f T
.JLjSREATJNJ)USm.
ENORMOUS USINESS DAmVlhd
HAS COME TO BE.
'ttW Uwlte &UtiAV.U Y.1
; as of Tbeir Produce Kacocde 900,-
000,000 a Tear-ThisCoBtryV$J
i Comparatively fsw persons reallxe
what enortnoua. bMlues dfrlrviug
UANuw 4 be In, tit UuluAliil(-.Vn
thli Industry, as la so many others, tliia
country beats the world. Tberv are
tver seveutecu million cows giving iu(lk
luth 'United Statea, nd tttnkea iu
army of over three hundred thousand
uiea working from ton to twelve limps.
V'a day to milt them. Tboj gsrviul
lvalue W the produce of these ll-J
cowt exceeds S&HMWO,000 a jroar. They
produce nearly a billion and a hajlf
poumli of butter, thro hundred thou
aand pound of cheese' and ,ver twi
billion fallout of milk yearly, for t6
Yankee cow I a good cow, au lujuftfl
i, out cow, aud worka all the year rounil.
Dairying in other countrtea sink tnj
Insignificance wben compared with U
Industry In the United States. So toild
are the Americana o(, dairy produc
that It takea from ' twenty-three
twenty-seven cows to each hundred.
the population to keep the country u
piled with milk, butter and choose aud
provide for the export trade. Tbe ex
port trade does not amount to nimh.tf-
- It baa-flttctuated ultich, but never roijrf
' beyond the prod of Ave buulrl
thousand -cow' Warty:', IU IM.'&'W
output of the dalrlea la consumed tit
home. We are the greatest butter-ea
tng people In th-w-orUpur
deafly pejiiyplbelnclat he
or twenty pounds to tue person.
about one hundred pounds annually tv
a' family of average si..i As choetij
eaters, however., we do not shine. The
average cousumptjvn,of cheese In thlji
country does net exceed three ami a
half pound jmtijaHiU a year, which
la far below, tbf, European average. At
milk drtokert'vr 'average tweuty fciij
lona apiece yearly, t Although we rp
not great cheesy eaters ourselves, (
tend tbout irty million pounds a ythr
to the people of the earth, who art
fond t Hat tfth o( feed,! M l
la Early Par. !
'AH this great datry industry "of "(Tie
United States baa been built up In the
last fifty years. Before that
milch cows of tbe country
mixed and Indescribable race
?e kndwn as
"native." It waa ;ss "old red cow" of
our boyhood, specimens of which oeea
alonally are seen In out-of-the-way
parts of the country living In the "old
red barn." The keeping of cows on an
American farm; waa loeldettal to (he
general work. In the fall and, early
winter the cow was allowed io'.go dry.
Winter dairying was 'practically t.
known.
Tbe care m the milk and ilia
making of the butter and cheese were
In ihe bands of tbe women of tbe
household, and tbe methods and the
ctenslla used were crude. Tbe average
quality of tbe products was Inferior,
and the supply of the domestic markets
,wkt tiaoTganlxed and Irregular,
r in the Eastern and Middle BUtes the
milk was usually set in small, shallow
earthen vessels or tin pans for the
cream to rise. Little attention was paid
to cooling the air In which It stood In
summer or to moderating it In winter
so long as freezing was prevented. The
few who scalded milk bad no Idea of
tbe true reason for, so doing or why
beneficial effects resulted. The pans of
milk oftener stood In pantries and cel
lars on on kitchen shelves than In rooina
penally constructed or adapted to the
purpose, In SuuiLern Pennsylvania
md the States further south spring
tiouses were n vogue. Milk received
care, and setting It In earthen crocks
it poM, standing In cool, flowing water,
was a usual and excellent practice.
Churning the entire milk was common.
fc Cow of 1800 (Jeriey).
' . PaVBL0PMT Of THE 00W.
This Is still done to spme extent In the
QVibera JStates,, where butter Is maiJe j
every morning, and where all the milk i
Is buttermilk- In seasons of scarcity of
tollkliijfra was no butter. In the North
ertStfttei? thereiwere some Instances
heri families were supplied with but
ter, weeklj dtiring most of the year, and
ttflVMoccaaipnal cheese, directly from
She producers, Bat the general farm
iractlc 'Ivda t4';''paek" the butter In
firkins, half; firkins,' tubs and 1ars and
jet the cheese accumulate on the farm,
toting, these products to tbe miukot
4nfy ncV or twice a year. Not only
mtari thoro n manv different lots and
klndsVi)f butter'and cheese as there
-
JrM
( IILKI.V( FOKCB ON A LAUCJE D.VIItY FA KM.
Tti Oiliest Cow
were toduuclng farm, but tbe product
f a single far nj varied In character and
qufcUty according to season and other
dreumstanet. Every package bad to
be examined, graded and sold upon Its
merits. It was usual'for half the but
terjn market to ba strong, if not actu
ally rancid, and for cheese to be sharp.
Hflth the products largely low In grade,
prices also were low;
Aj rule; except in tbe pasture tca-
i ,0.a.lrtOT")V1IH3AVl
BUTTER MAKING
I ! ' " I, .ifiiilt (.. .t.'l I
'J SIC") j 1I rt.it .! !!' !': !'!. I I' A
1 ;1' ,,(. ,iM,. (,t( , I ,-, . .
M JllOlIIi S! 1;
1.,11 ii ni mil i I'l i" " ' i "mi ia wvjjim
P- Jill i Jt M J11B .M triitnia -A UV
1 i n r t-S
oil H'Y' H'" MiA'i WIW NKW WAV,
son, ,thei A'of.a f"f f fWeutly
slid uhproiltatily aud hptmcj '.'itoo'rty, If
Snt hit.1' It wiw rfrontmoh tllllHj fr -owa
to die In winter of starvatftm Otul ex-
tmsure. Mild It wad wnstdcwdL, V U-
grace to furwci
uicre ui liuve tht'Ir c
tattle
pant In ouieltkUtJvfi1llll,,,,lI "4
actual iHvciHlty of liuiimu aid to raU
the eimaclaicd ulmnls titiitatfielifret.
There wore, of course, some farmers
Trtto tooSTtre of thctr csttto tod tvto
made a specialty of turuliig out Ante-
Touard the ntljaie of the cqntury,
ttll hi W hAife dcMiuluV ltH.rt
trade In It liegan. With the growth if
cities and towns the business of uitlk
supply IntToaiu'd aud belter met hods
twKaa'1oiaeTtll.' I'tw'u en me the es
ttt,ljllshfncntt,ef "enyaiifrlf" and the
linproVement of tie hrci'tl of dairy cat
'tHf.''WbVn the Itiip'rWelneut of the nn-
) tbe stocl'of cttttieslirfimu, a cow that
would give milk that would make a
pound of butter n day for two or three
months win a IoijiI celebrity. As late
as 18(15, when gmd cows sold for fit)
or less, an enterprising farmer In Now
England advertised widely that he
would pay f 100 for any cow that would
yield fifty poiitids of milk a day on bj
farm for two or three coimmitlve days.
Not an animal was offered on thone
conditions. Nowadays a cow that does
not average from six to seven quarts
of milk a day for 30 days-being 4,000
to 4,500 pounds a year Is not consid
ered profitable. There tre many bents
having an average yearly product of
5,000 pounds a cow, aud single animals
are ninny which give ten or twelve
times their own weight Ip milk during
the year. The qfiality of the milk has
Improved so much that the milk of one
cow- now will make as much butter as
did the milk of three or four of the old
native animals.
I'ro!lleib
Though the old native stock was a
pretty tough and disreputable race of
cows, there would appear once In a
while In It a prodigy. Such was tbe
famous "Oakes cow" of Massachusetts,
which asKinlabed tho world, In 1810,
by giving forty-fdur pounds of mlik a
day, out of which was made 4U7 pounds
of butter In one season. This ostenta
tious cow did this when her friends and
neighbors were proud they produced
nlxty pounds of butter a year. It made
lier famous, and ahe bad her plctur,
painted In 'oil, but none of her l,
sceudants took after her, and she wa..
regarded as a freak. :r.,- -
Nowadays the Oakes cow would be
regarded as a good cow nothing more.
The Shorthorn breed led In the Intro
duction of Improved cattle Into tho
United States and formed the founda
tion upon which many line dairy herds
were built They were brought from
England, and much of the Shorthorn
blood can still be found in proaperous
dairy districts throughout the United
States. Soon, however, they began to
breed the Shorthorns for their beef
qualities, and now few full-blooded
Shorthorns are classed as dairy cattle,
Ayrsblres from Scotland, Ilolsteln
Frleslans from Holland and Jerseys
and Oucrun(Vs from the Channel
Islands were then brought ri, and
upon animals graded aud improved
from these breeds the vast dairy indus
try of the country now mainly depends.
The Ayrsblres and Holstems are great
milk givers, and the Jerseys and
Guernseys (often miscalled Alderneys)
are great butter makers. Brown Swiss
and Slnuiiciitlinn cattle from Switzer
land, the Normandy breed from France
and red-polled cnttlo from the south of
England have also been Imported, but
'are In what is known to dairymen
as
the "general purpose class." They are
pretty good In everything, but have no
specialties.
It used to be believed that successful
dairying could be carried on only In the
United States In a belt lying between
the latitude of Fhiladephla and the lati
tude of the northern boundary of Ver
mont and extending as far west as tbe
Missouri River. Even in that belt It
was believed that the true dairying dis-
OLD AND MJV
I
4.t-f- i
trhjt wtfre, n ditched aetlowa whWh
lii not occupy mom than onvibird of
Its area. This Men lias been exploded.
It has becu found thnt good butter and
cheese can he made In almost all parts
of, JfurlbeBu ,A met A a rule good
butter, jcqn lj UMde ) jjercver good beef
can I produced.' '
Mechanical Itovlvv.
Along; wlih lb growth of the dairy
JuattHinl caiiM tlie Invention of many
leHanfcal devices for doing by ma
chiuery what had hitherto lieeu duus
by 4)und.M)ue curious device Is called
tbe dairy "centrifuge, "cream separ
ator",, or "skimmer," It Is a closed
bowl revolving at tbe rate, sometimes,
of 'AOOO times a minute. The milk
(lows through a feed pipe Into the rap
Idly whirling bowl, and from the bowl
two projecting to ties discharge coutluii.
ously the one cream and the othei
skimmed milk. A skimmer of staudard
factory slsso handles -.V) gallium of milk
an hour. This Is different from tlis
good wife "ncttliiK" the milk and then
going around with ber Utile tin skltm
hut and removing the cream for the
morrow's churning.
An excellent example of the change
wrought In dairy practice Is afforded
by an Instance In Northern Vermont,
a region long noted for Its butter pro
duction. St. Albans la the huslucss
center of Frstiklln (Nuuiy. lurlug
the middle of tho century (he country
made butter from miles around rami' to
this market every Tuei'.iy, The aver
age weekly supply was thirty to forty
tons. This butter was varied In qual
ity, was sampled and classified with
much labor and expense, placed In three
grades and forwarded to the Huston
market, 'J(H), miles distant. All this but
ter was made upon 1.000 or 2.000 differ
ent farms, lu as many churns, lu lxso
the first creamery was built lu this
county; ten years later there were fif
teen. Now, a creamery company lu St.
Albans has fifty-odd skimming or sep
arating stations distributed through
this and adjoining counties. To those
Is carried tbe milk from more thnu :w,
000 cows. Farmers having home sep
arators may deliver cream, which, be
ing IUHiKcted and tested, Is accepted
and credited at Its actual butter value.
Just as other raw material Is sold to
mills and factories. Tbe separated
crouiu Is convoyed by rail and wagon -
largely the former to the central fac
tory. There, lu one room, from ten to
twelve tons of butter are made every
working day. A single churning place
for a whole county!
Within recent years there has lieen a
great development In the utilization of
the by-products of dairying, Ten years
ago there were enormous quantities of
skimmed milk and buttermilk from the
creameries, which were absolutely
wasted. Now, however, there Is a con
stantly growing demand for butter
milk In the market, while In many
places new branches have lately been
added to the Industry, which iimke
Hiignr of milk nud some other commer
cial products from whey and utilize
sklm milk in various ways. The albu
men of tho latter Is extracted for imo
with food products and In the arts.
The casein Is desslcated and prepared
ns a bulling supply nnd sulistltute for
eggs, ns tlie basts of nn enamel point,
as a substitute for glue In paper slsslng.
and It Is also solidified so as, to make
excellent' buttons, combs, brush backs,
handles, electrical Insulator and sim
ilar articles.
Ouly one thing In dairying remains
unaltered aud unchanged. That Is the
milking of tbe cows. Many mechanlcul
devices have been Invented and pat
utcd for the milking of cows by ma-
uluery, but none of them has been a
success. Cows arc milked now as they
were in the days of Abraham, an 1 still
Mary "calls the cattle borne across the
sands of Dec,"
Carlyle's Inconsistency. .
In "Dean Mllmitu's Life," by his son,
occurs tbe following:
"Curlyle begun to grumble, looking
across at Froude: 'There Is a man who
tries to whitewash and excuse a tyrant.
You cannot Improve them and you can
not alter them by telling soft lies about
them. Tbey are cruel, wicked men, and
(iod lets them gang their aln gait.' My
father did not quite catch what Carlyle
was saying, and made his neighbor re
peat it. Being seized of the matter, he
called out, 'Listen, Froudellston: here
Is Mr. Carlyle denouncing you for mak
ing Henry VIII, a hero nnd a great
king. Won't you remind him of Fred
crick the Great?' Carlyle looked In
great dudgeon for nbout half a minute,
and then burst out Into a guffaw of
laughter."
There Would Bo No Clian.
"No, Harry, I nm sure we could not
be happy together; you know I always
want my own way In everything."
"But, darling, you could go on want
ing It after we were marrled."-Brook-lyn
Life.
Waste Material ft Ilaed,
Tine and hemlock stumps aud old
logs thnt were supposed to have be
come worthless years ago,are being
gathered In Northern Michigan to be
manufactured Into lath. ,
It's far easier to show another man
bis proper place la tbe world than It
It to And your own.
QwOMAOWATtFU,.,NATlOW,!.
' . . . . . ... ... .
lain i rHim i" , rsMcn Oejreaa
!! k AMarlvtw, f r
Ueceutly Uert was adU-tt4lA
a ttagultlvent equestrian status of
U(tyette, a glf( fo thf , French Qovera
iu froia the Auierlciu republic.
The originator of tl A(aytt mar
uiuent project and Its iubsqaot pro
moter la Hubert J. Tbvuipsuu, a aclou
of tarfot lheuldtf aud must bouurable
Tamllles In the 8 late of Iowa. Like
many another American student, Mr
U'boUjpwn' earljf develoied a deep "tl
lastlug aduiltallon for the great
French champion of the revolution, ami
us a schoolboy" tlrtrt oitit-fvedl tl
vague Idea that with succoedltig leat
bat developed Into so tuagiilticeUt
aclilevi mi'ut. He laboret) ensegetlcaHy!
until be succeeded In wliiulng to the
support of lit; pitijwt the President
and other luilueiitiul men of the batlou,
and Hept l.J9Wk the 1-arnyeiie t'uiu
Uitsilot wt TOTilu'd. In sildltloU. ba
eullstsd the niptrt of t.imo.OUO loyal
school chlldrW f Wie laud, and lu itli
weeks' time Imd received from them
H5.WW.so, g.tH)CiihUuoili,f (uml for
4 bcgluulng. t)n the sttiMigih of the
nucleus thus established, on March 31.
ISM), Congress made an tiiiiroifrlalAiu
of fno,(Mioto tbe tJifayette uiouuitictit
fnndj the amount being Uxucd In the
Ititdii of a sHKlatly dettlgned coin
known as the Ufayvtte dollar,
Tbe design adopted for the Ufayttte
mouuMcDt involves two principal com
IMiVafa, tiambly.jJta)4tee4Hr Matue
ami tue peuesui w hereon u nuk 1 1. i m
former wjll be omt of the hii; tgr.tvs
5ff thk kind In U etu ltiw
xceptlon the rlclx at, The fti4 will
YpreOtit. fayette In ( ill 'utltoriu
iuouuliHt ou a oohle war steed ami
raising bis sword. mnl, U the
tleietis. It Is brononed to use au alloy
or gold and silver, Instead of Ut ami
spelter, lu the bromte casting to refine
and beaullfv It. and to rant the entire
1 nKur "J tu process-an ehib-
orstt and expensive, though eminently
artistic method. The pedestal Will ba
ins LAravtm moxumsnt.
of colored marble, wltb rich bronxa ar
rbltecluralornaments. elaborate exedra
and extensive artistic surroundings.
One of tbe original Ideas of tbe
1-afayette memorial project was that
the monument might be completed M
ready for dedlcaltToFJul 4. Unt ,J
States day at the t'aris t-ii..'t
nd for soma time Ifts r was ;.f
rled ou with this end ii few ) ,o
became evident, hewme", that v , out
plete tho undertaking wlUiiu .'-..ifi
au Interval would be id utter 1
blllty. It waa, then-fore, decided to
prepare a staff reproduction of the de
signs, which answered the purpose of
dedication and will stand on ths sits
of the permanent monument through
out the exposition.
LITTLE ONES TAUGHT MUSIC.
Apparatus for Klnltrurtca t'a D
vUd by a Waatsrn Oanloa,
An apparatus for teaching music to
kindergarten children has becu devised
by a Western genius, It couslita of a
piano keyboard, a box of lettered, fig
ured disks, a box of varl-colored time
sticks and music tablets.
The time sticks are of different
lengths, and with these the children are
taught to realise the various time val-
ft)
iiii
i 0 1 1 0 1
O-
1 as 8
(Keybosrd Ohsrt, with DUks la Position on
Keys.
nvi-uuu i.iii 01 imm bib inn luirq
bird
Tbe Illustration al.o HHuws tbt
ues. Wbolo notes are represented by
sticks of considerable length, half
notes by sticks Just half as long,
quarter notes by sticks one half
the length of the bnlf-note sticks,
etc. Tbe child then actually makes
for himself pictures exactly rep
resenting the value of tbei dif
ferent notes UHcd iu i!wlu .Th clefs
and the numb-r of lines iu the sw ti
ara taught by -io..aiis of .he ife'i"", J'.al
the colored disks. , Tha children h-nru
to place the dixit properly 1j fweaua
of rhymes like this: '
In groups of two and youi' 'nh.ri.LL
The black keys nowwe1I "always see;
The white keys, we notice, stand in s
row,
And the names of all wo soon will know.
By making a sort of game out of tho
study tbe pupils soon learn the prin
ciple bf plano-playlug and of music Jn
general
Or w lllch on a 1'rlvate's Pay.
Tbo most widely known character at
Uie Tresldlo Is dead. After thirty-one
years of service In the ranks, and near
ly two years on the retired list, "I'ad
lly" Miles has closed his honorable and
J'lcturesquo army record.
' Joseph was Taddy's real first name.
iMlles, the surname, was merely the ab
breviation of a long Polish name that
puis been forgotten even by the deud
man's surviving relatives.
As Joseph Miles, tbe young Jewish
Tollsh Immigrant enlisted thirty-three
years ago, and that has been his official
name ever since, but as "Paddy" he
vas always addressed In the camp and
at bis borne.
Though his pay was never more nor
Jess than $13 a month during his thirty
lone years In the army, rrlvato Miles
accumulated a fortune that the Presidio
:ofllcers declare to be worth f.45,000.
Jle was a shrewd, saving man. He
jkept four cows, obtaining free pastur
age on the Presidio reservation, and
selling the milk to the army officers
fit 10 cents a quart He and big wife
Hi1 nearly twenty years In ihe.Ohl
brick bulldlLg at Fort l'oint; there waa
oa reatla M.'1 little to provide In
the wis of fatuity supihji t. Mrs. Mlies
did th washing for twenty live olUi
at $1,00 a month psr man. ; " i
Miles served lu the flpsulsb war. it
turnlug to bis boms, be retlrsd on June
17, aud wss grsntvd pension t
'.'4 a mouth. It was this soldier's d
tlnctloii. I'resldlo officers assert, .tq
serve Ihlrty ohe years In the army with
out ever being sent to the guardhouse.
r-Matt Francisco Correspondent' iit,
Uuls Ueputillc. 1 k , . r 4
,', i , ,, '.,'",. ' -' '
Jlow ths (jaeeu Is f botoarsptted.
."Wbn bir omJeVty wishes to have a
now photograph taken she sends a com
mand ,tuiis days beforehand to ths
photographer upon whom her choice
may fall, 19 attend at tho royal resi
dence ou a cerialu day and at a certain
hour.
Tli photographer lakes with him his
apparatus and I wo assistants, and a
rtsiui is specially prepared for tho sit
ting, The Queen Is a very good subject
and displays no Impudence during ths
ordeal, which Is necessarily a tedious
affair, as sho Is always taken lu a num
ber of dlffereut positions, proofs of all
of which art submitted to her. lier
majesty then makes a selection, and
prlu is are ouly tnkeu from those she
approves of. No 0110 Is allowed to pub
lish a photo of tho Quoou without lirst
submitting tho photo to her aud ob
taining her permission to do so,-London
L'jpres.
-j. , ., ,
. , lo Nut Itolay, ,
"! bi -e been reading about the falls
of Nla.jars.f remarked Mr. Linger to
Miss Fro'-hs. ,
'Thai ' whore a great many bridal
coupleS'Tro ou their weddiug Journey,
Isn't It?" she cooed.
"Why, yes, I believe so." replied Mr.
IJuger.
"1 should so like to see Niagara
Falls," ths girl said In a low, thought
ful voles.
"Yes, they are a wonderful spectacle.
Hut what 1 was about to may was that
lbs annual report of the United Suites
Oouloglca! Survey ssys that In 3,500
years the falls will bo no more, the
bank of ths river will be dry, aud the
great lakes will be emptying luio the
Mississippi Ulver." .
"In how many years?"
"Thirty-five hundred."
"Ho soon as tliatr exclaimed MUs
Frocks. "Ut us go aud sea them at
once,"
"V will," said Mr. Linger, "aud wa
will go ou our bridal tour."
And they were very happy ever after,
Harper's Weekly.
Knaliah is Hhe Is Urola.
The following notice Is displayed In a
hotel lu Norway: "Hath! First-class
bath, Can anybody get. Tusbbath.
Warm and cold. Tub bntb aud show
er bath. At any time. F.xcept Satur
day, lty two hours forbore,"
Aud this Is the notice that was post
ed up recently In an art exhibition In
Toklo, Japan: "Visitors are requested
at the entrance to show tickets for In
spection. Tickets are ehnrged ten ceus
and 3 ceus, for the special and com
mon respectively. No visitor who la
mad or Intoxicated Is allowed to enter
In. If any person found in shall be
claimed to retire. No visitor Is allowed
to carry In with himself any parcel,
umbrella, stick and the like kind, ex
cept bis purse, nud Is strictly forbidden
to take within himself dog, or the same
kind of beAsts, VUltor Is requested to
take good are of himself from thieve-
ly."
, American Nerve.
Jrt.tjioii, nn American art student In
Fans, got Into a quarrel with a French
man and an engagement for a duel re
suited. At 7 o'clock lit the morning
the two duelists met at the ticket office
of ths railroad statlou whence they
were to depart for the chose u spot lu
tbe suburbs.
"Give nie a round trip ticket as us
ual, says Jonnaou to the clerk In a
terrible tone, giving bis mustache a
ferocious twist.
"1-1 say, do you always buy round
trip tickets V" stammers the French
man.
"Always," says Johnson.
"Then I apologlxe."-Colller's Week
ly.
Ameriean r'rm h.
They are telllug a story In I'aris of
an American womau who tried to make
I A 5
Unos and Hpscrs of Htsfrs, the Dinks en
Hpm - of Treble Huff Hnvlim flovn 8llDivd to
nnir, or Treble Bluff llnvlnii Keen
Disks In I'gallloo on brgor I.lii.-i.)
use of a rather doubtful grade of Amer
ican Ollendorff French tn the hotel, al
though ajl the employes spoke English.
Finally one of tbe waiters asked the
manager for a leave of absence, and
tbo uialtre d'hotel himself went up to
solve the. mvstery. After a vloleui
tirade against 'he Incivility of the ga:
con, she declared thnt his French was
so frayed out i t tbe edges that he did
iot understand, what bottle of em-
bonpolut was. ,auu it took the man
ager twenty minutes to discover that
she had Intended to ask for stout.
ewjk"ork -Tribune.
. Victoria's Coronation Oosch.
Queen Victoria bus at ber disposal
wben she wishes to take a ride Innu
merable carriages. "Of these tbe coro
nation coach Is first. This carriage Is
unknown to tlie present generation, as
It has never left the royal mews at
Buckingham palace since 1801. It Is
lovely, but cumbersome, was designed
for George III. and every portion Is
richly decorated and gilded. Outside
Its panels are pictures painted by noted
artists. . '
1 Chinese Barbers.
The barbers In towns In China go
about ringing bells to get customers.
They carry with them' a stool, a basin,
a towel, and a pot containing tiro. When
any person calls to them they run to
him, and planting their stool In a con
venient place In the street, shave fhe
head, clean tbe' ears, dress the eye
brows, and brush 4 he shoulders, all for
the value of only half a cent.
Foel of Your Ears.
An English writer, who for fifteen
years or more has been a student of
criminal anthropology, says that largo,
voluminous ears are tbe most marked
characteristic of the criminal.
Cowards sing at night when they are
afraid, Women laugh at love for ths
same reason,
X
mm
I 4 J.M J-i 444
.mftcij utirajvy rryLR.
Laaaaas e ,,Blbla as a Medal el
lit glial Ian Lauguago,
' In all study of Euglish literature, If
tbert Us tnr tins axiom which avsri
Una bts accspted without question, 1;
Is tbt the ultimate standard of En
glish pros style la tat by tbt King
Itmat version of the Bible. For ex
amples of limpid, convincing narrative
we go to Usuesis, to tbe story of Huth,
to ths quiet taruestness of the gospels;
for ths mingled argument and expla
nation and exhortation In which Ilea
the highest power of tbe other side of
literature, we go to tbe prophets, aud
still more to tbe eplstlss of the New
Testament; and for the glow of ve
hemence and feeling which burns away
the limits between poetry and prose,
and makes prose style at Its highest
pitch able to,staud beside the stirring
vibrations of verse, we go to tbe psalms
or tbe book of Job or tbe prophecies of
Isaiah, or to the triumphant declara
tion of Immortality In tbe epistle to the
Corinthians.
If one were to figure tbe whole rsnge
of English prose style In tbe form of
an arch, one would put the style of the
Bible as Its keystone; and one would
put It (here Dot ouly because It Is the
highest point aud culmination of prose
wrltltif, but also because It binds the
whole structure together. On tbt one
side would be the writing which tends
more tnd more to the colloquial, which,
beginning with such finish and exquis
ite talk ss Dryden crystallised In hit
writings, runs off Into tbe slack aud
hasty style of Journalism; on the other
aide, such more splendidly and artfully
colored prose at Sir Thomas Browne's
or the ponderous weight of Dr. Johnson
dengeratlng In the bands of lesser mea
Into preciosity or pedantry. And with
such expleuatlotis wo fold our banda
In the comfortable feeling that here, at
auy rate, Is one Question of literature
settled for good; the standard of En
glish prose style Is standard of the
authorised version of tbe Bible; that
style Is so clear and so noble that there
Is nothing more to be accounted for.
Atlantic Monthly.
As Jo fine.
The following Is a literal copy of a
coiiiKltlou written by a Ueorgla
schoolboy, the original of which Is now
lu my possession. With all Its crude-
uess the essay shows considerable bon
est effort to learn and give facts re
lating to the subject, "The pi 11," which
was selected by tbe teacher: "A pin
Is a very useful apparatus Invention.
It Is very useful lo the people of the
United States as well as the people of
other countries In Europe. Jt Is used
In pinning dresses and other toilets.
The pin Is very cheap In this town, and
other counties of Ueorgla. They are
2 or 3 packs for 5 cents, aud sometimes
sold for 4 or 5 packs for 5 cent l'ins
were first used In Great Britain and
tbey were first made of wire In IMO,
Brass ones were Imported from France
by Catherine Howard. At first pins
were made by tiling a point of proper
Icnifth of wire. In some parts of
Fr sues the thorns are still used as pins.
Supposing a boy was climbing a fence
aud he accidentally lore bis coat, sud
he was scared bis mother would whip
him If she would see that whole In bis
coat, but If be had met another com
panion of his on bis way borne, and
this boy bad a plu, of course the boy
would feel better, and go borne on a
sly, and slip In tho house without see
ing his mother. Some days after this
the boy's mother would notice the
whole In ber son's coat, of course tbe
boy's mother ask him about this whole,
aud the boy tell bis mother the truth
about this, of course tho boy feels bet
ter after this, and after the boy re
ceives a whipping be meets the boy
that gave him tbe pin and thanks him.
This Is the good of a pln."-Truth.
Kipresblng Hie Disgust.
Probably most writers of serial
stories are familiar with tbe sensation
of recelvlug letters, of commendation
or disspprovsl from Interested readers
who are following up tbe stories as
they appear In their regular weekly or
monthly lostallmeuis. Occasionally
some curious person asks for private In
formation as to what tbe outcome Is
to be, while others offer suggestions as
to the disposition to be made of tbe
villain, or express a fear that the au
thor Intends to marry tho hero to tbe
wrong woman.
The writer of a serial ttory In one of
the popular mngaxlnes a few years ago
received the following letter from an
Indignant reader. The names are
changed for obvious reasons:
"Dear Sir: 1 take the liberty of tell
ing you that 1 regard your 'Simeon
Stacy,' now running through the Blank
Magastlue, as a little the thinnest novel
I have ever read. Furthermore, the
principal chaiacter In tbe story, to
whom you give tbe title role, so to
speak, Is so thoroughly detestable a
tniwi that I have taken the most effect
ive means in my power to show my
contempt for blm by changing my
name which happened to be the same
as bls-to something at unlike It as
possible. Yours truly,
"ANDUISW JACOBSON,
"(Formerly Simeon Stacy)."
The Btr iet Arab's Supposition.
A philanthropic lady of San Fran
cisco, one of the sort of superior slum
raisers, met ou one of her tours a little
boy who was swearing roundly over a
game of piarbles. She seised him at
onee and gave him a good shaking,
adding: "You ought to be ashamed of
yourself! I never beard such language
since the day I was born!" The boy
Into whose desolate home she had Just
been bringing light pulled himself
loose. "Yes'm," he said, "I a'poee dere
was a good deal 0' cussln' de day you
was born."
Ifty Million Stltohte In a Carpet.
Onccn Victoria is tbe owner of one of
the most remarkable articles ever made
lu prison. The superintendent of Agra
gaol, in tnaia, iwo years ago received
an order to weave a carpet of special
design for her majesty. Twenty-elghl
of tbe deftest convicts of the establish
ment were put to work on It. The car
pet measures T7x40 feet aud It Is esti
mated to contain 60,000,000 stitches.
Dloyoles Out of Date in Paris.
The bicycle Is almost a solecism In
Paris by now aud the petroleum bicycle
or landau whirrs In and out the traffic
at twenty tnlles an hour.
' Kyeslaht Good In Australia,
The number of blind persons In Aus
tralia In nroDortlon to tbe number of
the population is considerably lest than
In most other countries.
If
vmi ni-A not ellfrlhle In hnvlnir a
wedding with a long list of attendants
to show your importance, you still bav
one way left; a big Hat of pall bearers
at your funeral.
When the women have dressea madi
on purpose for a reception, it car
properly be referred to at "brilliant,"
raced a i bain aoainit rmt,
nraiasr Car Failed late Dae Maine
I In Tlase te Be laved.
, William M. Night tells a very Strang
story vf a chair car la a Chicago (treat
' Western Kailroad trait that waa afire
: and full of passengers wltb tbe trala
'at full speed. , "It was one of the
; strangest things I tver experienced,"
said he, "aud all the tralumea, tuclud
j Ing the superintendent of the road,
were iu a quandary to know tbe cause
of the car's catching oa Are. We were
about seven miles from Des Moines
when smoke waa discovered curling out
from under the middle of tbe first chair
car, and seemed to btvt spread toward
both ends. It bad not started near tbe
wheels,' for It was In tbe center of tbe
car, and that would do away wltb any
theory of a bet bog.
I "Well, what to do was a little prob
lem for the conductor of tbe train to
solve. Tbe lire could not be s tupped
I without a hose and water power to
throw tbe water back toward both ends
or the car, and at that place In the
I Holds there were 00 such conveniences.
The Are bad not yet eaten its' way
tnrougn tbe floor, so the passengers
needed to have no fear. Tbe engineer
tnd conductor wltb a few passengers
itood beside tbe car, undecided what
to do. If the train remained there tbe
, coach must necessarily have burned op
(tnd would btve 'laid out' tbo whole
I road.
'Tbe conductor suddenly conceived a
1 plan and Immediately shouted: 'All
aboard! ; Hhove ber through to Des
Moines at full speed, Tommy,' be yelled
to tbe engineer, and Tommy,' the Urge,
chubby engineer, covered wltb grease
and oil, waddled down to bis engine as
fast as bis short legs could carry bint.
Tbe conductor pulled the cord. Tommy
pulled tbe throttle wide open and eucb
t wild ride aa we did have! It wait a
race to see wblcb was tbe faster, tbo
fire or tbe locomotive. Tbe locomotive
won, and wben we reached tbe yards
it Des Moines tbe fire bed almoat eaten
Its way through the floor of tbe coach.
It was quickly extinguished at tbe
edge of tbe yards by means of a hose
attached to a water main, and we drew
into tbe depot on time."
AMERICAN ORAVE8 IN MEXICO.
Railroad Llaae Dottel with Mosusda
Marked by a ttiaaple Croaa.
How many of the hundreds of Amer
ican tourists who tusk a trip through
Mexico nave ever noticed tbe little
wooden crosses that Hue every railroad
route through the country, and bow
many of those who hsve noticed them
know that In most Instances tbey mark
the grave of some compstrlot who baa
met audden deatb through some acci
dent! To those unfamiliar wltb Mexican
methods this may seem strange, but It
is a fact that of the many Americans
wbo are killed on tbe railroads in Mex
ico very few are Interred In conse
nted ground. Most of these pathetic
little grave marks have rotted off, and
now lie flat on the graves, but tbey will
be replaced some day, for tbe native
Mexican of tbe lower class, wltb all bit
bate of the "gringo," never alio we a
grave long to remain unmarked If ni
knows It lie Is superstitious to tbe
last degree, and he firmly believes that
ihoiild be allow the day of bla patron
tulut to pass without his attending to
the graves In the Immediate vicinity of
his borne he would forever be haunted
by tbe spirit of tbe neglected grave's
occupant if -
On tbe Rascon mountains, probably
tbe most dangerous piece of railroad
track lo tbe republic, there are 80S of
these little crosses In about thirty-two
miles, and almost without exception
tbey mark the graves of American rail
road men. These graves are scattered
ill over tbe mountainside, but In every
case tbey are Just where tbe Inquest, It
there was one, was held.
The Interment of tbe dead In Mexico
la a very expensive mstter. For a time
tbe railroad men who went from tbe
States to operate tbe roads there tried
to give to all Americans wbo were kill
ed on their division a decent burial.
hut the lax on the few permanent onea
was too great tnd tbe plan waa prac
tically abandoned.
Posted.
She had met her city cousin at the
train, and aa they rode down Uraivd
ttlver avenue on tbe street car abe took
t prldeful pleasure In pointing out the
ibjects and buildings of Interest.
He evidenced tbe proper appreciation.
naklng highly complimentary remarks
ind no belittling comparisons with In
itltutlons in bis own city. Passing the
:orner of Grand River avenue and Cass
itreet. where the new U. A. It. struc
ture Is approaching lines of archltec-
ural beauty, she rapturously ex-
ilalmed:
"Now that will be one of our grand-
st buildings. Don't you think It will
je a beauty?"
"What building Is It?" he Inquired.
"That," she said, with becoming
?rlde. "Is tbe Oar building."
The what?"
Why, the Oar building, and it will
le Just too beautiful for "
"What Is It-a hotel?"
"No-o-o, not a hotel; It's Just a prl-
rate residence. Mr. Gar, wbo la im
mensely rich, Is going (0 live there, 1
believe."
A faint suspicion of a smile hovered
ibout tbe mouth of the city cousin as
tie glanced sideways at his Intelligent
rulde. Detroit Free Press.
,' Trjln i to Start a Faahlon.
An Incident occurred on a Darby car
1. A,t...M ,1.0 uhlnh aliAur nnnl,,.l .ln
that the average woman is well able to followed blm, said: "Dogs are not ad
take car of herself and her own. The ltted." "That's not my dog," replied
ar was crowded and when the mother-.
ly looking woman , came In, leading a
little boy by the hand, none of the men
irose (o give her a seat At this point '
1 newsboy entered and the woman call-.
ed blm to ber quickly and bought a
aewspaper. Then, In t deliberate man
ner, amid tbe chagrin of the male pas
sengers and tbe amusement of tbe con
ductor, the woman spread her newspa
per on tbe floor of the car, seated her
elf there, and took the boy In her lap.
After this she said to a shame-faced
man who arose with an apologetic air
to offer ber a seat; "No, sir; I don't
accept courtesies from a man who la so
reluctant to extend them as you have
been. I hope to start the fashion of
making you men as polite as your fa-
thcrs used to be, but I am afraid tbe
task Is a heavy one."-Phlladelphla
ltecord. . -, ;
Horses Exported.
In the nine months ended March 1,
1000, 30,625 horses were exported from
the United States, at an average price
of $120.
Strangest of All VegeUblee.
The most wonderful vegetable In the
world is the truffle. It baa neither
roots, stem, leaves, flowers nor seeds.
Fat people no doubt suffer as keenly
as lean ones, but somehow It lookf
funny to tat fat people weep.
lhe-"How happy yon oust be." Ba
-"Why!" ibe-"Tou're In love wltt
yourself, and without a rival on earth.'
-The King. t
"Jack lost bla bead, but Miss Lovle'
showed great presence of mind."
"What did tbe dor "l'ut hers on bla
shoulder." Town Topics.
Tetcber (suspiciously) "What wrote
your composition, Johnny T Johnny
"My father." "What, all of Itr
"NVui; I helped blm."-Truth.
A False Front: "Pa, our new dog la
awful deceitful." "How, Tommy?"
"Why, wben be barks at people be
wags bis tall" Chicago ltecord.
Dolly Swift Why are so many of tbe
girls fairly throwing themselves at
young MunnlcanT Sally Qay-Because
be Is such a good catch, 1 presume,
Tbt Smart Sec
Jimmy I guest you feel pretty bad
that you have lost your Job. Johnny
I don't care a bit about tbe Job; Out 1
wish I bad tbe pay, Just tbe same.
Boston Transcript
Mrs. Hlx-"John, what Is the mean
ing of newspaper talk V Mr. IIIx-"It's
the only kind of talk a man can In
dulge in without being Interrupted by
woman." Chicago News.
Ue-'VWben is a woman's happiest
agar She "Well, a woman's happiest
ge Is wben aba baa got old enough to
feel that she doesn't have to keep on
pretending aba la young."-Indlanap-
oils Journal.
Haughty Lady (wbo bas purchased a
pUmpt-Most 1 put 00 myself? Post
offlce assistant (very politely) Not
necessarily, ma'am; It will probably ac-
fompllsh more If you put It on tbe let-er.-Tlt-Blts.
, She continued tbe conversation. "No,
tlr, I wouldn't marry tbe best man on
earth." "Of course you know," be
(irged, "that It It not tbe custom for
the bride to marry the best man."
Uarper's Bazar.
Hostess Bun, daughter, and bring In
the new kitten. Isn't she a beauty I
lier name la 'Janice Meredith.' " Visit
r Oh, tbat'a nothing. We've got two
it onr bouse, and they're To Have and
lo HohV-Kxebange.
Blanche "Old Blowltz said be would
marry me If be were twenty yearn
younger.'' . Cbolly 'Twenty years
younger? Tbat would be exactly my
tge." Blanche "O, Cbolly, this la so
sudden." Town Topics.
Benevolent Lady "You say yon have
I wife and tlx children? Where are
theyr Beggar "I'm all alone. My
boys are at Harvard, my girls are at
Vassar, and my wife Is In Paris visit
ing the expositlou."-Judge.
Wlfe-Oh, John! I was shopping at
Joblots't today, and I saw Just the
sweetest thing there Husband
(diplomatically) Yes. That's a great
scheme of Joblots to have mirrors all
through bla store. Philadelphia Press.
A Falling Out-"And why did yon
leave your last place?" "Cook an' me
bad a fallln' out mem." "I don't see
why yon should leave for a little thine
like that "But we fell out o' th'
third-story window mem." Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
Had Been a Change: Kansas Man
(visiting In tbe East) We have lots of
tear neighbors now. Friend-Why, I
thought yonr ..nearest neighbor waa
twenty miles away. Kansas Man Yea,
but we've bad a cyclone siuce then.
Harlem Life.
A Poser: Parson "Dear me, Jim;
this Is terrible I You're drunk again!"
Jim "Wben did yer rlverenee see me
ihober lasht?" Parson-"M-wellI I
really don't remember." Jim (exnr
berantly) "Then ow d'yer know Pin
trunk again?" Sketch.
Indisputable: Miss Summlt-Wbat a
lot of old cblna MUs Spindle bas! And
the says It waa banded down In ber
family. Mlsa Palisade Then It Is Just
at I expected. Miss Summlt-Wbat Is?
Mlsa Palisade That her ancestors nev
er kept servants. Bazar.
Worth considering: Salesiady-'Tbla
glass dipper la so strong you can drive
nails with It." Purchase Agent "But
why should I -want to drive nails with
a dipperr' aiesiaay weooy your
wouldn't but I expect your wife
might" Indianapolis Press.
Twickenham "I saw Bambler to
day and be waa telling me about bla
baby." Mrs. Twickenham "Can the
baby talk?" Twickenham "No." Mra.
Twickenham "Did you ask him?"
Twickenham "No. But he didn't re
peat anything the baby said." Harlem
Life. '.-.,
There waa a piece of cold pudding on
the lunch table, aud mamma divided It
between .Willie and Elsie. Willie
looked at bla pudding then at hi
mother's empty plate. "Mamma," he
said, earnestly, "I can't enjoy my pud
ding when you haven't any. Take
ElsleV'-Llfe.
"What Is your greatest household ex
pense?" asked tbe first deaf and dumb
man. "Matches, wiggled tne angers
of the second. "Matches?" came the
surprised inquiry from the astonished
hand of the first man. "Yes, I talk In
my sleep, and my wife always lights
S match to see what 1 am saying."
Baltimore American.
. As a man entered a picture gallery
the attendant tapped him on tho shoul
der, and, pointing to a small cur tbat
the visitor. "But he follows you." "So
.m Ju! replied tee old gentleman,
tbkrply. The attendant growled, and
removed the dog with entirely unneo
esarI violence. xu-bhs.
A Rabbit's Possessions.
"What Is an anecdote, Johnny?" ask
ed the teacher.
"A short, funny tale," answered tha
little fellow.
"That's right" said the teacher.
"Now, Johnny, you may write a sen
tence on the blackboard containing the
word." . :.'
Johnny hesitated a moment and then
wrote this: "A rabbit has four legs and
one anecdote." San, Francisco News
'Letter.' - ' '-.-: . ' . : ;
The Jeerlnsr World.
"Look ever upward,", proudly
pro-
claimed the banner of our class.
"Rubber!" shouted the Jeering world,
which bad met a few new-made alumni
a few times previously. Indianapolia
Press.
: Coating Locomotives.
A new way to coal locomotives Is be
ing Introduced by a prominent railroad.
All the engineer has to do Is to run hla
engine on a trestle, and touch a button,
and a tendertul of coal drops into hla
tender, and la weighed as it drops In.
The girl who doesn't care for div
moadt must be ttone blind, "
i
1 ' 1
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