THRIFTY DUTCHMEN TURNED INTO DESPERADOES BY Genuine Shock Has Come to Those Who in Old Days Admired Indus­ trious Hollander Whose Only Occupation Now Is in Deeds of Daring and Robbery— Country Is Now Paradise for Thieves. The Hague.— To those who knew the Hollander before the w ar ns it quiet, well-behaved, thrifty and Indus­ trious soul, content to pursue the even tenor of his wuy and sticking religi­ ously to orderliness and good behav­ ior, his transformation since the sign­ ing of the armistice last November will come as a genuine shock. Crime, In the pre-war days, was at Its minimum In Holland. H er stand­ ing army of some 00,000 w as com­ posed of young men who served their allotted time In the military service of their country with the minimum of grumbling, returning cheerfully to the Plow, or the dulry, or the fisheries, ns soon ns their term of army service w as over. helmlna do it.” The plow did not ap­ peal nearly so mueli as the light field equipment along the frontier. The long hikes along the towpnths were not nearly so attractive ns the short stretches between sentry posts on the border between Holland's enstern provinces nnd the Westplmllan or Prussian country. It was found a hard matter to get the Hollander back Into a civilian Job, not because the Job was not there but because the erst­ while thrifty Dutchman no longer cared for the Job. m Fopd Shortage a Cause. For many months now life fo r the law-abiding Dutchman and bis family has been nnythlng but a paradise and the shortage of food has been but n small matter In the grand total of this general unhappiness. Except for an ever watchful eye on her frontier, Hollund lived a calm, contented existence, turning out her The prlnclpnl thing tlmt has been world-famous cheeses and her per­ haps, more Infamous gins, her citizens worrying Holland bus been the bur­ secure In the feeling that theirs was glar. who has since before the Christ­ a land where the law was observed, mas holidays become a sort of nation­ where their chattels were safe even al Institution, like the cheese nnd the though their front doors remained un­ gin. Acts of violence are of dally. In locked and where the Infrequent of­ fact, of hourly, occurrence In the fender ngnlnst the pennl code could country districts as well ns In the not hope to get ills full iinine'ln the cities. Not alone must doors be se­ papers, much less his photograph with curely locked nnd bolted at night, but If during the daytime the household­ a pretty border around It. Today nil this Is changed. From a er turns his back to look over his land of safety Holland has been trans­ chickens In the bnrnynrd without first formed Into a land of danger nnd the closing his front door he will most Hollander— that Is, he who is repre­ likely return to the "pronk kamer” sented In the ranks o f the plow boy, (p arlor) only to find every article of the driver of the horse or donkey Intrinsic value hns disappeared. The theft of silverware, Jewelry, along the tow pntli, the churner of the butter and. the cream, the farm hand clothes nnd even pots nnd pans from or the miller’s assistant— hns been the kitchen Is reported to the police transformed Into n shiftless, lazy, dis­ In every town nnd hamlet on an nver- orderly ne’er-do-well, whose principal 'nge o f once every hour during the 2-1 hours of the day. The flow of com­ occupation Is burglary! plaints Is so stendy that In most It Is a New Crime. places one man Is assigned to do noth­ Burglary in Holland was not n usual ing hut record these reports of bur­ crime in the gpre-wnr days. That fact glaries. makes the present wave of lawless­ While, of course, It would be unfair ness all the more striking. The gront to say that every one of the demobil­ truth that has dawned upon the coun­ ized soldiers hns turned burglar after try Is that the 800,Otto Hollanders who receiving his discharge from the army, have been doing military service ns it Is safe to say that onc-Jmlf of the non-combatants since tne beginning of 800,000 troops has turned Its atten­ the war have come to bate work and tion to either burglary, petty or grand to bate having to provide for their larceny or highway robbery ns a own living, after enjoying food, cloth­ means to keep the w olf from the door ing and shelter at government expense without an undue amount of physical for nearly five years. exertion. When Holland mobilized her young ’flu* visitor In Holland, although he. manhood, middle-aged manhood nnd Is still much In the minority because full-grown manhood during the first of the passport restrictions, hns six months of the war, when there lenrned to keep Ids hand an his w al­ was momentary danger of Qermnny let pocket nnd Ids fingers firmly suddenly getting it Into her disordered around the end of a stout cane when­ brain to invade and despoil the Neth­ ever he ventures out Into the street erlands ns well as Belgium, the Hutch or nlong a country path, once Hol­ government provided for the support land’s delight and the safest prome­ o f the families of the soldiers whom nade In the wide world. she mobilized ns well ns for the sup­ Daring Highway Robberies. port of the soldiers themselves. In her well-ordered house, Holland could not see 800,000 families In want because 800,000 male supporters were taken for the defense of the father­ land. She provided tfils support as punctiliously and as carefully as she provided for the thousands of Belgian and French refugees, who hnve lived on the country’s bounty from the day o f the slogo of Antwerp to the day that Marshal Foch handed his foun­ tain pen to the Qermun nrmlstiee com­ missioners nnd said: "Sign I” W ith the demobilization that began during the latter days of last Novem­ ber the discharged soldiers fottpd It Irksome to resume their duties ns fam­ ily providers Instead of “letting W il- HAS MANY DECORATIONS The “kwajongems,” who used to stand In proper awe of the well- dressed man or woman In the public thoroughfares of the city, now openly nnd brazenly snatch at watch chulns, Indies’ hags or pocket hooks that are carried In the hands by the ladies. Nine times In ton the culprit mhnnges to make n clean getaway In the crowd of sympathetic ruffians, who gather quickly at the first sign of disorder In the street. Children sent to the stores by their mothers are often the vlrtlms of the thieves, who take away their pennies, nnd market baskets on the way to the expectant housewives very often go astray and ultimately reach the dens COMEr TO HELP THE GIRL SCOUTS General Sir Robert Bnden-Powell, founder of the boy scout organisation, Is here from Knglnnd to help the girl scouts, which organisation did such w onderful w o rk In England during the war. In the group, left to right, Mrs. A rthur O. Choate, commissioner of Manhattan council of girl scouts; Sir Robert Buden-Powell S « d Lady Baden l ’owell ; Mrs. Juliette Low, president and founder of the Girl Scouts of America. 1— German financial delegates after a meeting with allied representatives In Versailles. 2— Anti-Wilson demon- jtrntlon In Rome over the Flume question. 8— French child at the entrance of her subterranean home in the ruined Ustrlct of France. GENERAL LERO Y UPTON Gen. Leroy Upton, who recently re­ turned from France, has received the distinguished service cross and medal, the erolx de guerre with two palms, and the cross of the Order of St. Michael nhd St. George, for distin­ guished service in the war. 'of the underworld, now a real menace In the economic nnd civic life of the Netherlands. The sume spirit of disregard o f the conventions that obtains throughout the country, as fnr ns the rights of others is concerned, obtains in the na­ tion’s parliament— the Stnaten Gen- eraal. Ultra-bolshevistic members oc­ cupy sents In the lower chamber and openly advocate doctrines which, a year before the w ar began In 1914, would not hnve been listened to by any self-respecting Dutchman. The self-re­ specting Dutchman must listen to these doctrines now, for they are prenched on every street corner, from the forums nnd fcom the platform of the governing body, whenever the radical wing gets a chance to give voice to Its sentiments. Blocked at the Frontier. The government does everything hu­ manly possible to prevent the Influx of the rndlcnl element from Germany and every day dozens of would-be in­ truders, be they bolshevlst or Sparti- cus, nre turned back at the frontier with the ndinonltlon to go East. But many slip through, with the result that this formerly quiet, orderly land Is fnst being poisoned by the seed of violence thnt has been planted In Its fertile soil from the very day that the ono-tlme kaiser entered the country as a refugee and the one-time crown prince took up his Involuntary abode on the Island of Wlerlngen. There Is enough of the regular army left to prevent any serious concerted movement by the forces of the mal­ contents, especially as they are not organized and no leader hns yet put In nn appearance. The police in the various districts, too, still observe the street discipline of the pre-war days, although they hnve not been very suc­ cessful In stamping out the lawless­ ness thnt Is everywhere evident, they are, nt least, holding the unruly ele­ ment In check nnd, to a certnln de­ gree, holding It In awe of municipal authority. The principal hope of the better educated class of Hollanders lies In nn early restoration of the regular channels of food Importation. Relief Goes On After W a r Ends Work With American Expedition­ ary Forces to Continue for Some Time. EFFORTS ARE CO-ORDINATED One W a r W orker for Every 150 Men and One Hut Operated for Every 900 Men— Headquarters Inau­ gurates New Plan. Paris.— Although the tumult and the shouting have died over here, nnd the cnptnlns, having assisted In effecting the exit of the kings, nre themselves beginning to depart, the American pro­ gram of w ar work with the American expeditionary forces “carries on” with Increased resources and effective­ ness. The other'’ day the American expedi­ tionary forces took stock of the agen­ cies from the homeland that nre serv­ ing the doughboy. The stock-tnking was preliminary to the newly institut­ ed general hendqunrters program for co-ordinating the work of-these agen­ cies to the best advantage of the men. And the results are Illuminating. W ith approximately 1,500,000 doughboys still In France nnd occupied Germnny, there is now one American wnr worker over here for every 150 men nnd one hut apernted by nn American wnr work organization for every 900 men. The totals ns given In the resume for all the wnr agencies, exclusive of the Amerlcnn Red Cross, nre 9.018 men nnd women workers and 1,656 huts. Of the total number of workers, 8.350 nre representatives of the Voting Men’s Christian association, leaving the over­ sens w ar work strength of all other organizations at 1,268. O f the total number of huts, 1,507 are operated by tile Young Men’s Christian nssocin- tlon, nnd the remainder, 149 by all other wnr work ngencles. athletic and amusement programs ; de­ termine the proper disposition of huts, restaurants and entertainment halls; recommend readjustments where rec­ reational facilities are Inadequate or where there Is duplication of effort, nnd to notify w ar work ngencles of the location of all units. They will decide whether there are too many or too few w ar workers In their territories and where necessary, will obtain de­ tails of non-commissioned officers and men to old the w ar workers. The w elfare officers will have Juris­ diction over free distribution of food nnd supplies by the various w ar work organizations. The Young Men’s Christian associa­ tion, which Is operating 1,600 huts In Trance, is said to have expended half the amount which will he available to It for use In France. It has operated the canteen service at n loss. With the army tnking over the canteen service, however, the expenses of the Young Men’s Christian association will be reduced. Some Idea of the expenditure made Japanese Courts Simple and Quiet No Wrangling of Counsel Allowed and Sentences Generally Are Fair. CASES TRIED WITHOUT JURY Many Unusual Points of Difference Between American Tribunals and Their Counterparts In Japan— Minor Cases to Police. All Increased. The stock taking showed that every one of the American agencies hns In­ creased Its personnel In the five months since the signing of the ar­ mistice— the Young Men’s Christian ns- soclntion, for Instnnce, hnvlng ndded 726 workers to Its strength. W ith these resources at lmud the general staff of the Amerlcnn expe­ ditionary forces hns undertaken to su­ pervise nnd regulate the service given Now Land of Unrest. to soldiers by the auxiliary organiza-. Just now the Hollander Is anything tlons. General w elfare officers are to but tractable. H e will drop his ham­ be appointed, one to each combat divi­ mer, his shdvel, his hoe or his churn­ sion, each similar unit o f the service ing handle at ‘the drop of a hat or of supplies and each higher headquar­ the whisper o f a labor agitator, lie ters. Their duties will be to supervise Imagines thnt he Is the under dog of every ijjnn who possesses n nickel more than he does. From a land of calm, peaceful, Ammonia Guns Turned seething quiet. Holland hns changed on “ Rum Detectives” Into a land o f unrest. It oozes out of the very ground nt every step one Konnebnnk, Me.— Residents of takes. Lack of grains keeps the grist York county who hnve been mills Idle, which consequently fail to shocked by the Introduction of provide work for those who might be ammonia pistols Into the rum Induced to take up th^ broken strands traffic. Deputy Sheriff Perley D. of their tasks and don the snow white Greenlenf o f this town being of the miller for the blue of the sol­ shot up when he attempted to dier. hold up a touring cross-state Stagnation In shipping, owing to the car, are reminded by old-timers restrictions placed upon the country that ammonia Is not • new­ by the allies, has had Its natural ef­ fangled weaikm. Ho Is not the fect upon Holland’s Inland wnterways first York county officer to be commerce, with the result that thou­ overpowered by these fumes add sands of men who were employed turned from hts official duties. | along the numerous canals, both ns The other Instances occurred boatmen nnd tow drivers, before the at Saco, It 1« recalled, when a war, now find their vocations gone, raiding officer attempted to i This Is another Important Industry catch a certain drug store with | which. If It could resume Its normal the goods. As the officer en­ proportions, would greatly reduce the tered through r back window number o f the unemployed. there was an Immediate “gas at­ Over everything, however, looms thè tack” launched In the form o f a one larg-' fact that the formerly cor­ bottle o f ammonia from a handy rect Hollander could so readily be shelf In the back shop. It did changed Into a man with criminal In­ Its work effectively, and that stincts and to such an extent a « to was the end of that raid. make the entire country, practically, • burglar's paradise. for w ar work In the period which i passed with the Institution of the pro­ gram o f co-ordlnatloh Is shown In the record of the Young Men’s Christian association. This organization ha(Pln-: vested $4,500,000 In overseas huts andi their equipment up to the first of the! year, with an average maintenance cost of more than $70,000 a month.: It gave away In combat areas from last; M ay to the end of November goods valued nt more than $700,000, and Its! Christmas gifts to the doughboys last year represented a -value of more than $500,000. Its loss In the operation of canteens, done on borrowed cnpitnl, w as $600,000. It has expended $1,750,- 000 for sporting goods for free use of the soldiers. It has leased nnd operat­ ed 37 chocolate and biscuit factories nnd sdVen sawmills In France to meet the needs of the work. It hns dis­ tributed more than $2,000,000 worth ofi books, literature nnd Bibles free to the soldiers. The entertainment bill of the Young Men’s Christian association overseas for the- last six months had increased to $400,000 a month In Feb­ ruary. In three months after tbs sign­ ing of the armistice It gave 11,181 moving picture presentations, repre­ senting an aggregate of 83,085.000 feet of film. The Young Men’s Christian association has transmitted free of charge for the soldiers up to April 5 of this year 312,316 remittances to the value of $18,027,797.00. Tokyo.— A Japanese criminal court Is almost as difficult to get Into ns a spectator tfs It Is difficult to get out of as a prisoner, but there are enough un- usunl points of difference between American tribunals and their counter­ parts In Japan to make at least one visit Instructive, If not profitable. Criminal trials In Japan nre public, but not blatantly so, nnd Idle curi­ osity Is not encouraged. To be per­ mitted to even enter the grounds sur­ rounding the court buildings one must secure the formal permission of the stern police official at the gate, aud that permission Is only-secured through the presentation of same good reason why the solicitor should be permitted to pass. Once past the guardian o f the gate, however, one may proceed Into the courtroom Itself without trouble, pro­ vided always that he removes his hat immediately be enters the building, re­ moves his overcoat, If he happens to be wearing one, walks quietly nnd holds his remarks and questions down to n faint whisper. In the main court­ house In Tokyo, which houses the su­ preme court and the various local courts, corresponding to the American circuit courts, the corridors are lined during the session l>y be-sworded gen­ darmes, between the rows of which the one with business before the jndges warily walks. N o chance Is lost to Impress upon everyone the fact that the dignity of the law in Japan Is something which must not he trifled with. Minor Cases to Police. most every street, are simply kept long enough to sober up nnd nre dis­ charged with a stern wnrnlng. Once he hns been sent to headquar­ ters a prisoner's troubles commence. A s a preliminary to all else he Is pho-, togrnphed nnd finger printed, a de-| elded reversal of the American prln-, clple, which bars a man from the: rogues’ gallery until he has been con­ victed of a felony. From the photo-, graph room nnd the Ink pad the pris­ oner passes on for his “examination,” a legalized third degree, held In nn un­ derground room where, without bene­ fit of counsel, he is sweated, perhaps, fo r several days In succession. Then after waiting his turn thq.prls-i oner goes to the local court, where he; faces a bench of usually four Judges, one of whom Is head Judge nnd whoi does all the questioning o f the wlt-i nesses. On the bench also sits the, ✓ prosecuting lawyer, with the lawyeri for the defense occupying a desk and! seat Immediately facing the head! JudtH Everything is solemn, everything lS| decorous and, without a Jury to lm-i press, there nre none of those flights of oratory with which the American lawyers call upon heaven to witness either the scandalous nature o f the prisoner’s crime or the halo o f Inno­ cence so plain to the attorney for the defense. The prisoners sit in a pris­ oners’ box until their case is called, when they stand one by one before the judges and nre polished off in rapid, succession. Handling of Prisoners. T he handling o f the prisoners Is pure Japanese, however. Delivered at thei courthouse for trial, the prisoners are marched from the police wagbn In single file handcuffed and tied togeth­ er by a stout rope thnt circles each man's waist and Is twisted through his obi. The most unusual feature o f all to a stranger is the fact that each prisoner has his head covered by a wicker; mask, more like an inverted waste- paper basket than anything else, the object of which Is to prevent recognl-, tion o f the prisoner, to permit him to hide his shame under the disguise and, very possibly, to prevent the whole Ordinary police court cases in Japan file from making a holt fo r liberty. are disposed of In the police stations The sight o f a prisoner so arrayed Is themselves and the police Inspectors ghastly, the mask bringing up the sug-. In charge have tho power to exercise gestkm o f the hangman's cap. O nce* a wide discretion. Ordinary drunks, in the prisoners’ box, however, the^ o f whom there are very few consider­ masks are removed, while the prison­ ing that almost every corner grocery ers sit with deeply bowed heads In am store and every tea house and restau­ attitude of the utmost humility. rant sells Intoxicants, and there are Japanese courts have the name of{ sakl shops every hundred yards oa ah being fair and the bench is honest.