.-X TRUSTLNi
IMPLY trusting whll ! nger
f let, a. little longer
t' Thugh my path n lie In
UMtiOW
A.ud the way bo dark and
r. drear.
Though tauiptattoni rvttud m
FBthHP
Thomrh tot with doubt ami fear
I may .walk In perfect safety
While I trust Tbee, Savior dear.
Simply trusting tllm who ever
Faithful will Uls promise keep
And I know tie ne'er will fall me
For hit love Is broad Mid deep.
He hath trod the path before uie .
And he knows how rough the way
lie will load through death's dark
valley
Into everlasting day.
Simply trusting, watching, waiting
For the dawn to follow night,
When my spirit freed from earth-ties
Shall to heaven wing Its flight.
There with Thee to dwell forever
Where earth's sorrow all are e'er
There to greet friends stud loved ones
Where we meet to part no more.
Fit Kb LOCKLEY JU.
Salem, Or.
A Reminiscence of 1842-3,
N the fall and winter of
1842 ami M3 1 was living
VfY5J with my father's family in
Andrew eounry. Mo,, iilxmt
seven miles nortticnt of St.
Joscnh. a Mew town -Just
rtvy laid out on (the Missouri
river at the old trading
dace of Joe Roubulenux.
who was one of the An eettler of
that country. St Joe was In the
northwest corner of Buchanan county
and had Juet been eloeted aa county
scat. I boUeve. Durtug thl wintor
there were numerou aeeouuta given
In the newipaMr8 alsmt the famous
Willamette valley, And Oregon In gen
eral, but uiore particularly accounts
were glveti about the former, of lis
beauty and adaptability to agricul
tural pursuit end stock raising. Us
grand mottutoiu and snow-capped
peaks, its nttuiy beautiful rivers tilled
with swlmon and trout and all Iber
kind of good cutting fleh. Its many
kinds of game ami fur animals, be
side the many kinds of game birds,
all of which bjul a tendency to aromte
the ei-twibUtUe of any western pio
neer, this country having been most
ly settled up by this clam of cltjxeoa.
While the whole country seemed to
be hi tWs state of excitement we re
ceived the startling news that Senator
Lewis F. Unn of Missouri had pre
sented a bill in the senate of the
United State, the provisions of which
were commented upon by our news
papers in general and all persous
having any knowledge about the Mil
were free to express their oiJulous
about Uie great proliahUlty of Its pes
sage through congress and becoming
a law of the kind. The provisions of
said bill as well as I can remember
were time every man, woman and
child who would move to and settle
in Oregun altoukl have 6(0 acres of
this tteautiful land for a home. Quite
a number of our neighbor, ami friends
beiran to talk of moving to this far
off WiUkwuette valley, and it was not
long until some of them sold out their
property and liega.ii In earnest to tlx
for the trip. By tills time spring had
come and every family tJuit was going
on this long journey had their ar
rangements j bout lmule. The next
thing that seemed to call their tit ten
tlon was a leader who knew some
thing alsiut the country through
which they would have to pas In
order to reach the "goal" of their Im
aginations; and in order to more fully
understand each oUier there was a
meeting called at which there were
preset DMinj Demon who Intended
to irjr iu uutk.- ium m-iiihi journey
through a truckle wilderness that
but few If any knew anything about.
It was agreed, however, that they
stKiuld all rendezvous on the west Hide
f the Missouri river as soon ns pos
sible. I think this rendezvous was
somewhere near Independence, Jack
son county, or k uiny be that it was
Ft. IsuvMiwonUi at any rate, Uie
main emigration met ami organized
by electing Judge IVter II. Burnett
their captain. He was from Clay
county. Mo. Judge Bunrnt was a
very sensible and consistent man, ye
he was not informed on the (lueitUon
that most interested tills band of
Western pioneers who were about to
make this Imp in Uie dark with their
wives and tittle children, and there
fore tliey began to ks out for some
person or persons who could conduct
them through to Oregon; but there
were none to be found Uiat cculd con
duct Uiem to their destination, vet
there were several persons who had
been to the top of the Itocky mount
ains, but no farther West and they
had mostly been over Uie road on
horseback accompanied wU.h pack an
imals. Some few per ha i bad been
over the road with cunts and there
may have been some among them Unit
had been over the mountains and
down to Ft Hall, a Hudson Bay
trading establishment Just at Oils
time when they were in the greatest
strait of mind what to do there came
a stranger among them who laid
mode the trip to Oregon Jn lS.'t, and
returned from there in the fall and
winter of 1M2 to attend to some bus
iness In the East connected with mis
sions with which be and bis estima
ble wife were connected. This was
none other persen than Dr. Marcus
Whitman, who, after attending to his
business, had tnade a trip to Wash
ington City and had been of Incalcu
lable value to our' government In
helping to save this beautiful country
from the grasp of the British ilon.
Dr. Whitman Immediately tool!
charge and conducted this emigration
through to Oregon in aaftty with but
little trouble. However, when the
trains arrived at Fort Hall there was
a string effort mode by the agents of
the Hudson Bay company to persuade
the doctor and his comrades that
wagons could not be token through
to bis mission or to Oregon, but all
ithto talk was overcome by the doc
tor's determination and the emigra
tion moved on under the Igllant care
of their great leader with a determin
ation to micceed, that none seem to
have save those thuit have mnde this
"trip across the great plains that In
tervened between their starting point
and their destination, to-wit: the Wil
lamette valley. At this point the
agents of the Hudson's Bay Co. and
Oratiit Britain had always been able
to turn all Americans and in fact
all other (travelers to California, al
ways stating to thoise desirous to go
to Oregon that It was ft worthless
country only for fish and game and
that California was a good agricul
tural country and well adapted to tliat
kind of pursuits; so with this kind of
sophistry they had been able to turn
all travelers with any kind of vehi
cles to the latter country. The mis
sionaries, Dr, Marcus Whitman and
wife, Iter. II. H. Hiwiuldlng and wife,
and W. H. Gray, wlio bad gone this
way In 18.10 with their carts filled
with their household goods and a few
presents and stores for ,the Indians,
were the only exceptions. Dr. Whit
man and lady had stopped on the
Walla Walla river near where Walla
Walla city now stards, and formed
a mission and named it Wailatpu,
among Uie Gayuse Indians; and Itov.
Henry II. Siwiuldlng and wife and W,
II. Oray formed a mission on the
Clearwater, flow In the state of Idaho,
and named the mission Lapwal,
among ithe Nes Perce Indians. This
wku all done In the fall and winter of
18.'J6. And now to return to the thread
of my story I will further say that In
18i0 there were several trapper and
mountain men wlto came to this val
ley, some of them Americana, and in
1S42 a train of wtigons or carta came
through to Ft. 1UUI and wen pei
suiuhHl by the ngtwa W the Hudson
Bay t. to leave their wagons at Ft.
lUtll and emtio thnsigli wlUt park anl
list). This Mioy lld aiwl several sr
sons of the cmupaiiy sottbsl In Marion
county. And now as to tb unutl
gmnt of 1S43. I will any that they
continued on their Journey ttown the
Snaka river and crossing aald rlcr
about a day'a Urtve from the great
S.Utnon falls thenca ou over the sags
phtlns to old Ft. Hihte. Here they bad
to cross Snake river again, Uuhuh on
to Mi Grand IbuMle aot over the Blue
nuauttitUia kiito the 1' mat Ilia valley
ami down mid river to the iVilumbln
river; thiw'e ou down aakl rive to
Tlie IhiUe. where the wvgolt (d
embnl. Here they Iwd to take water
ou Hudsu' Bay Issits aent up by
wane of their unrd w ho had pre
mled (hem mi liorsoUick ami pack
luiluads. Their wagons were ahlpiod
down t.he river on rafts ami their
stock was driven down on the trail
to Vancouver and heuc over to lin
ten, at 4he head of Columbia aloitgh,
and when the wttgona ami stock ar
rlml all moved on nut to WaMhlugton
county or Tualitnn plains. Thus with
energy and push the 1HI3 Immlgrntlou
made the trip across the plntiis Into
this country In pretty gowl season,
with txmuxtmMvely simill less In per-
sou or nroiierty. and took lioaseaalou
thereof, and soou Is'gau to erect for
1 theuisolvea and fa nil lies Imiues such
m they ciMild provide with helr own
hatala. This grnud stroke of Htly
' no that) had a great dtal to do with
the tlnal settlement of Uie qnesiiou as
to who was the rightful owner of the
country.
T. C SUAW.
A Pioneer of the 40's.
II K dtvaile of lHirt waa of
the greatest Importance to
tir.gon, and tle ploniHrs
of that Krlod were an ex
traordlnary collection of
men aud women. In fact
it seems at present aa If
they were selected from
the great class of American teopU for
a certain purpose. The western tier
of states and territories was settled
by a class of peieile who had been
brought up amid the alarms of Indian
war ami the bard and rugged life of
coiicpicring a wilderness and prepar
ing a home for their children and oth
ers who followed closely along their
trails or rudely constructed wagon
mails through great ImhIIcs of wihmIs
or across wide existnse of tlsn West
ern prairie. Onward aud still onward
they pushed Westward toward the
land of the selling sun, until they
had settled Illinois, Iowa and Missouri.
For a time the tide rested, tilling up
the Intermediate space they had
passed and gathering strength for the
tlnal aud grandest achievement of all
Uk crossing of the remainder of
the continent aud settling the shores
of the Tacltlc.
Vague rouiors came of the delecta
ble land to be occupied and enjoyed
by the pusscKwtng the courage and
energy to accomplish the Journey.
This land was Oregon, lying on the
Istrder of the great l'aclflc. Vague ami
uncertain was most of the Information
obtained, In fact It might. In most
cases, lie called mythlcel, but still
euongh was learned to arouse the In
terest of a class of men and women
endowed by nature to attempt, and
succeed In the undertaking to reach
and permanently settle that country.
The tlrst who tlttemiited the trip
were equally as Intrepid as Columbus
as he Hilled for l lie llrt time from
the harbor of Pah on the morning of
Aug. 3. lilKi. He did not however
carry his family and nil his pMsrty
along expe.'tlng to settle and lay the
foundation of a home aud future state,
but rather left them expecting to re
turn und rciMirt on what lie had found.
But lioiv was it with the bold pioneer
who loaded his wagon wuh his fam
ily, household guniU and provisions
enough for a six mouths' Journey to
reach that far UiMtaut liiml, and If
reached, was the subsistence to tie
obtained to support his family? A
grave question. To explore a route
and make a road, to stand guard every
night for wlf preservation and pre
serve their stock from an ever hostile
Iiidinn who would both murder ami
steal? Kurcly a man would think
twice before deciding to attempt such
a Journey; he would Indeed even then
lie a man of Iron nerve to mnke the
endeavor. The occasion had come and
he was the one to make and accom
plish the allotted task, the linger of
destiny pointed t hit t way, and he un
hesitatingly yoked np his team am!
started.
' It Is impossible now to Impress iihui
those who are unw carried In Wj
days In palace cars In ease and com
fort, the toll, dancers, sufferings and
ImrdHhlp of the six mouths' Jounigy
across the plains, mountains, desert
and the crossing of dangerous stream
of the emigrants of the 40's. Wlier
we, who endured those hardship, tel
of them, many will look with Incred
ibility, and by the expression, If not
by words, tell us that we are lying.
But they are true, and the record of
their deeds have passed Into history
and will never Is repeated.
There Is a characteristic In the
American character that went far to
wards assisting them In tbla great un
dertaking, and that was organization
No company of emigrants ever started
to cross the border without they first
perfected an organization electing a
captain, whose word was respected
and obeyed, guards were kept tip very
generally throughout the Journey.
The loofe stis-k were driven by the
hoys who were old enough to ride and
guide a horse, but unable to do other
work. Everyone who was able to il
anything had their allotted dutlei
while on the march or In camp; th
march was continuous, no lolterlnv
along, but day after day they tolled,
whether the weather was stormy or
fair, and thus gradually they drew
nearer to the goal of their ambition,
this reached they unyoked the rem
nants of the fine teams with which
they started, and the good, faithful
and patient ox was tinned out to re
cuperate himself on the slnimhint
gni.liig the Willamette valley at that
time nffordiKl. The home-seeker had
arrived and he Immediately set about
to build a home and cultivate the soil
to support bis family and supply
those that he knew would come the
following year.
These emigrants of the 40's were In
telligent aud active men, not one out
of a hundred but wore able to read
and write, and all were noted for their
good hard sense. There was another
class of emigrants who tilled a very
Importunt position In the affairs that
came In the decade of the 4u'S. They
were the "missionaries who sailed
17,000 miles from New York around
Cape Horn, Into nud up the Columbia
river. These men and women came
to assist In settling the country, es
tablish schools and give the consola
tion of religion to all, whether native
or emigrant. All were well educated
and several above the average ability.
These two classic soon dlscoveml
that It would be to their Interest to
organize a government of some sort,
If only temporary, for the protection
of society and themselves. The great
est and most Immediate Incentive for
so doing, was the death of the wealth
iest American citizen, Ewing young,
which occurred Feb. 15, 1841, whose
funeral nearly all the American set
tlers attended; and here while they
were still about the grave, the ques
tion was asked, "What will be done
with his property?" He had left
neither heirs nor will, and even If he
had there was no way of probating
the same, A meeting was Immediately
held which was in time followed by
others, until a form of government
known as the "Provisional govern
ment" was organized which was main
tained until tho federal government
If
organised a territorial government on
March 3, 1810.
These men of the 4l' not only es
tablished their own and sustained the
territorial government, but helped to
develop the same Into and take an ac
tive part lu the atate organisation.
Th galaxy of names of those daya
will compart with those of this or any
other period or country. . Some of
whom prominent among them were
Jcsm Applogate, J. W. Nesuilth. Gov,
Aberuethy, Geo. I- Curry. A. L. Isive
Joy, Itev. J. t Parrlsh, II. A. J. I-ee,
Geo. W. lHivtou, P. II. Burnett, Dr.
John Mcltrlde, Joseph Meek, F, X.
Mathleu. Alanson Beers, W. G. T.
Vault, Jeol Palmers, Col. O. Gilliam,
J, Q. Thornton, H. It. Thurston, C.
Uucaster, John Mluto, It. M. Morri
son, W. H. Gray, aud a great many
others which to give would make this
article too prolix. Some of these men
went to congress as delegates, repre
sentatives aud aeuators; others were
governors. Judges, ami members of the
legislature, lu fact tilling any and all
positions In the territory or state with
credit to themselves aud their con
stituents. i
But these men having fulfilled their
destiny, are rapidly dlsapiearliig aud
their like will never awcar again, of
course the occasion will uever occur,
as the continent Is practically ex
plored and comparatively settled. The
tolls and hardships through which
they have passed will uever be fully
appreciated.
3. ItKVItV ItltOWV.
The Financial Situation
'F'S? K are confronted with a
'3? wmdltlon ana not a theory.
iff Tho agea past liava tested
cyyi theories ami History teems
VvVa with disastrous export
of wisdom to Intelligently
V ments. It is not the part
note present coudlttoua and from the
lessons of the past weave a system of
enduring prosperity.
There Is In circulation la tbla coun
try over ft. N(0,ooo,OUO, exclusive of
the minor coins, every dollar of which
la practically a legal tender for all
debt, public and private, - except
whew by apoelue contract otherwise
provided, the gold and silver are legal
tender. In fact, aud the paper, so ac
cepted, because of Ha convertibility
tuto gold. .
of this sum $02.1.000.000 is full legal
tender silver dollars, ll.yi.OUMMi silver
eerrtdcatea, $210,000,000 national bank
notes, $.147,000,000 U. S. greenbacks
and ail kept at parity with the highest
standard of values lu the civilised
world. It la In evidence then, that
there Is no scarcity of money, in fact
there Is more per capita than ever be
fore. Much of this money la not lu
active circulation. The greater portion
of this stagnant fund Is on deposit In
the banks, not the proMrty of the
banks or baukert but of the many
thousand depositors; held In trust,
awaiting suitable opportunity for lu
reatment. The great Industries of the country
ara In a large measure paralysed, com
merce dormant and labor Idle. These
are the conditions and why? It can
not be said, "It Is for lack of money,
since there "Is more now thau when
times were at their best; It Is not be
cause the money has not been good
and stable for no creditor has refused
to accept, at Ita nominal value, any of
the monies of the United States; when
presented In payment of matured de
mands, aud no laborer or dealer In
merchandlsa has discounted any of the
money of the realm, and yet It la traa
that the country Is in a condition of
nervous prostration and it Is also true
that. In the business transscUons of
the day, there la abroad In the land a
seeming distrust and evident purpost
to provide against possible loss. The
promises to pay are wade specific, not
In dollars but lu "gold coin;" Invest
ments are Ix-lng dlnposiM of and the
proceeds converted Into gold or Its
equivalent; holders of silver certln
catea are presenting their promises to
pay to the treasurer of the Fulled
States and demanding gold and that
too when the promise to pay calls for
cow but the law makes It the duty of
the treasurer to redeem them on pre
sentation In coin, gold or silver, at bis
option; yet his option la limited, by
his higher duty to keep the two al
parity and this can only be don by
meeting the demands of the holders ol
certificate. If gold Is wauled aim
silver Is tendered It creates a dispar
ity; thus In the struggle to keep tip
the parity, the gold has Is'cn draws
out of the treasury while the sliver ac
cumulates. The careful student of
political economy will Inquire, why Is
tills? The answer conies, "It I th
Hat of commercial law," Domestic and
foreign commerce dominates all civil
lxed nations; beginning, so far as we
know, with the .ia:m. who traversed
the ilexerts with their caravan and
the Phoenicians, wlni "went dowu If
chip." Foreign commerce grndimllj
developed urn II Venice negotiated bill
!tf exchange, reduced Flmim-e to p
v-leiue and made Bookkeeping and
Art. Pincc when, domestic and for
clgn commerce have with lucivnsci'
momentum, taken on gigantic proper
llonx, until they know no state and
national In titularies, their sails whiten
our seas, their Iron highways clun ker
the continent, they scale the mount
ains nml they delve In the mines,
they dictate statutory laws and estuh
llsh valtios.
The cominer'-e of the world, limited
by the law of supply and demand
regulate all values. Statutes may tlx
weights and measures but not values
Statutes may tlx the nominal vitlnei
of legal tender, In the discharge of
lelits hut not the freedom of con
tract In legitimate business. The
days of Buster are past; now we buy
and sell. "Wampum" Is no longer
medium of exchange. The grind ol
centuries bus more clearly dellued
channels and established tlxed and
certain mediums of exchange am'
these are gold und silver, not upon
coin but upon metallc values, rated
neli independent of the other and
measured by the law of supply and de
niund, without reference to statutory
ratios or legal Hat, The history of
financial legislation running through
the centuries, has fully established the
utter Inability of legal enactments to
maintain parity on any fixed ratio,
only so long as paralleled by the sup
ply and demand. Whenever the ratio
fixed by the Jaw of supply and de
mand varies from the coin ra
tio parity can only lie main
tained upon n baslM of credit and
credit Is mode up of two factors, abil
ity and honesty, if the government
has the ability through Its current In
come and eMtablished reserves suf
ficient to muke them Interchangeable
by some form of redemption, backed
by an hottest and persistent effort to
keep faith with all creditors, parity
may be preserved, but not otherwls.
The proposition that government
"flat" can create values or make
money out of paper or anything else
of less value than the nominal value
given by the flat without n promise
of redemption, can only be enter
tained by concerted theorists, tin
anualnted with the facts of history.
The repeated fullures of Ungland
France and the United Htates are suf
ficient to convince all who can learn
from the school of experience, without
the personal experience. The deduc
tions then, are, that national prosper
ity, In mutters financial, depends on a
statute policy founded upon princi
ples of honest dcallug; recognizing
the potent power of domestic and for
eign commerce, In the regulation of
values and fixing the mediums of ex
change. .
The answer then to the question
why are the great iiiditstrlea partially
paralyzed, commerce dormant and
labor idle? may be found in three
words, "threatened flscul legislation."
The threatened, and partially accom
plished, tariff legislation unsettled
values paralyzed commerce and closed
fsctorlca reduced the current Income
of the government below the current
xhhs; hence a depleted treasury.
This threatened legislation cniwcu
dealers to quit placing order for new
stock and aacrlllcea were mads ou the
old to meet the probable new remit
tlous; without new order th factories
were compelled to close and lillcnens
followed as a forced result; creditor
tiers me anxious to call In loans be
cause of the shrinkage In securities;
all resulting In a general niismlsl
panic more disastrous, in the shrink-!
ag or value ana nnanciai toss, wun
lu eighteen mouth after Novemlar
Nth, IW2. than that of the war of
the Hebellloii, lueliiding the national
debt With the growth or public sen
timent looking toward doltascd cur
nsicy In stiver ntouomcutnllsm and
uopullstle flat titer ha come pros
tration to the minds of creditor lu
the credit of the government, ticm-e
the wild scramble for gold. Aa Is-fnre
lated till uervotis financial prostra
tion la not due to the luck of money
since there Is more now than ever ls
for and It Is not due to the so-culled
crime of IMTU ln durlnu' the eighty
years previous to 17:1, under fne coin
age only about IX.imni.uio in silver dol
ls bad becu coined and that had gone
out of circulation, for slm-e l!;a with
only Ave year of usHttslon of silver
coinage Into sliver dollars and wit li
mit any breach lu the legal tender
tattie of th stiver dollar there hits
been put lu circulation silver dollar
ami silver certitlcate over $:s"0.0iio,iniii
of silver all at parity with gold Is
iue of lis basts of credit ukui gold
reserve and the Integrity of the gov
ernment. Today there In a larger percentage
of silver In the money of this govern
ment thnu in any of the hliuciallle
nut Ions of the earth. This government
I today bimetallic In Its llnaneUl pel
Ity and It Is the policy f the republi
can party to maintain lilmetallnni in
th future which can only Is- done by
International blmeiallsui or If till aid
cannot be bad then by wise tvmrie.
Uons.
With such a financial policy (Irmly
established and honestly, udlnTcd to
and with repuollcatt protection fo
horn labor aud projM'r restriction on
objectionable foreign Immigration,
enduring prosperity would lie assured.
W. It. ODKI.L
BUT A FLASH OF LIGHT
Yet It Brings Hope lo
tho Mariner.
The' Lighthouse Service
of Uncle Sam.
A (Jovcmmrut Bureau la Touch wllk
tbe March of Prof r caa Marvels- '
ol Mecbauical Skill.
It la only a light flashing out ou
the waste of water, but the lands
iiuiu who has never gone down to the
sea lu ships, cannot appreciate the
emotlous to which It give birth in
the breast of those who have been
far from tbe sight of laud and friend
ly face. Tie I unable to uiiihTslaiel
the Joy of the mariner who, ou the
verge of shipwreck and destruction, Id
..uvea from death by tbe light that
Issue from the lighthouse tower, lie
knows not of the keen, vigilant and
often fatiguing vigil of the kes
who alia slleutly in the dead watchi-s
jf the night when the deep roar of
the horn or the vlbnint clung ef the
Ml. In fog aud atorm, brings bop
to tho heart of the sailor muu. He Is
a stranger to the knowledge or lives,
merchandise aud gallant ships saved
bv the brave men who art enrolled
lu tbe servlie of the 1'ulted Ktates
MghthoiiHe department.
Hver since the days of (irace Iur
lug. the light house kcciicr has liccti
iivextcd with I he hnln of bravery,
mil the trllmte H ibw t ved. The men
if the service, and. tin' woium. mo,
for many monitors of Hie deep belong
to the gentler sex, are courageous,
oynl and vigilant.
The growth of the department lias
Ikh'U In touch with the progress of
I he age. The lighthouse system of
this country commenced with Its com
iiiereo. The early colonists recogttlwil
the nii-esHlty for bcnmiis with which
to guide F.ngltsh undiluted merchant
men and their owu smaller craft,
milking landfall at night, to a sufe
anchorage. , ,
The first lighthouse on this conti
nent was built at the entrance to Hus
ton Harbor, on Lltllo Brewster Is
and. In 171.VKI, at a cost of fll.OJfi.
It wus em-ted by the order and at
the expeuse of the general court of the
province of Massachusetts bay, aud
it was supiKirted by light-due of two
cents per ton on all Incoming and out
tolng vessels, except cons ten, levied
by the collector of luiHirts of Huston.
The maritime colonics followed the
ixamplc of Massachusetts, and. when
he I'ulted States, by the act of All
.Mist 7, 17SI1, accepted the cession of
Hie title to, aud Joint Jurisdiction
iver, the llghihouxes on the coasts,
Hid agreed to maintain them there
tfter, they were eight In number, anil
comprised the following lights, all
of which are still In existence, though
id greatly Improved that they are the
mine only In purpose and In site:
Portsmouth, New Ilnmtshlre, llur
Isir Light; Boston Light, on Little
Brewster Island; the Gurnet Light,
near Plymouth, Mass,; It in lit Point
Light on Nantucket, Massachusetts;
Heaver Tall Light, on Oiioiileut Is
land, lthodu Island, In Long Island
sound; Sandy Hook Light, New Jer
sey, entrance to New Vork harbor;
Cape lienlopen, Delaware, at the en
trance to Delaware bay; Charleston
Main Light, on Morris Island, en
trance to the harbor of Charleston,
S. C.
When tho lights came Into the pox
session of the general government,
they were placed under tho direction
of tho secretary of the treasury.
With the erentton of the position of
commissioner of the revenue the du
ties of superintendent of lights was
transferred to this ofllcer. Upon the
abolition of the former office, In ist)2,
the lighthouse service reverted to the
control of the treasury department,
where It has since remained.
In tho enrly duys complaint of de
fects In the lighthouse system were
continually pouring In on congress
and the secretary of the treasury.
The lights were feeble and Inade
quate, the buoys were always out of
position, the methods of Inspection
were crude and unsatisfactory; In
short, It wus a system without a sys
tem, Congress, roused to the necessity of
action by frequent complaints, and
tipurred on, no doubt, by the fact that
voters in those days had a disagree
able habit of relegating artful dodgers
to private life, appointed committee
after committee to Investigate these
grievances and report remedial meas
ures, but nothing valuable cam of
the efforts until March 3, 1851, when
nn net of congress was approved, In
which the secretary of the treasury
was authorized to put the Fresnul il
luminating apparatus Into lighthouses
as rapidly as he thought best; to ap
point a board of proper persons to In
quire into the condition of the estab
lishment, and make a detailed report
aud programme to guide legislation
In extending and Improving the sys
tem of construction, Illumination, In
spection and superintendence, and to
detail engineer officer from the army
to superintend tbe construction aud
renovation of future lighthouse. Ou
May SI, ISM. Mr. for win, the secre
tary of the treasury, constituted and
Instructed this Isnird.
Ou January 30, th board made
an elaborate report of 7D0 pages, Il
lustrated by 40 platea, and with nu
luerou wood cut, embodying tbe
scientific and practical Information
necessary to a clear understanding of
tbe lighthouse system. The examina
tion extuuded Into the construction
of towers, dwelling, and Illuminating
apparatus. Included a careful Investi
gation of the manner In which keep
er Nrrurmed their duties; of the
ability and fidelity of the Inspectonj
of the mode of supplying the estuli
llsbiuent with oil and other stores,
anil of the ineihml of making win
tract and testing supplies. Ji con
trssted our i.,ettnMl with tbe light
bouse administration of (ireat Hill
nln anil France, Kvery source of re
liable information seem to have ls-en
explored to reach a true estimate of
the merits and defect of our system.
Tbe board rccoiuuioiided that the
lights be classllbil, after th French
uictbisl, lu orders, to be followed by
a system uf designation. The orders
running from one to six would Indi
cate the magnitude or Intensity of the
llght-lhc first tinier liclng the largest.
The designation Would define It
characteristic, as fixed, flashing, re
volving, red, while, or a combination
or those quullllc. Then It recom
mended the general adoption of the
Fresuot ieiiticulur system of Illu
minating BpNiiiitiis, lu place of the
old system of Illumination by the
Argii ml lamp and parnlsille rcitoctor.
Ami It also recommended a more vig
orous administration of the establish
ment, and to that end tl rivlloii of
a Ixinrd much after the French plun,
which, should combine lu It all the
scientific cxprrlewfl necessary to the
highest success lu Illumination, con
struction, hydrography, engineering,
knowledge uf the need of commerce,
nml espnhilly of administration.
I'nder the hiiist virion of the light
house board the service hn'S expanded
until tisluy It Is recognized as the
most complete and comprehensive
system In the world.
There are sixteen Inspection dis
tricts. An lnMHior. who Is a navy
ortlecr, aud an nglmer ofllcer from
tbo army are assigned to each light
hoiino district. The lusscton, under
the control of the naval secretary,
who also has chnrge, In the alsu-uce
of the chairman, of the utile of the
board, are charged with the mainte
nance of the light nud lighthouses
and with the discipline of Uie light
keiMr, The district engineer, un
der the direction of the engineer
retnry, are charged with building the
lighthouse, with keeping them In re
pair, and with th purchase, the act
ting up, and the repairs of the Illum
inating Apparatus. Both liisMcton
nml engineer make regular and spe
ctnl rciorts to the Iswrd, acting al
ways under its direction, and the
Imard makes a full annual rcKirt to
the secretary of the treasury, who.
In turn, make a full annual report
to congress.
The Increase In tbe amount of work
devolving upon the luspecton has
necessitated the apMilnimeiit of as
sistant liHpeeior. eeMH-lnlly In the
larger districts, selections Mug made
from the Junior ranks In the navy,
The most luiMirttiiit district Is the
third, with headquarters at Tompkins
Vllle. 8. I.
Here all the supplies fur the depart
nieiit are kept, here a bo the many
exMrlment for the pcrftcilott of
light ami buoy service are made, ami
here are constructed the great lamps
which Illumine the ath of the sailor
man. The magnificent lenses are im
Hiricd from Paris, ns our countrymen
have not yet mastered the problem of
mnklng perfect prisms. A stroll
through the well kept grounds, an In
SMe(loi of the vast oil celts, lamp
simp and other divisions wifuld well
repay the visitor, A sciaiat article
would lie required to give this estab
lishment adequate treatment, F.x-
peri men ts have Imhmi made recently
wlib electricity for lighting purisiscs
nud as a latent force in the service
bus not yet been rendered, final ver
dict has not yet Is-eu rendered, but It
Is wile to predict that electricity will
take the place of mineral oil as com
pldcly as the latter drove out sperm
and lu.nl oil as factors In lighthouse
Illumination, and that the electric
li.-ny will displace the ctimls-rsome
in l always uncertain automatic fog
buoy, KxMTluciits are now under
way to establish n system of lighted
buoys, In eoiitioetloii with the appli
cation of electricity, nud exerts de-
cmre Unit the Is-acon buoy Is only a
qiH'Mioii or time.
The lighthouse hmrd has had the
service of some of the brightest aud
most active minds In the American
iinvy. The lighthouse service has,
like the coast survey, come to Is- re
gurded as a training school for young
ottlccrs and ns u Held for the best
efforts of those higher In rank. The
roll of lighthouse iusiecton contains
the names of the flower of the navy;
nonce u is no source or wonder that
a tour of lighthouse dutj Is sought
by the more rmbitlous and studious
of our naval ottlccrs, and that the
service has Its choice from among tint
Is-st of I hem lu times of pence.
The army has also ts-en well repre
sented In the lighthouse service. On
the list of Jho lighthouse engineers
will tie found many of the mimes
which have given our military estab
lishment reputation If not fume, nud
such have been their victories In solv
ing the problems of subaqueous
structures, and In opposing successful
resistance to the violent attacks of
the elements under the most discour
aging circumstances, that It Is a ques
tion whether those names couucctcd
with the erection of certuiu light
lioiisin. will not live when history has
let die the memory of their brilliant
military -achievement.
Civil life has Imhmi well represented
on the board by such men us Profes
sor Bache, Pleice, Henry and Mor
ton, who have acted ns the si-lent Uie
advisors of the service, and whose
tiitmes are Identified with the solu
tion of problems In physics which
have liecn worked out under their di
rection In methods for guiding mar
iners by light at night, and by sound
when light wus unavailable.
The lighthouses on the New Eng
land coast were constructed previous
to IS 10 lu two forms, namely; conical
lowers of rubble-stone masonry and
wooden frame towers erected upon
tbe roofs of the keepers' dwellings.
Many Improvements In the methods
of construction have been evolved
since those days, nml tho distortion
of the framing of the house roof by
the swaying lateral motion has been
overcome by the application of mod
ern ideas In architecture.
Many of the lighthouses of the
country nro marvel of tho engineer's
and builder's art. There Is none,
however, more wonderful than the
lighthouses at Fowey Rocks, Flu.,
which wuh commenced In S7o, and
finished anil lighted on Juno 15, 1S7M.
It Is on the extreme northern point
of tho Florida teef. It Is of Iron,
and rests on nine piles driven about
ten feet Into the live coral -ock. The
different parts were made by tbroe
different contractors, but they were
fitted together and set up before the
structure was shipped to its site. It
wns a constant battle with tho ele
ments, but human perseverance won.
Iron-skeleton towers are used nn
land wh'-ro the soil affords an Inade
quate support for a masonry founda
tion nnd where grent cheapness Is
required. That at the Southwest Pass
of the Mississippi may be regarded as
typical. Its foundation consists of a
grillnge of timber resting 911 piles
and covered with concrete, on which
are aecured the iron socket disks from
which start eight external and one
cent Ml shaft of the skeleton. A two
sloty dwelling for tbe kecperl was
placid within Ihe shaft, ami a atalr
euro waa carried np to the lantern
through tulsj a In esse of the situ
liar light ou sub aqueous found.
Hons, The tower are 10
meet the purpose for which they
were Intended, aud are practicable
where heavier truclnre would not
answer, affording les resistance to
the wlud, and being much cheuis to
build. . , ,,
The use of Iron platea for building
lighthouse on drj foundation,
though not uncommon abroad, met
enrly with little favor In this country.
But. In later yeun. when a greater
knowledge of Iron a a material for
construction waa obtained, It came
Into larger use. Among the more
prominent of the Iron tower are
those at Cnisj Cauawral. Florida, on
hundred snd fifty feet high! that at
Bolivar l'eliit. Texas, one huudred
and twenty feet blah; that at limiting
Island, South Carolina, one hundred
and thirty feet high, and the tower at
Cupo Henry, Virginia.- ono hundred
and sixty-live feet high.
The lighthouse on Mlnot' Ledg U
the most luiMirtnut engineering work
that belong to our lighthouse system;
and Indeed It rank, by th engineer
linf difficulties surmounted In Ita erec
tion and by the skill and science
shown In the detail or it ronsirucv
tlon, among the chief of tbe great sea
iik iiiilit house of the world.
tuber remarkable Instance of the
union of the knowlcdg of the en
gineer and architect are the light
house at Penfleld itcef, Ismg Island
sound, and Tllliiimsik, ft plcturesque
ns ky promontory In Oregon, There
are other notable structures, but these
enme 10 mind, The most famous bea
con In tlie world, however, Is the Fd
dvstoiie light III the Knglish channel.
The Lighthouse board has some
forty lightships under It control.
Among the IsMter known an the New
South Shoals, PothN-k Ulp, Sandy
Hook. Frying Pun Hhoul aud Whiter
Quarter Shoal,
The buoy Is to the sen man by day
what the light Is at night, and what
(he fog signal Is lu thick weather.
It tells him by It lxe, form, color
ami niiuilH-r how to avoid the rot-ka
nud shoals, and show the way lu aud
out of harbor.
Congress prescrllssl that red buoy,
with even tinmlsn. tie placed on the
right baud side, nud black buoys, with
odd nunils'is, on the left bund wide of
channel approached from sea want;
that buoy placed on wrecks or other
obstructions having a channel on
each side, be painted with red and
bluek horlxontal stripe; that those
buoy placed In mid chanuel, and
which Indicate that they must be
pussod close to avoid danger, Is paint
ed with white and black poiendl.'iilnr
stripes; aud finally, that perches, with
balls, cages, etc., whim placed on
buoys, will Indicate a turning point,
the color and numlM-r of the buoy
showing the side 011 which they are
to lie passed.
Buoy sre exposed to many dan
ger, not the least of which Is that of
la-lng run down and ripped open by
passing steamers. A the Iron buoy
are made with compartment, they
are rarely sunk, but their line of flota
tion Is Ofteli lowered, and their useful
ness accordingly decreased. HiMir
buoy frequently .se a Jsirtloii of
their length, which I cut off by
stroke of colliding propeller blade.
Despite stale and national statute
forbidding it, vessel will sometimes
make fast to buoy, thus gradually
dragging them off their rings, A
buoy bus sometime been set adrift,
that a reward tuny lie obtained for
Its riN-overy; but this I not a profit
able M-ifitlon. as the reward paid I
varied with the circumstance of each
case. Tbe buoy' worst enemy, how
ever, Is Ice.
Telephone coinmtinbatlon lias Just
been established lictween Sandy I took
mid the Scotland lightship. The cable
rims from the electric buoy station at
Sandy Hook to the mushroom anchor-:
of the lightship, whence the fluid
rims up the chain cable to the receiver
of the telephone on board. The outer
end or the cable Is, so to icak
frayed out, thus forming a "gridiron'
or "grid." as it Is mimed, which, by
illfTiieloti, creates mi "area of cb-c-trlllaibiiif
The Ivcssel may swing
any way she Is driven, but If she docs
not get out of this area, connection
Is Insured, The same system will
prohanty is applied to every light
ship lu the service. ,
Fog ' horns and liell. operated by
clts-k work and caloric eugltns, for
many years obtained favor us a lueih
ih! of warning In fogs and storms, but
In later years these gave way to the
rog siren.
The principle of the siren Is easily
understood. A musical sound Is pro
duced when the tympanic membrane
Is struck periodically with suillclent
rapidity. The production of these
tyuiimule shocks by purr of air wa
first realized by Dr. ltoblson, and his
device was the first and simplest
form of the siren. A atop-rock was
so eoiiKiriieletl that It oiened and
shut the passage of a pipe Tai times
In a second. Air being allowed to
pas intermittently along the pipe bv
the rotation ef the cock, "a musical
sound wus mot smoothly uttered."
A great step was made in the con
struction of this Instrument In Cng
ulard de la Tour, who gave It Its
present name. He employed a lwix
with a perforated disk, capable of
rotation. 1 he peiTernilona were oil
llqite, so that when wind was driven
through. It so Impinged upon tlie ap
ertures of the disk ns to set It In
motion. No separate mechanism nws
therefore required to move the Uiicr
iiisK. uen tne erroratioiis of the
two disks coincided, n puff escaped;
when they did not coincide, Hie cur
rent of nlr was cut off. In this way
n succession of Impulses was Impart
ed to the air. The siren tins been
greatly Improved by Dove, nud spi-c-Lilly
so by lielmUoltz. Kvcn In Its
small form the Instrument Is capable
of producing sounds of great Intens
ity. These sirens are used on land
and sea, even the lightships numlMr
Ing them among their equipments.
Many Improvements In lights, buoys
and fog sirens have been Introduced
during the past few year, and It need
not tux credulity to believe that In a
short time buoys wlil serve as a
mark by day nnd a torch and danger
signal by night; that electricity will
take tho place of oil as an Illuminat
ing agent, and that every effort will
bo put forth to maintain the well
earned reputation of this branch of
tho government for efllclency nnd pro
gresslvcncss. The present lighthouse
board is composed of able men, most
of whom have devoted much time and
thought to the Interests of the serv
ice. Admiral Walker, a distinguished
sailor nnd scholar, Is the chairman of
the board. If ho has a hobby It la to
keep the lighthouse service of the
United States In the lend of the world.
POLYGAMY IN UTAH
ELI TALKS WITH THE PLURAL
WIVES OF M01UI0N FAR11KRS.
They Sny There Is No Lave in ' It-
No Love, No Jeal
ousy. SALT LAKE Tho Mormnna
forget a kind word. When 1 wns here,
nineteen years ago, the great tight wus
going on between the Gentiles and the
, , . , .
mormons. r.MHiern newspapers were
full of dispatches, saying Brlghatn
Younir wns iietuiillv In rlum.,i
threatening tho United States courts!
mm me aciuai ninety 01 uie (lenities
was it tl c-roii't do niriir. fSnniit itlunni,.li,w,l
several regiments of trmqis from the
uasi. a nnimsome journalist by the
linniA ft fillllan uma lraftnlnn H .
.,, V.. .-.I.. ...... I U
wires hot with anti-Mormon dispatches
to tbe Herald. Jui then I vt my
bkigntphy f Artomu Ward to Ilrlg
. v...;.. n.Bf-klntf Home kllid pass
age In the introduction about the Mor
mon ana tcmiig wi iiv"
m-.sild be lu ogden on bucU a train
and would write me letter to tne
New York Time. uen 1 .
den there Wood lb propliet "".
it' lit rum ClaWSOH With
fecial car to lake myself and wlf to
Salt 1-aae. xrunn 7 - "
for a week aftorward 1 bad many
talks with Brlgham. t
Tell Oeiieral Oraut." b said In erne
of these talks, "that tlie
fighters, but whim we Oglif It will be
for the nation aud under the old flag.
Tell bltn when w Mormon ran t live
In our own Salt lake In peace we will
go to Mexico or Canada.''
These assuring word and the sev
eral published interview I had with
Brlgham. Cannon ami Clawson qnlet-il
down the Knst and the excitement
subsided,
At that time polygamy waa every
where In ttah. Hiram Clawnon had
married Iwo daughter of the prophet
and showed us twenty-seven children,
Amelia Folsom occupied tbe big bou
opposite the Llofl llou, and Ann
Kllx hd fld V1 w,tb M'J"'
1 nii,Hi'a other wive were at
1 1. Lion House. One afternoon we
were Invlb-d to tea bv the lW
when we int and talked en famllle
with all th" women. Speaking of Aim
m. tl.rl.M m atsllil
t 7....i. iivd with Ann Elix.
ui.L u,i Healed to me at tbe re
quest of bet father and mother, who
.br friends of mine. We mvr
lived together a single day or nlgbt
.,.. .. t.t p-tlnaf "
"WloH wa the matter with Ann
Elbsa.- I asked. , , .
-Well, she wa separated from bn
bustsnid. a worthies ym"f '.
and a a grns widow ws eondm-t ug
berfelf Improperly ami ec-iiu.
..... i...,i. tii father and mother
came to me with tears In their eye
end liegged ma to throw me arm.
tbe church around her. So she was
hut me like several other Mor
mon women, but w were never mar
ried "
Brlgham Toung. Jr., told me In the
presence of a graniison or in irT"
Lutein ilm 1 tin nrr saw bis faUie
with Ann Kllxa. Amelia Folsom. who
I now a handsome woman of to, and
who wns the handsomest girl In Salt
lake, and highly duoctc(., sir. 1 res
ident Cleveland is'Uig a near n-wwn,
waa Brlgham' favorite wire, ami
wtfn that he really loved. I saw lu
-t,lav anil I do not see h"W the
.hut I11.fi. hclissl hrvlne her.
HI ntmicroii other wive worked In
the house, aud were married to raise
children and carry out tne Mormon
tbatrlne of polygamy, which they
ei-pled from woiomou. -aiutupiy "
replenish the earth," wa Brlgham
Vjimra imkttiY
Have tlie Mormons given np poly
gamy? you ask. . . . .
I have asked this questloa today of
Brlgham Young. Jr., Blsbop Hiram
Clawson, ei-Omgressman Cannon, and
a ffranriaon of Brlgham. All these
ru.tvopfnl aiKv-oasnrs of tlie Iirophot ay
(Nilygamy I gone. The grandson say
"It I a barwirian n nc or un- ran-
Mormon faith." and Brlgham Jr.. says
p..l,i-koii- lii cloud. We (bill
want it liack any mre than yon want
!vei v lack. We eeudn't bare It
aiivwsv. The iencetabl - ig Mor
moil women won't have It. Som obi
farmer out In the country who (!re
their wives lu callc-i, might kee;i two
wIi-m lo work to the field, but we'l-tO-
do Mormons can't aff. rd to dres two
wives, one acabklu sacque la enough
fii ma
Down at Prwvo I ssw two poor Mor
mon wives on a uti:e ten-acre rami.
They were tmle, haggard, and car
worn. They wore cheap callc die
ami black sunb mue:, and talked a
Cornish dialect.
"Do you get along will ti gether, I
ibait
"Vans, we le very fond of each other.
Indeed I would be very loue-otne with-
mil Iktni-p mil lier mi llm faini '
"And I should grieve to death If
MX should go," said the oilier, ner
eyes all niolst.
"But do you both lore th same
raanr I akcd.
"Pshaw!" said one. stilklrg Uie air
wttli hiT open left band, "don't talk
about love ut here. The itmn we
came nway from Kngland with treats
us fair. We are quite contenbHl
lArA ana me.
Tie. are mnny Instance where old
tanner nave iw. or mree wives
They are taking rare of iheni Thes
women liolied them clocir up their
rami. They cut tbe fage brush and
Mied plot Hie orchards. They art
imrtners of the old farmer, bo't not
wives. Their I'aughters wou d (Me be
fore 1 hey would marry half a bnsbind.
I asked two women at Brlghnm who
used to be wives of a Mm 11101 nnd
sun uveu in tne ratue nouse ir a 11 a
cou'nl love two wlvi a.
"Love two wlvesf they said. "Nik,
with one It might lie love, but with
flisk Altuii It tt-nts lnuf
"How did yoa hap, en t j (m me herer
I asked.
"Well, we wanted a home. We did
nn WlnA l..,a, tl., ,.. .... I., a
.,..., ,,-,. it,,, 01 ita 111 n
lonely' farmhouse are comimny for
,. .mm.-i. m-itj mere IB Hi io e
there la no Jealousy. But If a rch
Mormon should have two wives :n Halt
Lake, with the windows full of liar
per' Haaars and faahlou pateiam'
the store full if aiee and ilk, his
home would be a perpetual hornet
now
So polygamy baa gone out of fushio:i
In I' tali, it Is fare inough to give her
Statehood nw, eveu though Mi rmons
re 111 uie majority,
, ELI PERKINS
Kiches Do Not Briiiff
Content.
Remarkable Admissions
by Millionaires.
Their Happiest Days Were Wh- n
They Were l'uorRk-hes Are
but Vain.
Does wealth bring happiness? This
question ,waa roccirtly put by the
Now York Workl to a number of
ptHimlneiit Amerlwto mllUonaliTs-uien
wlio have known both poverty and
Holies, and, lmvrtiig Ix-en the archi
tects of ithelr owu fortunes, have in a
prantM -way tested tlie matter
fol
themselves. Their answers will
be
found below:
W13ALTH ASACRED TRUST.
1N0 American rich man ever b
ml
ik1i a wonderful career n s Audi
ew
Carnegie, itihe PJititabura Iron
411
d
isteei 'mnnuftveturw. Air. Cju-negie
lias written nnd delivered add.vsnes
on -wealth aaid Ita obligations. 11 ix
reply wa as follows:
"Weailtih can only bring happiness
In the senso rt'limt 4t brings us ginntcr
OHlioi'tUllLtles of iiui.kliiL' ,.rlo.v l,,i,.
Ureait mmltili 4s m aacwl itrust which
Tne possessor ahoukl Jiold nd admin
later to ithe best possible advantage
for the benefit of bis fellow-men.- The
trueat happlneHS, aitdeed tho only, hup-
WEALTH ANDHAITINKSS
pine, la this life worth th st
to a nke atJiet lppy. or t .
( tulf inaUtl, i 1
i lu nuiko theill baiililef AW
otherwhie would lie.
"Wlien w bv eihsitstH jfr
otlnf fto-caUed pbvonr, tliot of
lug tlie bk of Joyful ur.rt
. ...I ri.M -mMinta if ruf ,.'Mf t
.... ,1.- II. l.t .
(MI M low '- f viin-ra fP
perennial,
ci.u vri in which (-ttth.
can produce siu h grtlf)iu-
are numeroi and -lf-evlilcnt. wc
(II ...... I.I. U iHMUMidl k. I-
wiu i-i.w , ' w iwq 1
l..,,u,rv nlntflM tliM llSkwt. miA .
InnlktigiiHi of burning, intutli f
, 1 , -A.m f.Witt Iu.iIIhIh
(vim 1 Ins oilier gissl works, ft t
etifiUM Mm to entertain bis frkr
and amid pbMnirabl tirrn-
lielp tliein to tb enjoyment k
lily Ismr. j
"With hi rb-ba b can perrK
and give to tins-? iie love tu
of this ws hi tlwt 4bir hin t
desire. In this way, mm this
rtily-4n Uie power of tnakliif
happy tlsH M confem-can Wesiik,.
as, ever be bsHilnetm, i
ANDUBW fJAUNBOif
iwiokefkuIkIT SAY NO,
John I, ItoJ'krfwller. the xts.
(Ml magnate, wls wenitli t
tnated at ttpwrl of m,Wptil
plied:
, "WeaWi doe -t bring iiappta
for many reason. ie of ttww
that no uuu thinks blmlf wtf
Ho man can ever le so rk-h that tl
will not ne uilo-r wnblu -r ttasfct
and the kiow ledge of that 1
make blm fw-i puor, no matter l
great bl oesesiiiiiM. ITbSki
then, there k tin such Utlng a wn
Tiuit Is, Ul tra I no such talri. t
wealthy man, )
"Whether a nian 1 rich or
must always be determined by 4
rubtUon of bl deeiwa and npn
turn to bl Income. If a nuio bdk
bliuself rich, and Ims everithia,- j
dil res and fuel Uiat he n-U,
really 1 rich, no matter if he is
only ton dollar. On tbe cobtrtry.l
be I worth ten tnUiion aiwl jn
desire and neetbi wbU-h be I bm'
or think himself uiudile to fWUj
supply, be 1 isr. ? , j
"Yoti know logo aays: j
"Poor and content I rich and i
enough.
But lici flneb-s Is as poor
wiutor
To' lUtu that ever fear lie shall
poor.":
"A mi n'a etponseM nwuidly bear
wvuii re wwh ut w iwiniie, won
he lave f I.ugM) or only $,Vwa C
ii eutly be I no letter off la 1
forn.er ae Utnn In Die latter. !
H'l1.-, la ...wi.a.tlw , Al'
......-,..... ... 1.. j
ewe between what the world ear,
pmr man and a rich one Is well il
tratod in Uie opera of Fatlnita.1
menial ask a gratuity of a Tort,
pn!ia, aaytng: 'I am a oor rasa
iw station.' j
The pmsba, refusing Ids reqa
nits were : 'And I am a inr nsui
high tatliu end that U the only i
ferwM'e btweeN .' j
"Again, money I like atrawhn
and crenin it I Imisieslblc 'or
Usly to have enough, and that I
iiKiy nuike wealth a source of tuttt
i.lin-xs in fkHiie rase. A man mat
money la like tbe little girt hetiij
wish U'e-eet-aiu ty ber aunt,
I'imoh' pbftore.
"Don" yon tliink you have
ctviugli, J-Xbolf ask the aunt.
'I may ttiiuk mo, auuUe, but I
feel so.'
A most mn grow richer U
ambition, tastes and desire ritf
largely, even to an extent wholly
protsititkMiwte to their acgiilnitic
and many men have felt much pot
wluu Usy bad accumulated a fort;
of live mililoa dollar than they j
when they bad but one million. I
the mason tliiht tbeir idea bad so 1
larged that they de4ret to Uve
och magnificence or to carry j
sirh gr.t scheme of business 1
ten-else or philanthropy as tbe Its'
from ten million dollars could not i
sllily contsiKS. 1
, i'tit these reasons, as well a j
miuiy other I might name, aealttt
luore likely to Im lug untuippiness ft
luipillie.-J..hn D. KKkefelIer."
r.t'LLMAN HArniiit when vd
tieorge M. rulliuan, the palace j
king, write tbe following reoiarkf
reiity: J
''WealUi 1 purely a relative t
Before Uk queHtkm. 'Does wet"
bring h:inim4.sr can be answer
we must ascertain what we
mcmis. W'hiHi the will of Uie It
William H. Vttiul.-rbllt. dlstrlbut
ow J-iiO.WW.ww, waa made pub,
It caused many worthy people m
had previously tlionght tliemseb
very woulUiy to fed tempornrlly tl
Uiey wtre litjtb lMrter than paX
Vitudorbllt nseil ,to nay Uiat flu.ot
a was a fair competency. I
tlntught Uie liuNOme from that atuot
alxKit as much as a ma a cO
sM'ml, and anytblug beyond It i
mere aiirjiluKage. lAcicordlng to t
YaislerblU'a standard a man Is j
wealthy utiles he la worth utoreti
to.HKMHlO. Let us for Uie sake1
eonveult-nce adopt Uiat criterlon.
"Now, If ft man luia a wwitpeW
of $HH,rtKMH. and it income is
ht can sHuid, bow can any addltid
.tni'imifc necessary to make I
wealthy be of any advantage? I;
s a mere surplusage wluoh be ca
ifsuMl. mill with Wie care of which
tnivst be burdened wiUmut any
wpoisllng return of extra comfort
pleaMire, bow can wealth bring
pllless?
"If my own part, I can only
tbU I nm not one lota happier
ihtiu 1 was in tle davs w!kh I
tot a dollar that I could call my o'
ve tluut for which I worked -ft
hum y mora to dewey eve. Now t
.ity cttvumstaiicea have impnave
iviin only wear one suit of clothe
lies a(
er 4
dally
ly uui
tsihilti
at
ben t(
y mil
a blrl
time, and that suit Is no butter
he one I wore 1 Uen.
"I ate three square meals dally
that time, and cannot eat anv nn
now. Then I bad no resiionsiliilK
and no cares. I bad only to lie at
lHjst and do my duty, and when fl;
hours of work were over my mil
and body were free as those of a bin
I could go to sleep aa soon as n? hei
nsui as ny hei
d slwp soundl
9 weight of vai
care constant
touched the pillow and sleep soun
tin morning.
"Now Unit I have tbe
interests ami business .
ly resting upon nie, both In and oil
ol working hours, I do not sleep
well as then. All thlugs considered, j
Is'lievo 1 was quite as happy, If no(
much happier, when I was noon
Therefore, with nil the great advanj
tagea and privileges which wealtt
confers, I do uot believe that It bring;
happiness. George M. Pullman."
A DETECTIVE KILLED. ,
LOS ANGELES, June la-Dctecf
Uve A. B. Lawsou was shot and klHet
In his otllce on new Hk-h atr,Ht dIkiui
t o'tiwk this afternoon by S. B. Ke
nett, his former partner. The dee
Wllfl done EO Ullleklv ilm fevw rf
aware of the tragedy outside of thof
In tlie building with La ween uj
after Kcnnett had been lodged lu vis
ivninty Jail. KeuneU has had troul
with LawBou for some time over bust
nous nmtiters nud they were at swonW
p-.uws. iventiert says tlittt man'
times he has essayed to get an intef
V'.CW Ollt of I.flwsoli In rntn inucS
i.ss.a settlement, lie was determln
lo get a settlement today. He wet
Into tawsmi'a otllce and took a set
opimslte tlie table at which Lawsc
was Sitting. All of sndden ljiwtfl
oxclaliiKHl: "You , what i
you want up here?" Kenuett said th
i.awfum made a pass at him, a?
thinking ho had the dmn on Idm. I
pulled out a revolver ond began she
tug. tie urea tnree times. Laws
died almost Immediately. )