TELLS HORRORS OF HUN PRISONS Operations Without Anesthetics One Method of Torturing British Officers. FED ON ERSATZ RATIONS Captain Gilliland Declares Many Men Were Driven Mad by Confinement — Wounded Given No Medical Attention for Months. New York.— Capt. Horace G. GUH land, British officer and author, now la this country, tells a thrilling story o f the cold-blooded treatment accord­ ed him while a prisoner In Germany from October, 1914, until April, 1917, when he escaped. An officer In the Loyal North Lan cnshlre regiment o f the British regu­ lar army. Captain Gilliland, landed In France on August 12, 1914, with the first division o f the British expedi­ tionary force. H e served with that division until October when, at the first Ypres battle, In the La llassee engagement, he was made prisoner. His company had been ordered, 370 strong, to hold a corner In front of La Bassee while the hard-pressed Eng­ lish withdrew before a numerically overpowering German force. They held for 22 hours, and, when the men In gray finally 'storm ed over the trenches held by the khaki-clad troops, there was only Captain Gilliland and three enlisted men alive. A ll four wore desperately wounded. "YVe were ordered to the rear,” said Captnin Gilliland, "nnd commenced crawling along as none o f us could walk. Our captors were enraged at the resistance we had made against them nnd refused us Red Cross aid. One o f the men, unable to crnwl fast enough an nccount of his wounds, was buyoneted by a German soldier a few feet In front o f me. Before we got to La Bassee I had become separated from the other two men nnd I have never heard of them since. the bone splinters from my lungs. That, T think, was about the cruelest experience I went through as a pris­ oner. Although there were plenty of anesthetics In that hospital they re­ fused me any sort o f relief. I was tied hand and foot on an operating table and fo r two hours und twenty minutes I lay there while that surgeon worked over me. I had a mental breakdown when it was all over, but I don't think you will wonder at that. I will say one thing— the surgeon knew bis business.” Captain Gilliland described how he wns sent back to BIshofswerda to re­ cuperate, where things were fairly easy fo r a few weeks until Itoumanla declared war. “ I finally escaped from a train with three other men,” Captain Gilliland said. “ YVe leaped from the right-hand side o f the car and the guards were unnble to shoot at us on that account. YVe had previously cut the signal cord and they could not get the train stopped. YVe walked 140 miles In five days without food, and finally sneaked across the Dutch border. In getting across the border German sentries killed two o f my comrades and wound­ ed the other.” “ ROOSEVELT LAND” IN ARCTIC New Polar Discoveries Made by Bart­ lett to Be Named for For­ mer President. New York.— The expedition which Capt. Robert A. Bartlett will lead next June to make an aerial survey of the North pole will be known as the Roose­ velt memorial expedition, according to an announcement by the Aero Club of America, which is financing the trip. Any land discovered w ill be named “ Roosevelt land.” Officials o f the club explained It was fitting that this tribute should be paid the form er president, ns It was he who gave Rear Admiral Peary leave o f ab­ sence to head the expedition which dis­ covered the pole, and Captain Bartlett commanded Peary’s ship, the Roose­ velt. Given No Medical Aid. Club officials also emphasized the " I was suffering from a bullet fact that Colonel Roosevelt had been wound In the itakle and • a serious one o f the first “ patrons o f aero­ shrapnel wound In the chest which nautics.” lind driven splinters o f my ribs into my lungs. In spite o f my condition, I LAND IN LORRAINE did not receive 'medical aid o f any CLAIMS sort; In fact, It was a year and eight months before the Germans even ex­ Woman Gave Up Her Possessions Three Years Ago When amined my wounds. Germans Came. “ From October until December 1 I was In prison In Lille, and then I was Altoona, Pa.— When Germany took transported with n batch o f other possession o f Alsace-Lorraine 48 years prisoners, British officers and men nnd ago, Mrs. Frnnz Essllnger gave up her French, both regular nnd colonials, to possession? rather than submit to Ger­ Munden, In Hanover. Thnt trip, the man domination and came to Altoona. men thnt went on It will never forget. Establishing n stand In the city mar­ ‘‘At Munden, which was not the ket, she has become well known as worst prison camp I saw, I was plnced “ the market woman.” In a room, 30 feet by 30, In company Now that France lins regained her with 10 Russinn officers, the Idea be­ lost provinces, Mrs. Essllnger has, ing. you see, that British officers through legal channels, presented her should not have even the small com­ claim to a considerable tract o f land fort o f talking to their countrymen. near Strassburg which belonged to the “ We were not allowed to read or to family and for which she holds the smoke, nnd mnn after mnn went mad. title papers. I f her claim Is honored You cnnnot conceive of the hate thnt she will become Independently rich. rises In your heart when you ure locked In like thnt, hnte not only for your captors, but also for the men confined with you. I huvo seen men in my room go stark raving mad be­ cause the walls o f the room persisted In being square. You can hardly real­ ize thnt here, can you? “ I kept trying to escape hut was too went» with wounds nnd scurvy. They pnve me no medlcnl attention, nnd the food was awful. ‘‘Finally I got a letter home In a secret code that my mother sent to the foreign office nnd flnnlly It reached the American embassy In Berlin. Ambassador Gerard acted nt once. His visit to Munden In April, 1918, resulted In our being transferred to Rlshofswerda In Saxony, a fairly decent prison. THE PASSING Greensburg, Pa.— Gen. John J. Pershing fulfilled the wish o f an ancestor thut a member o f the Pershing fam ily should save A l­ sace-Lorraine when he led the victorious Aimylcan armies against the Germans. This fact Is disclosed by Rev. Justus N. Pershing, a cousin o f General Pershing, who has made public a letter written In Alsace-Lor­ raine more than 200 years ago by Frederick Pershing, ‘General Pershing’s great-great-grandfa­ ther. In this letter the general's ancestor expressed the hope thnt his son, Frederick Per­ shing, Jr., or his descendants, “ would come back some day and redeem the fa ir lands o f Alsace- Lorraine from oppression.” According to the letter, the Pershings lived In the village of Kehe In Alsace-Lorraine In 1774 and fought under Emperor Charles against the Magyars. Soon after that, when a law was passed that all able-bodied men between the ages q f sixteen and fifty must join the landwehr to protect their country from rav­ ages by the Austrians, Frederick Pershing, Sr., sent his son to America. Frederick Pershing, Jr., reached this country In 1749 and, a fter marrying a Miss YVyant In Baltimore, settled In Westmoreland county, Pennsyl­ vania, where General Pershing’s grandparents were born. Japanese Wanted to Make Suicide Certain With a strange, almost de­ moniacal ritual, Kumatro Saka­ moto ended his life at Los Ange­ les. Cal. Sakamoto, who came from Japan ten years ago, suffered from tuberculosis. He waa thir­ ty-nine years old, but waa not married, and had no friends nor relatives. He decided to die. That he might utter no warn­ ing cry, he first cut off his tongue. Thnt vnnlty might not stop the deed, he cut off his nose. Then he hacked his throat with the razor until he dropped unconscious. YY’hen found In his room he wns lying In a pool o f blood. He died six hours later In a hos­ pital. TO ELIMINATE SCRUB BULLS Campaign Started by Wisconsin Farm ­ ers to Use Only Purebred Sire*— Record in One County. (Prepared by the United States Depart­ ment of Agriculture.) YVlsconsiu dairymen and farmers, desirous o f Increasing their profits and adding still greater honors to their al­ ready fatuous dairy state, have joined in a state-wide campaign to eliminate the scrub bull and use only purebred sires. The record made last year in the Brown County Cow-Testing asso­ ciation typifies the merits o f purebred bulls and illustrates why farmers and A Sire of Good Quality. Mission to Be Sent to Plan for De- velopmgnt of the Matanuska dairymen w ill not tolerate the scrub. Region. In this association 12 cows qualified Wnshlngton.— A commission consist­ ing o f three naval officers, a mining engineer and a geologist w ill be sent to Alaska to plan the development of the Matanuska coal field, the navy de­ partment announced, preliminary In­ vestigation having led the depart­ ment to center Its efforts upon this field In seeking a supply o f navy fuel. The commission w ill sail from the Bremerton navy yard. The nnval members o f the commis­ sion have not been selected, but Sum­ ner Smith, superintendent o f mining In Alaska, and Theodore Chapin, n ge­ ologist attached to the Alaskan en­ gineering commission, are to be the civ­ ilian commissioners. DIG UP BOMBS 45 YEARS OLD for the register o f production. A ll o f these cows were daughters o f pure­ bred sires, six o f them being daughters o f one sire. The five best herds in the association are headed by purebred sires, while the five poorest herds are all headed by grade or scrub sires. The herds o f those farmers who used purebred sires averaged 85 pounds more fnt a cow than those using grades or scrubs. Last year eight o f the mem­ bers purchased purebred sires o f known breeding to replace their scrubs. KEEP DAIRY COWS ON FARM For Farmer Who Has Good Market for Products Dairying Is Most Profitable Business. Keeping dairy cows w ill help the Zinc Container Found In Brazil Was average farm er to overcome three main drawbacks to the one-crop sys­ Wrapped In a New York tem o f farm ing: A cash Income but Newspaper. once a year, a depleted soli, nnd un­ equal distribution o f labor, according to C. II. Staples, dairy specialist, ex­ tension division, Louisiana State university. “ For the farm er who does not have a ready and accessible market fo r dairy products, a few dairy cows w ill provide the cheapest and best o f hu­ man food fo r the f „ 2 lly,” says Mr. Staples. “ The cows w ill consume much o f the rough feeds thnt usually A 12-Inch gun disposes o f half a go to waste and the expense o f keep­ bale o f cotton at every shot. ing them is almost negligible. “ F or the farm er who has a good market fo r dairy products dairying Is a most profitable business, is always a safe nnd sound line o f farming. Is least affected by sudden changes o f weather and sensons, gives a steady cash Income, builds up the soil, and provides employment fo r labor at all seasons.” Buenos Aires.— During the making o f the excavation fo r a building at Bahia, Brazil, a zinc box containing four dynamite bombs was unearthed, says a dispatch to the Rnzon from Bahia. The bombs apparently had been burled nearly a half (jentury, as they were wrapped In a copy o f the New York W eekly Bulletin o f the year 1874. OF HELGOLAND MAKE BETTER FARM BUTTER Trouble Incident to Home Production May Be Decreased by Using More Careful Methods. The ndoptlon o f more careful meth­ ods o f handling milk and crenm and Improved practices in the making o f farm butter w ill reduce rather than Increase the trouble Incident to home production o f this food, say dairy spe­ cialists, and w ill result in a superior product which can be sold more easily and fo r a better price than the aver­ age farm butter. DAIRY HERD IS FOUNDATION OUSSCLOORF COLOGNE The first horses Imported into the’ United States were brought to N ew England In 1C29. One horse und seven mares survive«! the voyage. Horses were not highly esteemed nor much needed In America at that time nor fo r a hundred years a fte r­ ward. There w ere no race courses nor trotting parks and the roads generally were so poor that speed was not de­ sirable had it been possible with safety. Oxen were found to be much te tte r for all farm work. Most o f the land was rough, rocky, nnd full o f stumps, so that oxen, being strong, patient and slow, made much the better team fo r agricultural pur­ poses and lumbering than did horses, and they were -cheaper kept, needing tu t little grain even when -at hard work, and none at all when In pasture. They required no expensive harness like horses, only a cheap yoke and chain, and w ere quickly yoked. Under such circumstances It Is not surprising that horses In N ew Eng­ land were not greatly admired or much petted. A farm er was prouder o f a yoke o f large, fine red oxen, four years old, well matched and well broken, than o f a span o f -degenerate horses such as were common at that time In the country. They were seldom stabled or groomed except when at work every day. The colts until three years old v/ere wintered In the yard. In order, It w as supposed, to make them tough and hardy. Tricks Found Necessary in Getting the Ugly Crocodile to Pose for His Photograph TO BOOM ALASKA COAL FIELD Used No Anesthetic. “ I was transferred half a dozen times after thnt until April, 1910, found me again nt Blshofswerdn. There the Swiss Red Cross commis­ sion saw me and ordered the Germans to give mo medlcnl attention. At this time I weighed nbout 103 pounds, where I had formerly weighed 193. “ I Was sent to a hospital In Dres­ den where a surgeon operated, taking First Horses In the United States in 1629 When Oxen Did Great Service on the F a rm t Pershing Fulfills Hope of Ancestor Not Hard to Rais; Calves, Pigs and Lambs if Skimmed Milk la Easily Available. The dismantling of Helgoland, In ac­ nel through which ammunition and T h e dairy herd Is the foundation fo r cordance with the decision reached by other stores could be safely taken dur­ the stock fnrmer or even fo r the gen­ the supreme war council at Pnris, ing a bombardment. During the war eral farm er who keeps several kinds marks the passing o f the greatest fo rt­ sufficient stores and munitions were o f stock. YYith skimmed milk it is ress In the North sea and the final maintained to withstand a three easy to raise calves, pigs and lambs, elimination o f Germany as a contender years' siege by Its garrison o f 2,200 but without It one may find a substi­ men. • for sea power. tute rather expensive and unsatisfac­ The North sea for a radius o f more tory. K eep the dairy cows and then Since 1890, when Great Britain ceded this square mile o f crumbling than twenty-five miles was mapped In these others may be added. marl and sandstone cliffs to Germany squares, each gun having Its square or for the protectorate o f Znnstbar nnd squares upon which It could be trained YVltu, the Germans have spent more Instantly should a hostile ship enter FEED DAIRY COWS ROUGHAGE than $8,000,000 a year In fortifyin g It. that little space o f sea. During the war Helgoland was fur­ O utllna Given of T w o G rain Rations Available records s h «v that Helgo­ to Bo Fed W ith Clover o r land had a circumference o f 120 miles ther protected by wide mine fields A lfa lfa Hay. In the year 800, but hnd crumbled stretching toward th e ' possible ap­ away at the rate o f 100 square miles proaches o f Britain's grand fleet. When the roughage fo r dairy cows Behind these sea barrier», o f which every century, until the Germans began to dream o f world conquest. Large Helgoland was the center, Germany Is clover or alfalfa hay, the grain ra­ buttresses o f granite were put up to maintained naval, submarine, Zeppelin tions may be 200 pounds eorn-nnd-eob protect the cliffs. R ifts and crevices and nlrplane bates for the four years meal, 100 pounds ground oats and 100 pounds gluten fe e d : or 250 pounds , were filled with ferro concrete. Break­ o f the war. waters were constructed and a naval By the dismantling o f Helgoland eorn-and-cob meal. 100 pounds wheat hnrbor built nnd 12 and 16-Inch Krupp and the Internationalization o f the bran and 100 pouhds glnten feed. guns were Installed In steel nnd con­ Kiel canal the German North sea porta Consideration of Package. crete casemates and sunken battery and those o f the nations bordering on T h e package In which butter Is positions. | the Baltic will be opened to the unre­ marketed demands careful considera­ The Island was pierced with a tun- ^ stricted commerce o f the world. tion. - It Is a habit o f crocodiles to conceal themselves In burrows In the banks o f rivers, which makes it a real task fo r the photographer whose problem Is to rout them out o f their holes and get them Into view o f the camera. In the American Museum Journal A. YV. Dimock gives an amusing description o f the methods ha used when con­ fronted with the task o f taking pic­ tures o f crocodiles In Florida. It was really exciting, says Mr. DIrnoek, a fter locating the mouth ol a crocodile’s enve, to hang the noosed end o f a rope In front o f It and stand on the bank above waiting fo r a “ bite,’1 while my boatman busied hlmsell thrusting a harpoon pole into the earth from ten to twenty feet behind me. In a few moments out would rush the crocodile; then there would be excitement at my end o f the line. The big reptile always struggled and fou gh t; he clutched at the line and rolled over and o ver; he swam out into the stream and he sulked in its depths, but the noose was tightly drawn and never allowed to slip, and the end found the creature facing th< camera on the bank. It was a matter o f ethics that the crocodile should be freed when he had posed fo r his photograph, and remov­ ing the lasso called fo r much agility on tne part o f the volunteer. ROADS IN NATIONAL FORESTS New Law Makes Available for Expend­ iture $9,000,000 for Roads and Trails. (Prepared by the United States Depart­ ment of Agriculture.) The development o f the national for­ est road systems is given great Impe­ tus by the twins o f the post office ap­ propriations act which 'th e president bas signed. Besides increasing by $200,000,000 the total fund available under the federal aid road act, the new law makes available fo r expendi­ ture by the secretary o f agriculture $9,000,000 forv roads and trails. The law also authorizes the secre­ tary o f war to transfer to the secre­ ta ry o f agriculture, material, equip­ ment and supplies suitable fo r high­ way Improvement and not needed by the war department. YY’ hile most o f this will be distributed among thç high­ way commissions o f the states fo r use on federal aid road projects, not to exceed 10 per cent may be reserved by the secretary o f agriculture for use In building natural forest roads or other roads constructed under his direct su­ pervision. The $9,000,000 fund may be used for maintenance as well as survey and construction. The new legislation, like the federal aid road act, authorizes the building o f roads and trails necessary for the use and development o f na­ tional forest resources or desirable for the proper administration, protection, and Improvement o f such fo re s t or co-operative local contributions can be obtained, but in addition It contains a new feature o f much Importance. This new feature permits the secre- of agriculture without the co-operation of local officials to build and maintain “ any road or trail within a national forest which he finds necessary fo r the proper administration, protection nnd Improvement o f such forest, or which In his opinion Is o f national Importance.” In the view o f forestry officials this law is the most Important step ever taken for rapid development o f national forest roads system, and will be o f Inestimable benefit to the local public. “ The measure gives us much broader scope for a fully developed program than we have had before,” says Hepry S. Graves, chief of the forest service, In commenting on the new law. “ Un- SPRING SMILES Costly, Experiment. “D o you subscribe to the the