about building, nnd
they finally suggested the Idea of a co­
operatively owned apartment house.
They realized that It would he a huge
undertaking for families with so little
capltnl, but experience In Finland hud
taught them the value of co-operation.
In the beginning, 20 families were In­
terest ed In the project, but when It
actually came to the stage o f signing
contracts and buying ground and
A id for Fleeing Russians
A Turkish water carrier distributing water among itusslan families on
board a vessel, fleelug from their devastated Russian homes to southern
Europe.
“ 'Flapper/ Give Up Seat,”
Say Women of London
London.— “ You mny have my
seat, sir,” Is what the “ flapper”
should say when she finds n
tired, overworked business mnn
standing near her In a London
train or bus. This revolution In
feminine deportment Is suggest­
ed not by the men but by Eng­
lishwomen who object to their
husbands surrendering seats in
public conveyances to girls nnd
women returning home after
frivolous errands.
building materials, all but six became
discouraged and dropped out.
Six fumllles, however, refused to re­
linquish the project, nnd saw it
through to the bitter end. They pro*
posed to build a 10-fanilly apartment
house, and found themselves facing tha
problem o f raising $45,000. A treas­
urer was appointed, nnd each family
paid weekly Installments to the com­
munal treasury until they hnd $8,000
In n box. W ith this they bought a
building plot. The rest o f the money
they obtained from a co-operative so­
ciety’s bank In the form of first and
second mortgages.
Much of the building wns done by
the men o f the six families, all of
whom took a special pride In their
work nnd strove frantically to outri­
val one another In painting nnd plas­
tering various rooms. Their task com­
pleted, the co-operators moved In,
henvily In debt ns It might seem to the
unco-operntlve.
Actually, however,
they were paying Interest on their own
debts, nnd not on the debts of some
landlord. Thnt Interest, together with
substantial monthly payments on prin­
cipal, taxes, general upkeep, nnd oth­
er expenses, amounted to considerably
less than they would hnve pnld In
rent for apartments of the snme size.
Ench family hnd a light, five-room
apartment, with nil modern Improve­
ments Including telephone, hot nnd
cold water, n hath room nnd a kitchen
(not a kitchenette) nnd for these ac­
commodations they pnld Into the com­
mon building fund $20.35 a month.
Thsn Cam« the Rush!
As It heenme known thnt such homes
could he obtained nt such a remarka­
bly low price, the first six co-operators
were overwhelmed with applications
from other families, who wished to
Join the movement. The house was
soon full o f tennnts, but so great was
the demand for similar accommoda­
tions that another co-operative group
was organized to build a second apart­
ment house. This time the co-opera­
tors were not so timid In risking thelf
money, nnd decided that their house
should be even bigger with even great­
er conveniences.
Incidentally, It wns to cost $50,000
more, due not to the added Improve­
ments hut to the Increased cost of
building materials. The cost of the
latter rose so rapidly that n third
group, which was on the point o f or­
ganization, decided to defc*r building
until conditions became a trifle less
chaotic and the cost o f bricks went
down.
Envy of Less Enterprising.
This was two years ago. Today,
these progressive, co-operative Finns
are the envy of all their less enterpris­
ing neighbors.
They nre enjoying
warm, comfortable and convenient
homes nt a small cost at a lime when
many Individuals are reduced to un­
comfortable makeshifts and all are de­
pendent on the none too tender mer­
cies o f their landlords.
Each family Is permitted to pay off
Its share o f the principal as rapidly ns
possible, nnd several o f them have
nearly achieved complete ownership of
their npnrtments. Others, moving to
other cities, have been compelled rt-
luc'nutly to part with theirs, only
one ristrlctlon Is plaee 1 o.i the sale of
an apartment, nnd that Is the provi­
sion that only one apartment may bo
owned by each family— In order to
maintain the true co-operative nature
of the colony.
Thus, the Finns hnve shown us how
to make the most of tl e motto on our
natlonnt currency, "In union there 1*
strength.”— Frederic J. Husk In In Chi-
cage News.
t