BIG INCREASE IN
PAPER MONEY
UNCLE SAM AS A HUNTER AND TRAPPER
World’s Supply Is Seven Times
What It Was in
1914 .
FIGURES ARE ILLUMINATING
Statistics G ive an Idea o f Inflation of
W o rld ’s C u rre n c y — C en tra l P ow ers
W o rst O ff— Increase M ostly in
B eligerent Countries.
The government, In aid o f the farmers who suffer greatly from Hit* depredations o f wild unlinuhi that destroy
(crops and live stock, now employs between 400 and 500 professional hunters und trappers. One o f them is her«
shown with his month's catch in Idaho.
f " .................................. ................ ..
Clever Tricks
of Bootleggers
_________
#
Maine Variety Have Many
Dodges to Fool the Federal
Agents.
FOUNTAIN SYRINGES USED
"W a lk in g Speakeasies” A re the H a r d
est to Catch— L iq u o r Is Cached
in O dd Places by Itin era n t
Venders.
Buffalo, N. Y.— John M. Evans, who
says he has had years o f experience
In enforcing the prohibitory laws in
the state o f Maine, stopped off in
Buffalo, says the Courier of that
city, for a few hours and related some
Interesting methods of conducting the
liquor business under strict enforce
ment.
Mr. Evans told o f many ways of
handling “ wet” goods used by “ boot
leggers,” hut not one of the hundreds
with whom lie lias come In contact
ever used n bootleg ns n depository
fo r his stock in trade.
"W h ile the name still sticks to In
dividuals who defy the liquor law out
side o f regular saloons and kitchen
barrooms, the bootleg full o f booze
censed to be when the high boots with
¡loose tops went out of style.
W as Ea sy to Get Booze.
"Up to the time o f the passage of
the Webb law by tile federal govern
ment a few years ngo,” Mr. Evans
sakl, “ providing for the labelling of
all ‘wet’ goods handled by express
companies and other common carriers,
it Was a comparatively easy matter
to gel a plentiful supply o f liquor from
Boston wholesalers, and even after
that most of tlie bootleggers mnnnged
Ito smuggle in by water or nutomoblle,
(and ttiere were some who concocted
a mixture out o f alcohol, water, burnt
|sugur and a dasli of tabasco, which
it hey passed off on many an unsuspect
in g victim.
"T lie hardest bird we ever had to
iconteml with was putting out booze
for years. W e knew he was doing !t,
■but we could not get the goods on him,
land It was a long time before we got
¡him, even after we were wise to his
¡system. Tills was his system :
i “ At night lie would load his over
coat up with pints, half-pints and oc
casionally n quart. These he would
plant, one in a pile of clapboards In a
lumber yard, another In n junk pile
and still another under n doorstep or
In a rubbish barrel in an nlley. The
next day his customers would come
to him, pay him for their purchase,
and he would direct them to the near
est plant.
“ We began to be suspicious o f him
(after a woman reported seeing a man
(remove a bottle from the muzzle of
¡one o f the two historic cannon thnt
(guard the Soldiers' monument. Final-
fly we trailed him at night, watched
¡ldin sow his crop, hnrvested It and
Then placed him under nrrest.
Strangers “ N ot W an ted.”
"W e were unable to get a conviction
against him, although the fellow was
¡not working and hail no visible means
¡of support. It was not until we caught
him napping with a couple o f stool ;
pigeons that we dually convicted him.
In order for the system to work out
well the bootlegger must be well ae- j
—
|
AND HE LOOKS HAPPY
$
*
t
*
,
J
i
J
*
J
*
J
»
—
Berlin. — Herman
textbooks
hereafter will lie minus the for-
merly Inevitable pictures o f the
kaiser and his predecessors on
the Prussian throne, as a result
o f an order by the minister of
education, who also rules out all
anecdotes of the Hohensollerns
“ which might serve only to glorl-
fy the dynssty and foster the
inonarchistlc Idea In the minds
o f the pupils."
♦ • * • * * .................................
This religious fanatic o f India has
J an Idea that by making himself uncom
• fortable in this world he w ill have
l things soft In the next. Ills sent Is a
* I bonrd dotted with spikes upon which
! he has sentenced himself to stay
* awhile, partly as a penance, purity to
, ! convince the l>elievers thnt a holy man
J Is Insensible to the things that are
< extremely painful to the average per
J son. lie must have convinced himself
# ns well, for even a stoic would balk
J at smiling In such an U 'intertable
0 place.
__
*
*
t
J
quainted with his customers and have
their conddence in n large degree.
“ Another popular method o f dis
pensing the hard stuff was through a
couple o f fountain syringes, suspend
ed from the shoulders one In front and
one on the back. They would dll a
flask or serve by the drink as desired.
“ When things begin to get too hot
for the pocket peddlers,” Mr. Evans
continued, “ they solicit business and j
dll each order one at a time by taking
the customers’ money, going to the
hide and returning with the goods. I
doubt If there Is sufficient trust In
one’s fellow man for this system to
work out successfully in a city the
size o f Buffalo.
"W e have picked up men with a
considerable stock o f booze on their
persons while to nil appearances It
did not seem possible thnt the indi
vidual could have more than a dusk
or so.
“ In the days before the form-dttlng
clothes, when long coats and peg-top
trousers were In style, many a suit
was tailored with huge pockets In the
trousers, and sometimes Inside the
coat under the arms.
“ The blind tiger, so popular In the
South, was never used much in Mnlne.
Its only recommendation is thnt It o f
fers more or less safety In selling to
strangers.
You
put
your
money
through n small opening In a wall and
out through the opening comes a
drink.
Beer W as T o o B u lk y.
"The methods used by saloon keep
ers to keep out o f the clutches o f the
law were almost os numerous ns those
o f bootlegging. The drst step o f the
saloon keeper when the lid was
clamped down was to eliminate beer
and ale all together, as it was too
bulky to handle In the event o f a raid.
In those days near-beer was a much
despised and little known article In
Maine.
But when the district at
torney haled all snloon keepers who
possessed a United Stntes license be
fore the grand Jury and fnttened the
county’s treasury by about $500 a
head, they began to take more kindly
to near-beer, as it proved an alibi for
the federal tax.
“ In dry spells some saloons would
sell only by the bottle to those they
knew very well, while others would
\ German Textbooks Bar
j
*
Kaiser’s Whole Family ;
*
J
---- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%««««%%%«%%%«%%«%«%^
t
j Engineer Refused
\
to Spoil This ‘‘Lie” \
0
J
0
\
0
J
1
J
J
,
J
0
\
0
*0
0
J
J
t
J
0
Pinehurst, N. C.— The defer-
ence paid to golf here is itnpres-
sive. Miss M etcalf Keating o f
the Agawam Hunt club, hooked
her drive to the railroad tracks
near the club house just as a
trnln was coming along.
The engineer, leaning out o f
the cab window, saw the ball
come to rest between the rails,
saw it perch itself upon an ideal
but precarious tee in the form
o f a tiny pile o f cinders, grasped
the situation and the airbrake
control at the same time and
brought the train to a sudden
stop.
The passengers may have been
slightly shaken up in the proc-
ess, but Miss K eating’s lie was
not disturbed. The train waited
until a good recovery shot had
been played and then resumed
its Journey northward to less
considerate climes.
*
*
‘
J
«
J
0
J
•
\
*
\
*
0
J
0
J
*
J
•
0
*
#
J
0
New Y'ork.— The world’s paper mon
ey Is now seven times the amount It
was in 1914, while the gold supply,
back o f the paper, has increased less
Ilian one-half In the five years since
the war started.
This comparison
conveys a faint idea o f the inflation
of the world’s currency, which econo
mists reckon as one o f the chief caus
es of skyrocketing prices and high
cost o f living.
The 700 per cent Jump In pnper
money, too, Is exclusive o f the issues
of currency by the bolshevlst govern
ment o f Russia, which has kept the
printing presses turning out shlnplas-
ters by the bale. The situation Is
brought right down to date by the sta
tistical department of the National
City bank o f New York, which has
just issued world figures to the be
ginning o f 1920. The tables are Il
luminating.
When the war started In 1914, thir
ty principal countries o f the world
had. In round numbers, about $7,000,-
000,000 o f paper currency.
At the
armistice It had Jumped to about $40,-
000,000,000, or more than five times as
high. Since the armistice It has gone
up to about $51,000,000,000. This is
outside the $34,000,000,000 which. It Is
estimated, the bolshevlst government
has Industriously turned out.
$2,000,000,000 More Gold Reserve.
Meanwhile what was happening to
the gold reserves back o f the notes In
the thirty countries?
In 1914 they
amounted, roughly, to $5,000,000,000.
They are now about $7,000,000,000.
Notes have thus increased more than
700 per cent and gold less than 50 per
cent.
Back In 1914 the ratio o f gold re
serves to outstanding notes In the thir
ty countries were 70 per cent. By the
time o f the armistice It had fallen to
18.4 per cent, while last Christmas
time It had dropped still lower to 13.7
per cent.
The allies, so the tables o f the Na
tional City bank show, taken as a
group at the sfart o f the war, had
$3,763,000,000 o f gold and $4,900,000,-
000 o f paper. At Its finish they had
$5,217,000,000 of gold and $25,000,000,-
000 o f paper, and now they have of
gold $5,071,000,000 and of paper $29,-
BARONESS ROMANO AVEZZANO
Newlyweds Lo t in
Dense a aine Woods
Lenox, Mass, a story o f how
Mr. and Mrs. Ailelbert I. Newton
were lost in tlie northern waste
o f the Maine uoods and wander
ed about for lour days without
shelter or fo o d was revealed In
a letter received here from Mr.
Newton.
The Newtons were married In
Exeter, N. H. Both loving the
wilds, they went Into the Maine
woods for their honeymoon.
From a camp they started for
a walk and lost their way. They
were without a compass and fo l
lowed n moose trail which led
them away from all human habi
tation.
Unable to locate their camp or
a cabin they passed three nights
out of doors, subsisting on dried
berries. Finally they came out on
a stream and followed It to a
hunting lodge.
ment was the other way, their gold In
creasing faster than their currency.
The ratio rose from 44.3 per cent In
191 1 to 59.9 per cent last December.
From 1914 to last December the ra
tio o f gold reserve to currency notes,
the tables show, fe ll in France from
62 per cent to 9.6; in Great Britain
from 134 to 22.9 per cent; in Italy
from 70 per cent to 7.5; In the United
States from 99.6 per cent to 52.3.
W hile world paper currency was In
creasing seven-fold national debts,
represented by bonds and other prom
ises to pay, rose from $40,000,000,000
to $260,000,000,000 ; hank deposits and
the use of checks and other circulat
ing media made a corresponding ad
vance, while meantime gold produc
tion fell off from $460,000,000 a year in
1914 to $350,000.000 in 1919.
The statisticians say that the most
Baroness Ronmno Avezzano, the
w ife o f the new Italian ambassador
who recently arrived In this country,
was form erly Miss Marie Jaequelln
Taylor, daughter of the late Mortimer
Taylor o f St. Louis, and Mrs. Fred
erick Clark o f Staten Island.
astonishing, not to say incomprehen
sible, feature In the world's finances
has been the inflation occurring In the
year follow ing the armistice.
U n d e r Same Nam e 1,000 Ye a rs.
London.— In preparing the papers
for n transfer o f the license o f the
“ King and Tinker" at Enfield, search
of the records showed that the place
had been run under the same name
as a public house fo r more than
1,000 years, making it perhaps the old
est Inn in England.
LOOK OUT FOR
POISON IN FOOD
sell only by the drink, going on the
basis that liquor In a man’s system
could not be produced as evidence.
In the latter places the saloon keeper
usually kept a pitcher full of booze
talner, sign o f gas, or any evidence
under the bar handy to the sink. Sev
o f decomposition whatever, should be
eral convictions were obtained In
discarded.
such cases, however. The combina
T ra c e Poisonous Food.
tion o f finding a whisky glass, the
The department o f agriculture has
odor o f liquor and the presence o f a
used every possible effort nnd gone to
drunk or two In the bar room being
the limit o f Its legal authority to re
sufficient to convince the Judge.
move all dangerous foods from the
“ The wiser ones would have two
market by seizure under the food nnd
pitchers, one on each side o f the sink,
drugs act, sny the officials. Each time
one full o f ammonia and one full of
000 , 000 , 000 .
B otulin us Poison R esponsible fo r F a when botulinus poisoning has occurred
whisky. One sweep o f the arm would
The central powers— Germany, Aus
talities— N o Method of P reservin g
food inspectors have traee<f through
dump them both Into the sink. The
tria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey—
the channels of commerce the batch
Food Found T h a t E lim in ates
odor o f the ammonia would prevent
went into the war with $600,000,000 o f
from which the poisonous food came
Occasional Spoiled Package.
the odor o f whisky to be noticeable
gold and $1,200,000,000 o f paper. At
nnd have used all measures under
and the contents o f the sink could be
the armistice they had $686,000,000 o f
Washington.— Botulinus poisoning, the law to remove It from the market.
analyzed only as spirits o f ammonia.
gold and $12,305,0000.000 o f paper, which recently killed six In one fam Samples from all other brands put
“ A ll the sqloons In the state were
while now their paper has gone up to ily in New York, Is caused by eat out by the packer have been examined.
tilled with ingenious ’hides,’ most of
$18,771,000,000.
ing spoiled food Infected with the ba Since the law authorizes seizure in
which defied detection. When a ‘hide’
T o reduce It to percentages, the ra cillus botulinus, say the officials of such cases only when the foods are
was discovered It was generally the
tio o f gold to paper at the stnrt o f the the bureau o f chemistry, United States actually found to be decomposed or
result o f some disgruntled employee
war w as: Allies, 76.6 per cent; cen department o f agriculture, who have to contain poisonous Ingredients, since
giving the thing away. They range
tral powers, 49.7 per cent. At the ar Investigated this nnd other poisoning only an occasional package In millions
in cnpnclty from ’hides’ large enough
mistice the ratio w as:
Allies, 20.9 cases In connection with the enforce is Infected with bacillus botulinus,
to hold a half-pint close to the bar
per cen t; central powers, 3.5 per cent. ment of the food and drugs act. In nnd since It Is physically possible to
Itself to false cellar walls behind
At the outset o f 1920 the ratio stood: the New York case death was caused open and examine but a comparatively
which ten barrels might be concealed.
Allies, 17.1 per ct n t; central powers, by botulinus poison in ripe olives. few o f the millions o f cans entering
Most o f the saloons had large and
1.7 per cent.
The olives remaining In the bottle In Interstate commerce. It Is beyond the
small ’hides,’ the smaller ones being
Increase in B elligerent C ountries.
this case had an offensive odor. The power o f the authorities to protect
filled up dally from the big one by
For this rea
Naturally most o f this Increase oc same condition was found In the food the public completely.
the boss himself.
“ Some o f the ‘hides' consist of tanks curred In tlie belligerent countries. in other cases investigated by the de son they emphasize the necessity for
All spoiled food does not scrupulous care on the part of per
set Inside o f hewed-out girders In the The ratio between gold and notes In partment.
contain
this
poison, but any spoiled sons opening nnd serving foods to dis
the
twenty-three
countries
and
col
floor above.
These were connected
card anything which Is spoiled.
In
with a small pipe which generally onies which participated in the war food, even though the spoilage be
products not obviously spoiled. If there
ended In a little ‘office’ right off the fe ll from 71.3 per cent In July, 1914, slight, may contain It, nnd for this
I bar. You would order a pint, the bar to 15.8 per cent In November, 1918, reason, sny the officials, all food show Is doubt In the recognition o f the odor,
proper to the product, thorough cook
tender would return to the ‘office,’ and to 11.2 last December. Among ing even the slightest unnatural odor,
ing will remove the possibility o f dan
close a door, remove a calendar from the eight principal neutrals the move- unnatural color, swelling o f the con-
ger from botulism. I f spoilage Is ap
the wall, behlud which was a little
parent, destruction is recommended by
disguised gnscock, from this he would
the specialists.
remove a cap and draw off the re
M yste ry A b o u t It.
quired amount. Other stores o f booze
Nobody knows just how the bacil
were kept In the tanks o f flush closets,
lus botulinus gets into any particu
which could be flushed from behind
lar food. It has been found In arti
the bar in case the searchers got too
cles put up In the home by the care
close and the evidence would go down
ful housewife and In goods packed In
the sewer.
commercial establishments.
It may
"Some had their main ’hides,’ on
be present In a few packages only o f
adjoining property that would not be
any lot. There Is no method, the offi
covered by the search w arrant to
cials say, by which the packers or
which access was had by means of
home canners can assure themselves
secret doors and subterranean pas
by casual examination before canning
sages.”
that the product does not contain the
Beer Sold O penly.
bacillus botulinus.
“ What about 2.75 per cent beer?”
I f the food was In all cases proper
was nsked.
ly sterilized and perfectly sealed, the
“ Ever since 2.75 per cent beer was
development o f the poison would be
brewed." he replied, “ It has been on
Impossible, but no method o f preserv
sale openly In Maine.
Fruit stores
ing food has yet been found, the
and small stands o f all kinds paid $25
specialists say, that eliminates the oc
ter a federal license and put in a
casional spoiled package.
Failure to
stock o f bottled beer, while the sa
sterilize may not become apparent for
loons sold the bottled and draught!
weeks, or even months after the can-
goods both. I f the saloons have a 1
| nlng of the article. I f signs o f spoil
right to sell It because it Is non-in
age have appeared when the can Is
toxicating and If It Is non-intoxicat
' opened. It is clear warning that the
ing I can't see the necessity o f carry
product is no longer edible. There Is
ing aa excessive tax.
1 can't see
I no greater probability o f botulinus
1 what Is there to prevent soda
foun-
poisoning In olives than In many other
1 tains or anyone selling 2.75 beer nf-1
food products, either commercial or
! ter paying the federal tax o f $25.
j domestic. Until this year It has been
“ Prohibition In Maine for many j
I more commonly found In string beans,
years was a joke except ter occasional
asparagus, and the like. It was orlglnnl-
spasms o f enforcement Just before an
! ly found In sausage. It has been found
election when the party In power
j in cheese; it Is present sometimes
figured thnt they needed votes or the
j In stock food, such as moldy hay and
county treasury needed money. It is
Col. Thomas Tompllns recently acted as godfather at the christening of other kinds o f spoiled forage, bnt It
an Interesting game to chase the
evaders and I anticipate It will he seven children o f officers of the Seventh cavalry (Custer’s regiment) at Fort has never been found in the depart-
even more so In the event o f nation-! Bliss, Texas. The bnhles were all named for Colonel Tompllns, who la here | ment Investigations In any kind o f
1 food that was not spoiled.
seen with a few o f them.
wide prohibition.”
Federal Food Officials Warn Con
sumers to Watch for Signs
of Spoilage.
RIPE OLIVES KILL SEVERAL
GODFATHER TO SEVEN BABIES
j