y
4
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BRANDS AND STANDARDS TEND TO DEVELOP
BETTER FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC MARKETS
MARINES RAISING STARS AND STRIPES AT ST. THOMAS
I w
M UST M A K E B E T T E R B U T T E R
Imports Emphasize Impressive Lesson
for Dairymen— Foreign Com
petition Active.
T o meet foreign competition, dairy
farmers o f the United States must be
able to produce a better quality o f
product and produce and mnrket It
more economically and more efficient
ly, according to specialists in the
bureau o f markets, United States de
partment o f agriculture.
Arrivuls o f shipments o f Danish but
United States marines raising the Sturs and Stripes over the fort ut St. Thomas, once u stronghold for pirate* ter are already affecting prices on the
New York City market. Argentina Is
This “ paradise of Jolly Rogers" Is now guarded and policed hy men of the marine corps.
producing nearly three times the
amount o f butter and cheese con
sumed, and some o f the surplus may
be expected to come to this country
or compete with our products In for
eign countries. Before the war Si
beria was rapidly extending its dairy
industry and when conditions become
settled In that country It may be ex
pected to come back as a factor in
the world’s market. Recently there
have been signs o f interest in dairy
ing in South Africa, and the industry
as developed in New Zealand and Aus
tralia must be reckoned with.
I f the dairy products manufactured
in the United States are o f a better
quality than those from other countries
they need not feur competition. Can
ada’s cheese industry illustrates this.
A strict system o f government super
vision in the training o f cheese
makers, in the operating o f the fac
tories, and in the grading, marketing
and exporting o f the product, exists
there. This has tended toward an
improvement in the quality o f Ca
nadian cheese until it ranks with the
finest on the English markets.
The dairy industry in Argentina has
A group o f liig business and real estate men o f Chicago have formed the Chicago Housing association to project grown rapidly since the beginning o f
plans for building homes at cost, to he sold to the public at cost. Members o f the Chicago Housing association, made the war. Before the war butter ex-
u tour of inspection o f the new homes which the association is constructing nt Pleasant Gardens on the South side.
One hundred and seventy-live houses, all fireproof, are to be erected by the association. About sixty are nearly
completed at the present time. These homes will be sold to the wage earners at cost, approximately $4,000, on a
basis o f 10 per cent cash and the balance within 15 years.
SOLVING THE HOUSING PROBLEM IN CHICAGO
RETURNING TREATY TO PRESIDENT
S LA Y S M OUNTAIN LIO N
Part of One of Shipments of Danish
Butter Arriving in New York Which
Have Caused American Dairy In
terests to See the Possibility of
Growing Foreign Competition.
ports from that country totaled 3,262
tons a yea r; in 1918 they were five
times that. Cheese exports were far
exceeded by the imports in 1913. Now
the conditions are reversed— over 6,000
tons o f cheese being exported in 1918.
Today most o f these exports are
going to European markets, but
should conditions become favorable It
may be expected that some o f these
w ill come to this country. The bu
reau o f markets warns dairymen to be
prepared to meet this competition.
By a vote of 47 to 37, the rejected treaty was returned to the president.
Left to right : W. L. Van Horn and O. A. Sanderson, secretary o f the senate,
who is carrying the defeated document to the executive office o f the White
House.
SOLVES LANDING PROBLEM OF PLANES
Mr. J. W. Howell with the mountain
CANS B E T T E R T H A N B U C K ET S
lton he killed. Mr. Howell was watch
ing a full-grown cow elk which he had M o s t C onvenient fo r C o llecting M ilk
approached to within 20 feet, when
a t Barns and Conveying I t to
this mountain lion leaped upon the elk
the House.
and killed her, and Mr. Howell then
killed the lion.
Milk and cream from even a fe w
cows can be much more conveniently
FR A N C E 'S G R E A T E S T B EA U T Y handled In regular milk cans than In
the shallow pans and wide-mouthed
buckets commonly used. Cans nre con
venient fo r collecting the milk at the
barn and transferring it to the house.
These cans may be bought in vari
ous sizes. For handling cream and
sklmmllk where separators nre used,
or even where cream is set to sour for
buttermaking, the "shotgun can” Is
very convenient. It can be easily cov
ered and set In water and is conven
ient to handle.
D IF F IC U L T CH URNING C A U SES
Am ong O th e r T hing s C ream M a y Be
T o o T h in and T e m p e ra tu re M ay
N o t Da R ig h t
Difficult churning may be due to sev
eral factors:
T oo thin cream. It should test be
tween 30 to 35 per cent fat.
W rong churning temperature o f the
cream. Sixty degrees Is about right.
In a few Instances It may be due to
the action o f certain germs.
In some Instances it may be due to
feeding foods which produce a large
5.868 Filipinos Served in Navy.
The "Gyrocopter,” Henry A. Berliner’s new machine thut Is designed to
It Is not generally known that 5.868 percentage o f hard fats.
enable an airplane to rise or descend on a very small area. This machine,
Sour cream churns easier than sweet
which will operate Independently when tilted forward, will fly horizontally. Filipinos have served In the American
cream.
navy.
The tilting I* accomplished hy changing the center o f lifting pressure.
Mile. Lucille Batalile, selected by a
committee o f prominent politicians,
artists, and theatrical managers as
France’s'most beautiful girl, during re
cent contest nt Hotel do Vllle. She
wns awarded prize nfter careful se
lection from almost 1,000 contestants,
and crowned as the queen o f queen*
inspecting B u tte r P re p a rato ry to S hipping I t to a Foreign M a rk e t. O thefi
T h in g s Being Equal, Inspected P roducts A re Counted M ore D esirab ltf
T h a n Those N o t Inspected.
(Prepared by the United States Depart have developed some trade there in re*
ment o f Agriculture.)
cent months.
There may be nothing in a name, but
I f the United States Is to keep its
there is a lot in a brand, especially present export trade In dairy products
In the export trade. Practically all ex and not suffer from possible competi
port business o f food products Is han tion in home markets, It is necessary
dled on a basis o f branded goods. To to pay more attention to the quality o f
a much greater extent than the Ameri its products and make fuller use o f
can producer realizes foreign buyers brands and scores in handling its but
make use o f brands in purchasing ter production. What applies to dairy
products by cable, and importers in products applies to many other lines
foreign lands depend upon brands in ns well.
judging the ^quality o f the products
they handle.
There are three ways o f buying
goods fo r export. One way is by the
use o f samples o f standard products,
another by orders, often cabled, giving
instructions to agents to buy specified
quantities o f certain branded prod Size of Building Should Be Gov*
ucts; the third method, by fa r the
emed by Number of Hens.
least used, is fo r an importer to visit
foreign countries in person and select
products wanted.
Smaller Breeds Being More Active and
Advantages o f Brands.
Restless Require About as Much
In the United States the use of
Space as Larger Ones— Make
standard and o f many copyrighted
Structure Square.
brands on domestic products has
helped sell goods o f various kinds and
trade-marked goods o f quality have en
The size o f the hen house should be
joyed wider distribution than non governed by the size o f the flock. From
standard, unbranded products. Many 40 to 50 seems to be about as many
concerns that have not developed any birds as are safe to keep together.
export business own copyrighted trade With flocks o f this size from four to
marks on products sold in home mar five square feet of floor space should
kets which they value among the chief be allowed to each bird. This will
assets o f their business.
suffice In most cases where careful at
O f course it is not enough merely to tention is given to cleanliness and ven
use brands, but their use today is com- ■ tilation.
I f the fow ls are kept in
ing more and more to be backed up smaller flocks more floor space to a
by quality in the goods so labeled. Es bird w ill be needed.
pecially is this true where products
In sections where the climate is so
nre widely advertised. There are some mild that it is unnecessary to keep
commodities for which a brand Is in fowls confined, except fo r a few days
itself an advertisement and when this ar a time, less space to a bird should
brand becomes known among buyers be sufficient. The smaller breeds, being
ns a guaranty of quality or grade, It more active and restless, require about
serves to expedite the sale o f the prod as much room as the larger breeds.
uct.
For the greater amount o f floor
Take butter, fo r example, o f which space fo r the least cost a building
the United
States
exported
over should be square. Other things being
.‘{0,000,000 pounds during the first ten equal, the nearer square a house is
months o f 1919.
A large amount o f the less lumber it will take according
American butter is shipped without to poultry specialists o f the United
inspection or grading; it is not han States department o f agriculture. H ow
dled so that foreign buyers know what ever, it is sometimes out o f the ques
they are receiving and ns a result it tion to build a large house square. A
does not sell as well in foreign mar building should not be so wide that
kets as butter from countries where the sun cannot reach the back o f the
inspection and branding are practiced. house, otherwise it w ill be damp.
Investigators in the dairy market Fourteen feet is convenient- width.
ing division o f the federal bureau of Build the house as low as possible
markets has found that unbrnnded but without danger of attendants bumping
ter from the United States, while sell their heads against the celling, fo r the
ing freely during the present scarcity low house is more easily warmed than
o f butter in other countries, is not like a high one.
ly to retain a hold on foreign buyers
after other countries resume exporta
tion. In this fact is an important les POOR H A T C H ES A R E COM M ON
son not only fo r dairy interests but
other producers desirous o f expanding Condition of Eggs Previous to H a tc h
ing Is M ore A p t T h a n Incuba
their trade abroad.
Creamery men
tion to Be Cause.
cannot expect to develop a foreign
market fo r their products unless they
Poor hatches are common with poul-
establish reputations fo r their goods
Just as manufacturers in other lines trymen, but what causes them is a
have done— and standards or brands much discussed question. The answer
are a great aid In such business devel depends on r. great variety o f circum
stances. The condition o f the eggs
opment.
previous to hatching is more apt than
Building a Foreign T rade.
the Incubation to be the cause, al
Before the war Denmnrk was a large
though improper handling in either
factor In the international trade in
case w ill produce the same results,
butter. She has been famous for her
says the United States department o f
dnlry products fo r years, not only on
agriculture. When eggs fail to hatch,
the continent, but in South America,
first see whether the breeding stock
where even in out-of-the-way corners
is kept under conditions which tend
o f the tropics travelers found the only
to produce strong, fertile germs in
butter available came in cans with a
the eggs; next, whether the eggs have
Danish label. New Zealand has built
been handled properly before incuba
up a trade with Europe in butter tion ; and lastly, whether the condi
through a government inspection serv tions were right during Incubation.
ice, and butter must measure up to
When an incubator is used a daily
certain standards before the Inspectors
temperature record should be kept o f
w ill place their stamp upon it.
each machine. The operator can then
Inspection Service.
compare the temperature at which
This idea oi Inspected and branded the machines have been maintained.
butter is not new in the United States, This may prove o f value in the fu
fo r the federal department o f agricul ture, especially i f the brooder records
ture has been inspecting Interstate and can be checked back against those o f
Canal zone shipments of butter fo r the incubator.
some time. This inspection, however,
is not compulsory, and has not ns yet
been applied to export trade to any N E V E R P LO W U N D ER M A N U R E
great extent. Recently a large purchase
o f butter fo r export was inspected by W hen Seeding F ie ld to C lo ve r F e r ti
liz e r and Disking Leave Much
a United States government Inspector
to Conserve M oisture.
at the request o f the purchaser who
bought the butter subject to inspection.
Never plow under manure or fe r
This Is said to be the first time that
tilizers when seeding a field to clover.
inspection by any government hns been
The manure and disking leave an ex
naked fo r on any large amount o f but
cellent mulch on the surface o f the
ter exports. Exporters in the United I
ground which conserves moisture, es
States who ship to Central America
pecially during the hot dry weather
usually us" brands on their butter and t in midsummer.
SMALL HOUSES BEST
FOR CHICKEN FLOCK