Rebels Now Rule
Half of Mexico
-----------
* -
-------------------------------------
Official Information Shows C ar-, todny at its maximum strength. It Is
on army poorly organized and poorly
ranza Barely Clings to Con­
equipped.
O f this army a large pro­
portion Is held in or near Mexico City,
trol Over Rest.
HAS ONLY 60,000 TROOPS
P ie sld e n t Is T o o W eak to Keep O rd e r
as B andits H a ra ss W hole C o u n try
— In d u s try Snuffed O u t and
M orale at L o w Ebb.
New York.— The Mexican problem
■was never more toublesome. Condi­
tions in that revolution-racked land
were never more chaotic than they nre
today.
Carranza how controls little
ir.ore than one-half of Mexican terri­
tory and his hold on that Is not at all
secure. Opposed to him ore six organ­
ized rebel organizations, not Including
the Sonora Ynquls, while everywhere
his authority Is hampered and his
troops harassed by organized ban­
ditry.
Bearing upon actunl conditions In
Mexico, the New York Times has come
Into possession o f certain Information,
now in the official possession of the
United States government.
Verifica­
tion o f these statements which follow
Is to be found in the archives of the
government In Washington. .
Carranza has officially claimed thnt
he is supported by a regular army of
120.000 well disciplined and well
equipped troops.
This statement Is
not borne out by the facts In the case,
and the truth o f the matter is thnt his
armed forces number not more than
60.000 officers and enlisted men, who
nre poorly equipped, whose morale Is
a! low ebb. yet upon whose loyalty de­
pends Carranza’s sway over a people
who number more than 115.000,000.
'Todny the Coahuiln “ chieftain” Is ex­
ercising authority In those parts of
Mexico not under rebel or bandit
domination ns a dictator nnd through
the promulgation of executive decrees.
O f the great Amerlcnn border-line Car­
ranza Is in control of not much more
than one-third, while the whole of
southern Mexico Is severed from “ fed­
eral control” by a stretch of rebel-con­
trolled territory thnt on the Atlantic
extends from the rich oil lands of Tam­
pico almost to the City o f Vera Cruz,
and on the Pacific by the entire coast
line of the great state o f Oaxaca.
Low er California has become to all In­
tents and purposes Independent o f the
government that sits in Mexico City.
T h re e G eneral D ivision s.
The contending forces In Mexico
may be referred to under three gen­
eral heads. They a r e :
First— The federal or Carranzista
forces.
Second— The rebel forces led by
Felipe Angeles, Francisco Villa, Guill­
ermo Melxuerlo, n full-blooded Znpotec
Indian, nnd by many well-informed ob­
servers considered the nblost nnd most
trustworthy lender in M exico; Felix
Diaz. Manuel Pelnez, who dominates
the Tampico nnd adjacent oil fields;
the Zapatistas, still, despite Carranza
affirmation, a power In thnt i>nrt of
Mexico o f which the state of Morelos
Is the center; General Cantu, governor
o f the state of Low er California, and
the organized YaquI Indian forces of
the western part o f the border state of
Sonora.
Third— The bandits who, In small
groups, are operating everywhere In
Mexico.
As to the first or federal forces sup­
porting Carranza, it Is, as already
pointed out, the official claim o f the
present Mexican, or Carranza, govern­
ment, thnt this force numbers 120,000
men.
It is a conscript army to a
great extent and It Is small and Ineffi­
cient fo w two reasons, the first being
Carrnnzirs inability to enforce con­
scription. nnd the second the fact thnt
he is unable properly to equip, train,
or maintain necessary discipline.
Owing to these two conditions, over
which Carranza appears to have no
control, the federal army of Mexico Is
leaving the remainder, numbering less
than a full division, according to the
American organization, to guard and
maintain supremacy In the states of
Nuevo Leon, eastern Conhuila, south­
ern Durango, Hlldngo, San Luis Potosí,
Guanajuato,
Queretaro,
Mlchoacan,
Jalisco, Topic, Zacatecas, Guerrero,
folium, Chlnpas, Cnmpenc h i ' Yucatan,
Tnbasco, Quintana Boo, and the east­
ern or Atlantic edge o f the state of
1 era Cruz, which territory on paper re­
mains under federal control.
The big transcontinental stretch of
rebel-controlled territory, which aver­
ages more than 100 miles in width, nnd
which forms an unbroken barrier from
ocean to ocean, completely separates
the federnl-controlled states o f the
south— Chiapas, Cnmpeach.v, Yueatnn,
Tabasco, port of Vera Cruz and Quln-
tann Roo— from the states or parts of
states over which Carranza still holds
sway In the north.
V illa Forces Strongest.
O f the organized opposition groups
which are seeking to overthrow Car­
ranza, the most powerful Is that which
Is operating in Chihuahua and neigh­
boring states under Angeles and Villa.
The Villistus, as this force is popu­
larly known, is not the unorganized,
poorly equipped, nnd undisciplined
force thnt a great many people in this
country think It Is. It Is, on the other
hand, probably the best organized nnd
equipped military organization In Mex­
ico. It numbers 10,000 men command­
ed by Angeles, the French trained
rebel loader, with Villa second In com­
mand. It is well equipped with rifles
r.nd is said to have u fairly well organ­
ized nrtillery arm, and the Vlllistns
fire the best ammunition, which, ns a
rule. Is American made nnd is smug-
B,e,! acr,oss the 11,0 Grande by “ gun
unners.
The Angeles-Villa forces nre todny
practically in control of the entire
state of Chihuahua, a large part of Du­
rango, the enstern part of Sonora, nnd
the western part of Carranza’s own
state o f Conhuila.
The one port of Chihuahua thnt An­
geles nnd Villa do not control Is the
border city o f Juarez, opposite El Paso,
nnd they wbuld todny be in possession
of thnt much-needed border port but
for the fact thnt they brought about
Amerlcnn Intervention In their plans
by firing over the border Into the Texas
city.
The Americans did not go to
Juarez to help Carranza, ns some peo­
ple think, but solely for the purpose o f
safeguarding the lives o f Americans on
the Texns side o f the Rio Grnnde.
The next more Important rebel
force in Mexico is that under com­
mand of Manuel Pelnez, who dominates
the oil-producing regions o f the Tam­
pico country.
Pelnez lias under Ills
command 3,000 well organized nnd fair­
ly well equipped men.
The value of
the foreign oil interests in the ter­
ritory in which Pelaez Is operating Is
estimated nt more than $300,000,000.
Pelnez is said to be pro-ally In senti­
ment, nnd to this Is due In large part
the failure of the Germans nnd their
Carranzista sympathizers to gain con­
trol of the oil fields while the Euro­
pean war was actively under way.
A llie s Lik e M eixuerio.
Under Guillermo Melxuerlo, In the
state o f Oaxaca, Is another rebel force
of several thousnnd well organized
men.
Carrnnza has made desperate
but ineffectual efforts to dislodge Meix­
uerio, who Is easily one of his most
feared opponents, and whose record Is
such ns to win the sympathetic approv­
al o f the allies. Meixuerio is a full-
blooded Zapotec, a*lawyer, and a man
o f fine education.
•
Next in importance among the retiel
groups is thnt commanded by Felix
Diaz.
Under Diaz, according to offi­
cial Information, tliere ore approxi­
mately 5,000 men.
The Diaz forces,
however, unlike those under Pelnez,
Angeles and Melxuerlo, are loosely or­
ganized and are said to be in great
COMFORT FOR OUR MERCHANT SAILORS
Bat on Shoulder Called
Good Luck in Poker Game.
Canton, O.— Mystery surround­
ing the purchase o f live bats
at $10 by Cnntonlans was solved
when one o f the purchasers ex­
plained that bats bring good
luck.
During the Inst several weeks
a number o f buts have been sold
In Canton. Advertisements hnve
been run In the newspapers nnd
many persons are anxious to ob­
tain them.
“ I f you keep a bat In your
pocket or let It perch on your
shoulder when you sit In a gnme
of cards, you are sure to hnve
good luck,” remnrked one bat
owner. lie added he knew a
man In Chicago who owned a
bat and he always had good
luck.
need o f ammunition and other war ma­
terials.
Despite this handicap, how­
ever, the Felielstns, ns the Diaz reb­
els nre known, continue to be a force,
and all the efforts of Carranza to
break up the organization hnve failed.
The Fellclstas nre operating In the
state of Tamnulipas In the north nnd
In part of Hidalgo, Puebla, and Vera
Cruz in the south. The southern Fe-
llclstn area forms the center link In
the rebel ocean barrier.
The state o f Morelos nnd small parts
o f the states o f Mexico nnd Guerrero
form the area In which the famous
Zapatistas are nnd have been operat­
ing for the last seven years.
As
for Cantu, in Low er California, the
situation there can be dismissed with
a word. Cantu Is in absolute control
o f thnt part o f Mexico, nnd Carranza
Is making no effort to interfere with
the Independent state that Cnutu has
set up.
Sm uggle A rm s In.
The seventh of Carranza’s troubles
nre the Ynquis of western Sonora.
They are operating in bandit groups
nnd number probably several thousnnd.
Like the Villistas, they nre armed and
equipped by smuggling from the United
States.
The Yaquls nre among the
hardest nnd best fighters In Mexico,
nnd little If any effort Is bqjng made
by the federnl government to restore
order In that part o f Sonora un*er
their domination.
Lastly, the bandits. Official reports
prove that everywhere In Mexico the
outlaw bands are £o be found. Their
number Is unknown, but they are
powerful enough to hold the attention
o f a considerable part of Carrnnzn’s
bnrd-pressed little regular nrmy of 60,-
000 men.
Briefly, what precedes gives the line­
up o f the factions that are fighting
for control o f Mexico.
Ilere nre some of the facts, officially
established, that have resulted from
the country-wide Internecine strife In
Mexico.
Economically Mexico Is In the midst
o f n crisis which Is characterized by
the Intense poverty nnd the actual want
of the great mass of the people. The
mornle o f the population everywhere
was never lower than nt the present
time. The genernl health of the peo­
ple Is everywhere bod. Cnttle raising,
the principal Industry o f the nation. Is
today only about ten per cent of what
It was in 1914.
O f all Mexican In­
dustries, the growing o f henequln alone
shows progress.
All textile factories
nnd sugar mills, with a few exceptions,
nre out of business, and those thnt are
operating nre run down nnd In need of
repair.
Practically all o f the coun­
try’s 16,000 miles of railroads are de­
moralized or destroyed ns n' result of
rebel nnd bnndlt activity. Not a cent
o f Interest has been paid on the na­
tional foreign debt In more than five
years.
More than 75 per cent o f the popu­
lation Is now absolutely Illiterate. The
nntionnl credit Is gone, nnd thp for­
eign oil Interests are. despite the ap­
parent friendly attitude o f Pelnez,
menaced.
As an indication of the
health o f the people, latest reports es­
timate the yearly death rnte In Mexico
City Is 21,000, while the reported birth
rate Is only 7,500. It Is believed, how­
ever, that a correct census would show
a larger birth rate, although the 7,500
estimate Is official.
A t the present time all reliable re­
ports coming out o f Mexico Indicate
(he precarious condition o f the Carran­
za government.
Carrnnza has been
during the past three years probably
the most pro-German head o f a stnte
in the western hemisphere.
O p e n ly P ro-G erm an.
Until recently his attitude has been
unfriendly to the United States, nnd
when he thought Germany was win­
ning he made no efforts to conceal his
sympathy fo r the Teutons^ Legisla­
tion thnt wras passed during the wnr
nnd which wns directed against the
allied oil holdings In the Tampico coun­
try Is generally believed, in private as
well as official circles, to hnve been
Inspired by German Interests and rep­
resentatives In Mexico. Protests ngalhst
this legislation have been filed by the
American, British nnd French govern­
ments.
Since he developed his anti-American
ntytude Citrranzn has fanned
his
supporters with the slogan o f “ Latln-
Americnn Solidarity" against the great
northern republic, and today the most
generally developed trait In the ma­
jority o f Mexicans In federal controlled
territory Is that o f anti-Americanism.
Popcorn Debauch.
San Francisco.— Frnnk Fischer sued
The mattress and pillows us««l In the berths o f the sailors and firemen Mary Beilly, nineteen, for $50. He lost.
•board government-operated merchant vessels not only are comfortable, hut Mary told the judge he gave her the
Bake fine life preservers. Their filling Is a soft, resilient tropical fiber known money to buy popcorn and peanut* and
•a kapoc,'which w ill sustain 25 times its own weight In salt water for 48 hours. she spent It in one evening.
mnm
mmm
WATCH FOR IMPORTED PESTS
L ittle Excuse fo r Passing Stock In ­
fested W ith Egq Masses of G ip sy
o r B ro w n -T a il Moth.
(Prepared by the United States Depart­
ment o f Agriculture.)
The uiuln arguments o f objectors
to plant quarantine No. 37, jghietl will
greatly restrict the entry o f nursery
stock anti other plants and seeds, be­
ginning June 1, 1919, are that either
no pests nre brought In on such Im­
ported stock or thnt thorough Inspec­
tion abroad would eliminate any unde­
sirable insects. There is no question
but that the chief exporting foreign
governments hnve given to their nur­
sery stock the best inspection' which
human skill and science enn afford.
Fnllures are due to the human equa­
tion and to conditions not subject to
change, which make Inspection and
certification Insufficient safeguards.
The inadequacy o f such inspection
since 1918, when It becnine operative.
Is shown by the findings resulting
from «-Inspection of imported mate­
rial at destination In this country.
Data gathered by the United States
department o f agriculture show that
there have been received from H ol­
land 1,051 Infested shipments, Involv­
ing 148 kinds o f Insect pests; from
Belgium 1,306 infested shipments, In­
volving 64 kinds of Insects; from
France 347 Infested shipments, Involv­
ing 89 kinds o f Insects; from England
154 Infested shipments, involving 62
kinds of Insects; from Japan 291 In­
fested shipments, Involving 108 kinds
o f Insects; from Germany 12 Infested
shipments, involving 15 kinds o f Insect
pests. Many o f these Intercepted in­
sects nre not known to bo established
anywhere In this country, nnd num­
bers of them, If established, would
undoubtedly become important pests.
Typical of the Insects thus import­
ed, some of which have come In on
more than 1,000 shipments, are the
records In relation to gipsy and
brown-tail moths.
Under the system o f Inspection
Which lias been established In the
principal exporting countries there is
little excuse fo r the pnsstng nnd cer­
tification of stock Infested with the
egg masses of the gipsy laoth or with
the large and rather conspicuous leafy
winter nests o f the larvae o f the
brown-tail moth.
In point o f fact,
however, during the period In which
the highest possible grade o f Inspec­
tion lins been enforced no less than
52 different shipments o f plants from
foreign countries have been found to
be Infested with egg masses of the
gipsy moth or larval nests o f the
brown-tall moth. Three of these were
from Japan nnd the others were from
France, Ilollnnd or Belgium.
Unfortunately these records do not
necessarily comprise the total entry
o f these two pests. They *represent
merely the Instances o f infestntion
discovered by reinspection on this
side. Under the law the Inspection
o f imported nursery stock in this
MODE OF TRIMMING
Demand for Decorations Is Grati­
fied With Novelties.
Difficult to T u r n F riv o lo u s and M any
S till Dress on a W ar-R educed
Income.
It is the way o f fashion to be for­
ever elusive, us it Is the way o f wom­
en to be forever In search o f some­
thing new. I f she does not find charm
of new Interest In the silhouette, then
she looks fo r novelty In material or in
the manner o f trimming. This season
finds the slender silhouette still hold­
ing first place In the fushion world. It
remains slim, perhaps slimmer, hut the
whims o f woman must be gratified by
the vast variety and novelty o f trim­
mings, materials and accessories for
this season.
Fashion has grown very serious dur­
ing the last four years, and It is d if­
ficult to turn frivolous “ over night.”
For the woman who is still dressing
on a war-reduced Income, It Is wise
to choose fashions thnt nre established,
gowna nnd suits fashioned after those
most favored by the conservative wom­
an, says Vogue.
The top coat or motor coat Is per­
haps the most important piece In her
wardrobe. T o n woman who trnvels,
this coat Is Invaluable, and Its uses
are many.
When dull copper trlcolette Is made
up Into n two-piece dress o f simple
becoming lines, it Immediately becomes
a garment o f service, nnd Is quite ns
appropriate fo r town as fo r country,
as npponrs In a gown o f this material
which was seen recently.
The top
part o f the dress to made like an over­
blouse. Tim straight lines nnd unbrok­
en simplicity made It a model suited to
either matron or debutante.
Four
straight panels o f the blouse fall over
the straight skirt.
Oyster white pussy-wlUow taffetn
makes another country suit. The orig­
inal idea o f quilting nnd embroider­
ing it in nuvy blue silk comes from
Lanvin. The straight box coat Is em­
broidered all over nnd hns a deep roll­
ing collar ending where two large navy
blue buttons fasten the coat.
The
crochetted girdle - Is finished with
weight-like tassels o f blue silk. The
deep hem o f the skirt is marked with
the quilting nod outlined with embroid­
ery, nu effect which Is very new. The
coat is very smart worn us a sepnrate
sports coat, nnd may be used with a
sports skirt of white silk or navy blue
pussy-willow taffeta.
MILK STRAINING IMPORTANT
U tensils and S tra in e r Cloths Should
Be T h o ro u g h ly W ashed and
T h e n Sterilized.
(Prepared by the United States Depart­
ment of Agriculture.)
Strainer cloths containing 35,000,000
bacteria per square Inch have been
found In use on dairy farms.
The average strainer cloth, o f w hich
about 36 square inches Is In contact
with the milk, Is likely to contain fully
a billion bacteria If It Is not washed
and sterilized after each milking.
I f the cloth is folded, the number of
bacteria is likely to be still greater.
Milk produced under conditions
where utensils w ere not sterile was
found to contain more than 660,000
bacteria per cubic centimeter.
When all utensils were sterilized,
the average bacterial count wus only
about 31,000 per cubic centimeter or
less than oue-twentleth as many.
Bacteria In milk nre not necessarily
Injurious to health, but they reduce Its
keeping quality. Certain kinds o f bac­
teria, i f too numerous, also nffect its
palatnbllity.
For the production o f
clean milk the department o f ngricuD
ture urges strict sanitation In every
dairy operation.
Utensils nr,d strainer cloths should
be thoroughly wnsljed with wnrm
water nnd washing powder, then
rinsed In clean water and ster­
ilized by boiling or steaming for
five minutes. A fte r sterilization, tho
utensils. Including pnils, cans, strain­
ers, nnd strainer cloths, should be
EMBROIDERY ADDS TO BEAUTY
Cleanliness Is Essential to the P roduc­
tion o f M ilk o f L o w Bacterial Count.
hung In a clean place where they will
be protected from files and dust. Milk
as It leaves the udder o f healthy cows
Is clenn nnd pure and may be kept
so by following the methods outlined.
CANS BETTER THAN BUCKET’S
Much M ore C on venient fo r H a n d lin g
M ilk and Cream in T ra n s fe rrin g
to the House.
Im ported 'Stock
R eady f o r Planting.
country is left to the inspectors o f the
states, and the finding o f infestntion
Is there entirely dependent on the e f­
ficiency o f state Inspection. In ninny
Lavla h em broidery on the side of
states this Inspection is o f n high or­
thia
attrac tive coat make* It a orea-
der, and probably most If not all In­
stances o f infestntion are found. Jn tion of exquisite beauty. T h e coat is
other states the Inspection service Is o f n a v y blue satin. T h e em broidery
inadequately provided for nnd Insuffi­ Is of blue chenille. Ttfe same m o tif at
cient, and In a few stntes the service the side o f the dress Is carried out
hns little support and little If nny'effi- on tho sleeves and the collar. T h e
clency. There Is therefore the possi­ blue arid m aroon silk belt and straps
bility that one or both o f these pests on the coat are all In one piece.
have already gained foothold nt one
point or another In the United States
TIMELY FASHION TOPICS
nnd have not yet been discovered and
reported. In this connection It should
The tendency Is decidedly toward
bo remembered thnt the gipsy moth
full flaring overskirts with right under-
was 20 years in Massachusetts before
-
It was known.
*■ sulrts.
Charming face veils with chenille
The establishment o f these two In­
sects In different parts o f the United | dotted motifs mntrhlng the hat trim­
Stntes would soon lend to their gen­ ming In color were recently noted at a
ernl spread throughout the conntry. smnrf hotel at the tea hour.
Lingerie blouses o f net nnd o f net-
What this would mean In cost nnd
damage and also In human suffering nnd lace are a feature o f midsummer
Both white nnd ecru net
can hardly be estimated. Only n por­ fashions.
tion of the New England states Is now are seen and Valenciennes and filet
✓
Invaded by these Insects, nnd yet tho lace are employed.
The tailored sports blouse or rather
expenditure In elenn-up and control
work alone amounts to mo e than a sports shirt Is developed In wash silk,
million dollars a year by the states pique, linen and flannel nnd In many
concerned, in addition to nn aiding instances Is decidedly gay In colors;
federal appropriation o f upwards of that Is, Ihe stripe or figure o f the fab­
ric la o f gay coloring.
$300,000 annually.
Milk and cream from even a few
cows enn be much more conveniently
hnndlod In regular milk cans thnn In
the shallow pans nnd wide-moutlied
buckets commonly used.
Cons are convenient for collecting
the milk nt the barn and transferring
It to the house.
These cans may be bought In vari­
ous sizes. For handling cream nnd
skim milk where separators nre used,
or even where cream is set to sour for
butter making, the “ shotgun can,” Is
very convenient. It can be easily cov­
ered nnd set In water and Is conven­
ient to handle.
SYSTEM OF CROP ROTATION
Successful D a irym e n W ill H a ve O n e
M arket o r Cash C ro p Besides
P ro fit F ro m D a iry .
The most suceessful dairymen hnve
a system o f crop rotation thnt enables
them to hnve one market or rash crop,
besides the profit o f the dniry. Tho
Increased fertility thnt la brought on
to the farm from the use o f concen­
trated feed stuffs more thnn offsets
the amount o f fertility removed by
the sale o f the dairy products. An­
other factor
Is thnt the same help
required to properly conduct a dniry
can find time outside o f the routlud
dairy work to enre fo r a profitable
market or cash crop.
T a n k fo r D a ir y H erd.
When figuring on a tank fo r the
dairy herd, allow fo r about 160 pounds,
or 20 gallons, fo r each cow daily.
M aking a K ic k in g Cow.
Most times It is the ealf that Is
handled roughly thnt makes the kick­
ing cow.