Bubble Force
Makes Billions
j of copper production, and therefore of
the electrical Industry, Is very largely
dependent on the same forces that are
at work In the soap bubble.”
l ’rofessor Taggart declared that the
demand for specialists In ore dressing
with expert knowledge o f the design
and operation of the bewildering array
of machinery now employed has be
come so Insistent that school curricula
Knowledge of Colloid and Organic must be altered to offer the necessary
Chemistry Necessary for the Flo
preparatory courses.
tation Millman— Skillful
“ Ore dressing Is an Indispensable
Work for a Profit
link between mining and metallurgy In
present-day practice In the extraction
New York.— Billions are being added of metals from the earth,” said Pro
to the world's wealth by the forces at fessor Taggart. “ It consists In non
work In the soap bubble. The flotation chemical concentration of the valuable
method of mineral separation, by part o f an ore Into a bulk much
which every day In the year fortunes j smaller than that of the original ore,
are literally extracted front froth. Is and at the same time rejection as
now exercising so powerful an Influ waste o f the worthless portion.
“ Until about fifteen years ago most
ence on mining operations In this and
other countries that, according to Co mills were small as compared with
lumbia university authorities, the fu present-day standards and the ores
ture o f copper production, and there were relatively high grade. The ore
fore o f the electricnl Industry, largely treatment problem was a simple one,
and ns a result the technical as well
hinges on bubbles.
The process of ore concentration has as the executive direction of the ore
always been considered important In dressing plant could be nnd was Inci
mining engineering schools and the flo dental to the direction with which the
tation process Is a leading factor In concentrator was built.
“ The services of a specialist In con
laboratory practice at Columbia, where
the ore dressing laboratory Is now un centration were considered unneces
sary. With the development o f the
dergoing considerable expansion.
According to both Dean George B. large, low-grade, disseminated copper
Pegram o f the Columbia School of deposits, the Importance of ore dress
Mines, Engineering and Chemistry, and ing took a sudden Jump. These depos
Arthur F. Taggart, professor of ore its contain only from twenty to forty
dressing, the advent of flotation hns pounds of copper per ton o f ore. The
wrorked a revolution In mining meth ore bodies as originally discovered con
tained from 20,000,000 to 100,000,000
ods.
“ The word ‘bubble’ used In connec tons each of such ore. For economical
tion with mining properties formerly working of such deposits elaborate
referred to a kind of financial manage concentrating plants, capable of han
ment which could hardly be tolerated dling from 5,000 to 40,000 tons of ore
In these dry and sober days, but in the per day were necessary.
Skillful Work for Profit.
last few years bubbles have taken on a
“ These plants required the most
new and more Important significance
fo r the larger part o f the mining In skillful direction possible If a profit
dustry,” said Dean Pegram. “ The most was to be made from their operation,
Important problem o f the mining en and a demand for specialists In con
gineers Is usually how to concentrate centration Immediately $rose. Within
the mineral In low-grnde ore to such the last seven years the successful ap
on extent that the working of the ore plication o f processes of froth flotation
w ill be profitable. A process has been to the treatment of these low-grade
developed which applies particularly ores has'resulted In the saving o f four
to all sulphide ores, nnd these Include to six pounds more copper per ton than
most o f the copper, zinc and lead ores, was formerly possible.
“ The advent of flotation called for a
in which the ores may be beautifully
concentrated by the action o f fine bub mill man o f much broader scientific
bles of air attaching themselves to the education than the old concentration
particles o f mineral, finely ground and processes required. A flotation mill
man needs a working knowledge of
mixed with water.
the newest branch of physical chemis
Separate Sand and Froth.
“ The bubbles with the sulphide min try, viz., colloid chemistry, and should
eral then rise to the top as a thick also have some acquaintance with or
froth, while the sand nnd other worth ganic chemistry. Coincident with the
less material sink to the bottom of the advent o f flotation In milling there has
vessel. This flotation process has not been a revolution In the methods of
only made much more profitable the grinding ores preparatory to concen
In the old concentration
working o f the better grnde of copper, tration.
zinc nnd lead ore, but has also made processes It was Impossible to treat
very profitable the working o f ores very finely ground ore economically.
"Hence all grinding was done with
which previously could not have been
the end In view of producing ns little
handled without actual loss.
“ The whole secret o f the bubbles of slime as possible. Flotation, however,
air gathering up the mineral particles works best on finely pulverized ore.
and leaving the sand depends upon Hence It was necessary, on the Intro
treating the finely crushed ore In water duction o f flotation, to devise methods
wtth one o f various chemical sub of grinding different from those at that
stances, among them oleic acid and time In use, such methods being aimed
pine oil. Only a very small amount of at producing slime. This resulted In
the oil Is necessary, less than 1 per the Introduction o f grinding machinery
cent liy weight o f the amount of min | o f an entirely different type. In con-
nectlon with the new grinding and flo
eral that is In the ore.
“ A fter the proper reagent hns been tation machinery there was necessarily
added to the water and the finely
crushed ore, air Is Introduced into It
either by hentlng It In with a stirrer
or by forcing It In through fine pores i
-----------
i
lr. the bottom o f the vessel, or nn.v way j
In which to bring fine bubbles of the I One-Reel Motion Picture Used by A g
ricultural Depa.-tment In Edu
air Into Intimate contact with the fine
cational Campaign.
particles o f the ore. The separation Is
marvelously complete, the mineral go
Why dust Is dangerous Is shown con
ing to the top In bubbles, forming a
thick froth, which Is collected by suit clusively In a one-reel motion picture,
able arrangements, while the sand nnd “ Explosive Dusts,” recently Issued by
other gangue material settles quite the United Stntes department of ag
clean o f any valuable mineral to the riculture, In co-operation with the
United States grain corporation. The
bottom o f the vessel.
“ O f course the process Is made to picture Is a popular presentation of a
run continuously, nnd In some mills as subject that was covered more tech
much ns 4,000 tons of mineral In froth nically aud at greater length In a pre
Is separated each day. Altogether In vious two-reel subject. “ Grain-Dust
1918 there were 60,000,000 tons o f ore Explosions In Mills and Elevators,"
which traveled all over the United
treated by the flotation process.
“ It may truly be said that the future States and Into Canada and did yeo-
M AK IN G CANNED SPEECH
DRUGGISTS IN GIG NUMGERS
GREAT SAVING OF COPPER
Only 238 Permits for the Manufacture
of Intoxicants Have B;en Issued,
One-fourth of Them Being
From California.
Senator Warren G. Harding, Repub
lican presidential nominee, dictating
his first speech for a phonograph rec
ord. His subject la Americanism and
the record will be used In the cam
paign.
U A
Washington. — More thnn 57,000
druggists, retail and wholesale, nnd
manufacturers of proprietary medi
cines, flavoring extracts, sirups, etc.,
have been licensed in the United
States nnd Its consular possessions to
date, under the national prohibition
act, according to statistics Just com
plied in the office of the prohibition
commissioner, John II. Kramer.
The records of the Internal revenue
bureau also show that nearly 16,000
physicians In the United States, Ha
waii and I’ orto Rico huve received per
mits to write prescriptions calling for
the dispensation of Intoxicating liq
uors for medicinal purpose and that
additional permits at the rate of 1,000
a month are being Issued to physi
cians.
Tabulation by states o f the physi
cians licensed up to June 25 show that
the prohibition director for Massachu
setts has Issued more than 15 per cent
of the number o f such permits dis
tributed. New York state has another
15 per cent.
Massachusetts Leads.
The exact figures a re : Massachu
setts, 2,450; New York, 2,421 Pennsyl
vania. 1,525; Ohio, 1,450; Maryland.
1,225; Missouri, 1,150; Minnesota. 605.
In states such ns Illinois, Kansas and
Indiana, where state codes will not
permit o f the use of such permits, no
physicians have been licensed by the
government so to prescribe.
Porto Itlcan physicians, apparently,
are awake to their opportunities under
prohibition, 176 licenses to physicians
to prescribe Intoxicating liquors hav
ing been Issued In that'territory, or
more than have been Issued In Mlssls-
©
KM5CI. A. M tS S iX r
iv.1. ■ ..... . . . . . .
The zoo In Paris was unable longer to feed tuuuy of Its animals, and the
camels were sold to a butcher, who slaughtered them uud offered the meat to
his customers us a substitute for beef.
developed also machinery for sizing
slppl, Arkansas, New Mexico, Nevada,
and dewatering the finely ground prod
North Dakota, South Dukota. West
uct.
Virginia, Georgia, Florida and Maine
"The men who will successfully
combined.
handle this work must understand the
New York state Is far In the van In
physical principles underlying the op
number of retail and wholesale drug
erations o f ore concentration, and
gists, manufacturers of proprietary
must have. In addition, the collateral
medicines, extracts and other products
engineering knowledge essential to the
requiring the use of Intoxicating liquor
designing of structures and the Instal
ns an ingredient. Permits for these
lation of machinery, sufficient grasp of
dispensers o f products containing con
the principles of economics and busi
siderable quantities o f Intoxicants
ness to be able to Judge results from.a
have been Issued to 16,000 In New
commercial
standpoint,
sufficient
York state alone, or about 28 per cent
knowledge o f mining to understand
of the total In the country.
how ores are produced to the surface
Pennsylvania ranks second with
of the ground, and, flnnlly, sufficient
about 12,800 such permits Issued up to
knowledge of metallurgy to understand
Juno 25, Illinois Is third with nearly
the demands o f the metallurgist as to
3,1)00, Massachusetts Is fourth with
the character o f concentrate produced.
about 1,800 nnd Ohio Is less thnn a
“ The Instruction o f such men In col
hundred behind In fifth place.
lege then should consist In a founda
More thnn twice ns many permits
tion of the fundamental sciences and a
fo r the snle alone of liquors have
firm grounding In the use of the Eng
been Issued In I’ ennsylvnnln ns In nny
lish language to express ldens and to
other state. There are 602 Issued In
present results and conclusions; In
other words, such basic Instruction as
Is essential to the training of all engi
neers.
“ On this foundation should be built
a superstructure composed o f courses
leading to a thorough knowledge of the
properties and occurrences of min
erals, to an understanding of the prin
ciples and simpler details o f the design
of structures, the generation and trans
mission of power, the methods of min
ing, the general principles of metal Lack of Food and Materials Pre hibitive to build nn.v but tho simplest
structures. However, It Is believed
lurgy and the principles o f economics
vents Their Working With
that by fall conditions must Improve
and business finance and accounting.
somewhat
nnd prices will he reduced.
Old-Time
Vigor.
“ Flnnlly, following some elementary
Prices on all commodities nre most
Instruction In ore dressing, the stu
exorbitant. Men's suits that were a
dent should be assigned a definite,
few years ago 120 marks nro now
fairly difficult problem In that subject,
bringing ns high ns 2,000 to 3,000
which he Is expected to carry through
tnnrks. Shoes which were 18 to 25
to a conclusion largely by his own ef
mnrks nre now 400 to 500. Only the
forts and Initiative.
Hope to Eetablish Friendship Between
profiteers can afford such prices, nnd
“ In connection with this problem
two Countries, 8aye German Agent
there nro profiteers in Germany ns
there should be time In the curriculum
— Country at Present Hae
well ns elsewhere. All meat, flour,
to allow the student to elect one or
Nothing for Export.
sugar, butter, milk and other neces
more courses In some other depart
sities nre still rntloned by the govern
ment, preferably In chemistry, physics
New York.— The German people are
or metallurgy, such courses being along eager to work and readjust themselves ment, nnd It Is quite likely that this
will continue for some time.
the line o f the problem under Investi and pay their war Indemnities, but
Trade With Italy.
gation.”
they cannot do so until they have help
“ Trade has been established with
In tho way o f food and materlnls, ac
Italy and relations will, that country
cording to Otto J. Marum, the German
nro good, nnd gradually Improving. If
ngent for an American Leather com
the people of this country could get
pany In Milwaukee, who recently ar
real facts nnd correct statements, there
rived from Germany. lie says that the
would he little, If any, ill feeling be
man service In helping to stop the dls German workman Is so underfed that
tween tho two countries. The war feel
asters that threatened America’s bread I ho ennnot possibly do a proper day's
ing Is rapidly disappearing nnd In Ger
supply during the war.
work, and that the high prices for all
many there Is none of the hate that
The old two-reel picture Is being re- j the necessities there, combined with some of tho newspapers speak of.
talned for the use o f workers In the! the pny of the laborer with the mark There exlxts the best of feeling
bureau of chemistry. The new one-] at Its present low rate of value, Is throughout Germany for tho Ameri
reeler Is especially designed for show causing hardships and great suffering cans in genernl.
ing In high schools nnd other scholas among the working classes that can
"The Influx of the Senegal negroes
tic Institutions, as well ns before grain scarcely be realized.
to Frankfort nnd other places In Oer-
“
The
visitors
who
come
to
Germany,
and nilUtng men, fire prevention and
mnny enused no end of III feeling nnd
Insurance associations, and others di put up at the best hotels where there misunderstanding, with keen bitter
Is
plenty
of
good
food,
and
make
a
rectly Interested In the subject.
ness. Tho negroes were quartered In
Requests for the lonn o f the film superficial Inspection of some of the tho school bouses nnd other public
should be made through some field more accessible districts, cannot Judgo buildings nnd so much disorder result
worker o f the department o f agricul o f the lack o f food throughout the ed that flnnlly the French were obliged
ture, or they may be sent directly to country," said Mr. Marum. “ Deformed to remove them.
the department.
Arrangements also children nre seen everywhere where
"Th e German people nre mainly law
have been made enabling outside per-1 the working people live, but one falls abiding, nnd the holshevlkl will never
sons and institutions to buy prints of to take Into consideration that their take a strong hold there. Tho great
whole organism Is undermined und
the film at the cost of manufacture.
mass of people ore good workers nnd
that they will always bear the marks
very Industrious, If given a chance,
of what they have suffered In the last
and nre not at all In sympathy with
few years.
the methods of the present disturbers
Nothing for Export.
Modern Sampson Unhurt
of Europe. Their ambition Is to be
“ There Is nothing at present for ex
come n steady, progressive country,
By Toppling Building
port, partly because of the great
but they greatly need assistance to
dearth of coal for factories and manu
i build up anil grow strong again. Their
Sampson was pretty good at
facturing purposes, nnd also hcenuse
i coal fields are now owned by Frnnce;
handling buildings but he could
there nre so few raw materials. The
i their farm lands bnvo deteriorated,
boast o f no superiority over
raw materluls now available fill only a
nnd much of their manufacturing run-
John Pettlbone, a New York
very small percentage of the domestic
! ehlnery la gone. It Is next to tmpos-
city laborer.
needs. The people are striving to at
\ stble for
the farmers to operate, be
A fter a two-story frame build
tain their old-tline efficiency, but liv
cause of the senrrity of farm lnbor
ing had toppled over on Petti-
ing costs must go down In order that
and tlie cost o f that available. There
bone, and the employees, whose
wages may be reduced for profitable
; la a great shortage of potatoes, ns the
lives he had saved by his shout
production.
\ [s>tnto fields of Posen are now owned
o f warning, together with a de
“ Th e same general problems that con
. by tlie Polish nation.”
tail o f police and two fire com
front other countries now are present
panies had dog him out, Pettl
In Gennuny In a more aggravated
bone walked disdainfully home,
Sitters Meet After Years.
form. For Instance, the housing prob
leaving the ambulance and pul-
Springfield, O.— Mrs. Thomas Smith
lem had reached a much more acute
motor crews rubbing their eyes.
state than here. The government made of Jackson, O., nnd Mrs. James Dela
SttirCrCrtrtrtrCrCrtiirtrtr'uirù an effort to adjust this by obliging ney o f Pot^svlllc, I ’a., sisters, met here
those wtth more rooms In their resi the other day for the first time In 58
dences thnn were actually needed for I years at the home of Sirs. Smith's son,
Gray Timber W olf Killed.
their own fnin'lles to take others Into Thomas M. Smith. Both lived In
Richmond, Ind.— A
gray timber their homes— ns renters, of course— Pottavllle when little girls.
Flfty-
j wolf, weighing 60 pounds or more, was
but since they are allowed the use of ! eight years ago Mrs. Smith earn« to
; killed the other day by James Kees. the kitchens and laundries nnd other Ohio nnd settled In Jnrkson. The long
! who lives east o f this d ty. In a woods parts o f the houses the arrangement 1 separation was the result o f both hav
I adjoining the golf links o f the Rich has made for great confusion and ing large families which required their
mond Country club. The animal had ( much discontent.
I attention. Mrs. Smith has 17 children
been preying on poultry In the vicinity
“ The high prices for all building and Mrs. Dclnney lias 14. One o f Mrs.
for several days. Kees killed the anl- materials nnd the high wages for i Delaney's sons, Thomas, o f Phllndel-
I mat with a rifle after several shot*.
workmen hare made It almost pro 1 phla, cam“ here with her.
DANGERS OF DUST SHOWN
Just to show that the disturbance recently enacted at Lbe opening o f her
show In London Is deeply regretted, the English theater going public. Is now
tendering to Laurette Taylor many demonstrations of their approval. At a
performance a week ago, she was presented with a beautiful wreath of flower*,
and the boys' band from one o f the orphan homes near London played for her.
Camel Meat Is Put on Sale in Paris
Nearly 16,000 Physicians Have
Received Permits to Write
Prescriptions.
Fortunes Extracted Daily From
Froth by Treatment of Low-
Grade Ores.
Now Making It U p to Her
‘DRY’ LICENSES
EXCEED 57,000
German People
Eager to W ork
HAVE NO HATE FOR AMERICANS
the Keystone stnte out of 3,243 for the
entire country. These are Issued prin
cipally to distillers nnd others, having
Intoxicating stuff In bond, but soma
wholesale liquor dealers nnd possibly
some druggists mny be found In this
class.
Permit* for Manufacture.
Only 238 permits for the manufac
ture of Intoxicants have been Issued,
nnd more than a fourth o f these, or
64, hnve gone to the wineries o f Cali
fornia. Tw o permits of this class hnve
been Issued to distillers of whisky,
both In Pennsylvania, according to en
forcement officials.
Thirty-five of the sixty ^ctlflcrs'
license have been granted to firms In
New York state.
Ohio’s state prohibition director hns
Issued more permits for the trans
portation of Intoxicating liquor than
nny other, with 350. Kentucky ts sec
ond with 251 nnd Pennsylvania third
with 199. Massachusetts ranks fourth
with 147, California fifth with 140,
New York sixth with 128, Connecticut
seventh wtth 112 and Missouri eighth
with 99.
All other classes o f permits for tha
use In nny way of intoxicating liquor,
In Its Importation or exportation, for
mnnufncture or use o f Intoxlcnttng
cider for conversion Into vinegar, and
for the sale or purchase of nlcohollc
preparations, sirups und beverages of
more thnn hnlf of 1 per cent alcoholic
contents nre Issued direct from the
prohibition commissioner's office, aa
also nro penults to operate dealcohol«
lzlng plants and rectification establish
ments.
Permits “ H " for the use of Intoxi
cating liquors— In the manufacture of
medicinal preparations, extracts, sir
ups, etc.— have been Issued rip to the
number of 45,808 nnd permits “ I” for
tho “ use nnd sale” o f such liquors
have been Issued up to the number of
11,370. These two classes o f permits
lake In both wholesalers and retailers
of Intoxicants—always with tho quali
fication "fo r medicinal purposes"— nnd
because of the confusion resulting
from these similar classifications. " I f ”
nnd "1" permits now are being consol
idated In many Instances so that drug
gists, for Instance, mny not only dis
pense whisky, etc., on prescription, hut
may njso use It In concocting medicinal
preparations o f more than nnu half
o f 1 per cent nlcohollc content.
At the present rate of withdrawal
from bond It will take only five years
for the available supply of whisky In
the United States to be consumed.
FEUDS K ILL TOWN OF 1,000
Ferguson, Okla., Dies Fighting— Had
No Church and but Small
School.
Oklahoma City, Okla.— Hate killed
Ferguson. Fifteen years ago n town
of 1,000 people, having n large salt
factory, n gypsum plant and shipping
facilities, Ferguson today Is dead. Ry
order of tho post offee department tho
office hns been closed, nnd soon the
rnllrond will be discontinued, with
trains running only to Hitchcock.
Ferguson Is said to have died fight
ing ns It had lived. Main street fights
were common. West o f town alleged
outlaws "Yeager" nnd “ Black," had
their rendezvous, from where they are
said to hnve stolen horses and cattle
o f farmers and citizens.
Ferguson never hnd a chnrcli, nor
talk of a church. Tho only school-
house In Its history would not seat
more thnn twenty-five children.
To Flog Profiteers
Is Aim of This Bill
Budapest.— In deference to
urgent requests o f the nntlonnl
assembly the Hungarian gov
ernment hns drafted n hill pre
scribing corporal punishment for
profiteers.
^
‘j f r ù ù ’i r ù irtitr tr fiù-CrCfCrù-Crùi
Create Civilian Union*.
Brussels.— Most o f the large cities
of Belgium, following the examples
given In France and Switzerland, nre
creating civilian unions, whose chief
aim la to combat political strikes and
assure the working of public service*