; r
THE PROPER CARE
OF FRUIT TREES
BIRTH RATE
(By Charles Meierve.)
To handle a modern orchard l a
problem ai difficult at to handle o
modern warship. The modern fruit
tree la aa highly and delicately bred
aa la the modern dairy cow or fluo
horse, and to make I', profitable
taken the same thorough, Intelligent
care that the dairyman or the homo
man glvea to hit cow or horse. And
aa Is the finely bred cow or horse.
And as Is the finely bred cow or
horse, the finely bred fruit tree Is
far more subject to disease and the
ravagea of pests than was the hardy
coarsely bred tree that grew In the
orchards of ouj forefathers.
This lack of Vigor and resistant
power of the modern fruit tree Is
the sequence that comes In secur
ing the quality of fruit that the mar
ket today demanda and the produc
tiveness that the modern fruit-grower
requires of his orchard. When
man disturbs the balance of nature
to secure finer quality or greater
productlvenesa in an animal or a
tree the penalty Is a loss of vigor
and disease-resistant power.
WMIe the modern archardist has
been so breeding his treea that they
readily fall a victim to any pest that
may attack them, he has been mak
ing a further unbalancing of nature's
arrangements and haa made condi
tions exceedingly favorable for the
development of a multitude of pests,
both animal and vegetable, that seek
to destroy hla trees and the fruit
they bear. The experts of the de
partment of agriculture and of the
various agricultural colleges have
Identified over 1100 pests that are
found in the orcharda, gardena and
fields of the United States. And to
make thla problem all the more se
rious to the farmer, thla number of
klnda of pests la Increasing each
year, four new pests having been
Identified the past year.
An Instance of the development of
a pest Is that of the pear thrlpa.
Prior to ten years ago the thrlps
was known as a harmless Insect
found on fruit trees, roses and other
shrubs. Then for some cause un
known to entomologists a species
found In California began to feed
upon fruit buda, especially the pear.
So aerlous Is Its ravagea that It Is
rapidly becoming one ot the most
dangeroua pests that California or
chardists have to contend with.
And thla pest has atarted out on
campaign of conquest, as did the
San Jose scale that atarted at San
Jose, Cal., and has In but a few years
reached every state In the Union. No
thrlpa haa so far been found In tbe
Rogue River valley, but las spring
Professor O'Oara found many In an
orchard near Salem, where It evi
dently had been Imported from Cal
ifornia. The pear hl'ght has been
In existence ni loast as peer iree
have grown, but It Is only a little
oer 100 years ago that the blight
began Its ravages upon pear trees.
It began its destruction In Connec
ticut and from there It has spread
until It Is now found In every sec
tion of the United States, Canada
and Mexico.
That the fruitgrowers ot Rogue
River valley may be able to identify
the most serious of the 1100 pests
that threaten destruction to their or
chards and that are most likely to
soon appear here, the Rogue River
Horticultural society has arranged
with Professor P. J. O'Gara, from
the department of agriculture at
'Washington, D. C, to give a lecture
In Medford, on Snturdny. December
12, on fruit pests. In his descrip
tion of pests. Professor O'Gara will
how by means of stereoptlcon views
about 150 ot them, the elides for the
lantern having been sent to him
from the department this past week
for the purpose.
Tht lecture will begin promptly
at 1'30 p. m., as Professor O'Gara
hn to lenve on the 3:20 trnln for
Cn"fornla, where he goes to Join a
fe.rmets' lnstltiito train that will
Plows,
Harrows,
SprinsliTooth Harrows,
Orchard Discs,
Vehicles of all Kinds,
Harness, Lap Robes, Etc.
Call and see us
P. T. Lawton
Msdford,
L
traverse a part ot that state during
the lattor part ot thla month.
Fruitgrowers who propose to make
their orcharda pay tht big dividends
that are certain where the trees and
fruit are protected from the pests,
will be quite certain to attend ths
meeting and gain tbe valuable In
formation that Professor O'Gara will
lve In bis address.
Alleged fruit-growers who declare
that they have no time to attend
ucn meetings and have no knowl
edge of the pests, and consequently
no tear ot them, will not attend, but
they will think differently later on!"1"1 aDDle " " gfneral
when the receipts from their orch
Bir urcii- i
profit Is !
ards are so small that no
left after the expenses are paid.
HPLENItID MEETING.
Fruit Growers' Convention at Port
Land. PORTLAND, Or., Dec. 4. The af
ternoon session ot the Northwest
fruitgrowers' association yesterday
was devoted to a paper on "Pear
Blight and Its Control on the Pacific
Coast," read by P. J. O'Gara. Mr.
O'Gara la assistant pathologist of the
department of agriculture, and has
made an exhaustive study of the
subject of blight and Its causes. His
paper dealt with every phase ot the
subject and bis Investigations were
followed with close attention by the
assembled fruitgrowers.
Mr. O'Gara said that the disease
originates with wild crabapple and
hawthorn trees. It Injures these
trees, however, to a very much less
extent than the more sappy and vig
orous growth of the pear, apple,
quince and other fruits of that fam
ily. Though It was known as early
as 1792, It was not until 1878 that
Professor T. J. Burrlll, of the Uni
versity of Illinois, discovered the
true nature of the disease and nam
ed the organism which causes It. The
external appearance of the Infection
was described minutely and the fac
tors governing It dealt with at
length. In presenting methods of
control and eradication, Mr. O'Gara
said that such methods should be
divided Into two classes primary
and secondary, the primary method
consisting of cutting out thoroughly
the hold-over blight In the fall and
winter. Secondary methods consist-j
ed In spraying, summer cutting and
removal of water sprouts and low
fruit spurs.
"Tbe Importance of the pear blight
problem to the horticultural Inter
ests of the Pacific coast states." said
Oregon.
WE WANT YOUR BUSINESS
We can and WILL give you the
stock and service that will please
BIG PINES LUMBER COMPANY
SUCCESSOR TO CRATER LAKE LUMBER CO.
Mr. O'Gara, "emphasises clearly the
value of the plant pathological work.
What each state needs Is strong In
stitutions, both scientific and prac
tical, for handling such a difficult
problem. Not only do we need the
careful and constant work of our
state pathologist, but we need In
spectors and commissioners who will
see to It that the horticultural stat
utes are rigidly enforced. If a grow
er chooses to lose his crop by scab
or some fungus trouble, readily con
trolled by simple methods, It Is his
own lookout, .but where his pears
infection from near blight. It be-
c0me8 a matter for tbe Inspector and
j commissioner.'
ENDKl) AT LAST.
Mnrquam Case at Portland Finally
Settled.
PORTLAND, Or.. Dec. 3. After a
fight lasting' ten years, the famous
"Marquam suit" was settled out of
court today by Judge P. A. Mar
quam releasing whatever interest he
pretends to have In the Marquam
Grand theater property In thla city
for a consideration ot "something
less than $100,000. The property
Involved is valued at about $1,500,
000. During the hard times of the nine
ties Marquam secured $300,000 from
the mortgage to an eastern corpora
tion, giving a mortgage on the prop
erty and a trust deed to the Title
Guarantee & Trust company. In
1S99 the Title company, having
failed to keep up the taxes on the
property, the mortgage company be
came dissatisfied and ordered the ti
tle company, which was acting aa Ita
agent, aa well as the Marquam trus
tee, to have the mortgage foreclosed.
J. Thorburn Itoss, secretary of the
title company, got himself appointed
attorney for the mortgage company.
Ross was released from the case,
however, before the suit wa sactu
ally commenced. The mortgage was
foreclosed. Hoss. under an agree
ment, kept the secret from Mar-.east, s-uuu.
nimm l.trt the nrotiertv In for the! Harriet L. Wilkinson
mortgage company as "trustee," and
the title company was discharged
from Its trust.
The title company, on the plea
that It had advanced sums to Mar-
qunm In connection with the trust,
had been allowed to Intervene and la
ter redeemed the property from
Itoss. Ross then organized the "Or
egonlnn company," In which he and
the other offlcera ot the title com
pany held stock and took over the
title to the Mnrquam property.
Marquam, about the time the title
company redeemed the property,
seems to have thought that the title
'company and Ross, aa "trustee," for
I him, "agent" for the mortgage com
i pany, and "owner" of the property
I was carrying rather too great a bur
Ideit. He begnn action to have the
case reopened and be allowed to re
deem. After the first temporary vic
tory In the state circuit court he met
with nothing but rebuffs. Three
times his contention was turned
down by the supreme court and twice
by the circuit court. Tho court re
peatedly held that the trusteeship
ended with the foreclosure.
A year ago the Title bank failed,
nnd out of the six weeks' scandal
that followed Ross was convicted of
converting to his own use hundreds
of thousanda of dollars of state
funds which had been entrusted to
his rare, while the other officials of
the bank were awaiting trials on slm
liar rhargea. Marquam took advan
tage ot the bank'a failure and dis
closures and made them a basia for
another ault to reopen the case.
Former United Statea Senator
Chandler says that "the start will
be our future abode." But that will
be all right. Living won't be higher
there than it la In thla tough, beef-trust-ridden
old world. Exchange.
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.
Many Small Sales la Record ot Last
Week.
Lizzie Llndsley to Martha B.
Thornbrew, 40 acres In township 35
south, range 2 west; $500.
Thomaa Keallher to E. T. Erlck-
son, 10 Vi acres in townsnip at
south, range 2 west; $525.
D. P. Provost to J. P. Crawford,
lots 8, 9, block 46, Summit addition,
Ashland; $3250.
Louise Gleason to J. L. Helms,
land in block 4, Barr'a addition,
Medford; $1260.
H. P. Lawrents to Bert Anderson,
4 acres In township 37 south, range
2 west; $1.
Charlea Carney to Oregon Granite
company, 40 acres In township 37
south, range 2 west; $1.
A. V. Carlson to G. R. Llndley, 6
acres In township 37 south, range 2
west; $400.
G. R. Llndley to A. V. Carlson,
bond for deed to 5 acres In township
37 south, range 2 west; $400.
D. W. Day to Emma Gagnon, lot
12, block 74. Medford; $525.
Ella B. Mills to D. B. Provost, lots
8, 9, block 46, Summit addition, Ash
land; $1200.
Martha E. Rapp to Louis Lager,
2 5-6 acres in township 38 south,
range 1 west; $1600.
Elmer E. Bagley to G. W. Wilcox,
20 acres In township 36 south, range
4 west; $1352.80.
W. L. Edmondson to Elmer B.
Boardman, 160 acres, more or less,
In township 35 south, range 3 east;
$300.
Elmer B. Boardman to J. M. Aline,
160 acres In township 36 south,
range 3 east; $400.
Viola Simmons to C. F. Dunford.
280 acres, more or less, In township
38 south, range 2 west; $6000.
T. J. Kinney, administrator, to F.
Ennls, part of lot 8, block 7, Jack
sonville; $450.
Rowe G. Gale to E. Woodbury,
land In township 34 south, range 1
to Tresia
Wilkinson, deed ot gift to land in
Ashland near land deeded by E. D
Brlggs to Nellie G. Ewan.
I. B. Williams to Dick Besse, title
bond for land In township 35 south,
range 1 east; $750.
A. A. McKarland to George Young.
11.40 ncrea In township 39 south,
range 1 east; $1250.
George Young to G. W. Stevens,
11.40 acres In township 38 south,
range 1 east; $1000.
G. W. Ulalock to G. H. Pease, land
In township 33 south, range 4 west;
$400.
R. H. Whitehead to T. E. Pottin
ger, 160 acres In township 38 south,
range 4 west; $6000.
Victoria S. Clair and E. C. Mickel
son to E. C. Card, lot 1, block 20,
Cbltwood addition, Ashland: $10.
I. L. Wise to Mary Melble et al.,
land In block 22, Chltwood tract,
Ashland; $3000.
Mary Melkle to E. C. Gard, land
In block 22, Chltwood tract, Ash
land; $10.
E. C. Gard to Ashland Mineral
Springs Sanitarium, land In Chlt
wood tract, Ashland; $10.
C. H. Chapman to Gold Ray Realty
company, land In township 36 south,
range 2 west; agreement.
Louis Lager to Jackson county,
land In township 38 south, range 1
west: $1.
Eva Hockenyot et al. to Elizabeth
Breese, 40 acrea In township 38
sonth, range 1 west; $800.
Elizabeth Lawrenti to Elizabeth
Breese. land In township 38 south,
range 1 west; $350.
Penelope Henrietta Johnston to J.
A. Lyon, lot 6, block 1, Palm'a ad
dition, Medford; $150.
Roselma A. Morrison to 0. N.
Flsk, land In block , Park addition,
Medford; $10.
Lou It Lager to B. B. Foss, 10
acres In township 38 south, range
1 west; $2500.
G. Rita to Z. W. Morrison, assign
ment ot bond for deed for 21 acrea
In township 38 south, range 2 west;
$1.
Lula B. Mlnear to Z. W. Morrison,
title bond for 21 acres In township
38 south, range 2 west; $3250.
GLOBE TROTTER HERE.
'Colonial Juck" Tramping
Around World.
Way
"Colonial Jack," who la making
his way around the borders of the
United Statea on toot, pushing a ve
hicle which he calls a "Sphinx,"
which looks like a cross between a
wheelbarrow and a bicycle, was In
Medford yesterday morning on hla
way south. He haa already accom
plished 4243 miles of the 9000 he Is
to travel to get back to his starting
point at Portland. Me. He haa been
162 days on the road and la now 600
mllea ahead ot his schedule.
In order to make the trip In the
required time of 400 days he must
average 22V4 miles a day, and so
far he has made over 26. Hla big
gest day's walk was 44 miles, and
he has reached the 40-mile mark
five times.
When here he was suffering from
the effects of a tall through a cattle-guard,
hut expects to be all right
again after a day's rest today.
MAY CO-OPF.RATE.
States May Unite on Wild Animals
Bounty.
Seeking co-operation between the
states of Oregon and Idaho In the
matter of a bounty for predatory an
imals, G. E. Noble, state veterinar
ian of Idaho, has written Dr. S. W.
McClure. head of the bureau of ani
mal industry In the northwest,
through whom he hopes to Interest
the leading stockmen of this state In
the plan.
According to Mr. Noble, Idaho
pa'8 a bounty of $1.50 for the two
front feet of coyotes, cats and lynx,
$5 on timber wolves and $15 on
mountain lion, cougar, panther, etc
According to Dr. Noble, the pro
fessional trappers In the state would
rather furnish the two front feet
than the scalp, as the removal of
the scalp depreciates the value of
the hide from 10 to 20 cents each.
The authorities of that state hope
that Washington and Oregon will
GO SOUTH!
Get a taste of the delightfully mild climate known only to Southern California. There
you will find an abundance of sunshine, bright blue skies, a clear, bracing atmosphere,
congenial associations and invigorating healthful recreations too numerous to mention.
Resorts are there, some with world-wide reputations as Los Angeles, Paso Robles, Hot
Springs, Long Beach, Santa Barbara, Hotel del Monte, Santa Cruz, San Diego, Santa Monica,
Venice, and commodious, delightful stopping places of lesser renown. AH maintaining
the California standard tor hospitality, and faultless accomodations.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC CO.
Will be glad to supply tome very attractive I Iterature, describing In detail the many de
lights of winter In California.
Very low rate round trip excursion tickets are on sale to California.
The Bate from Portland to Los Angeles and return $55.
Limit, tlx months, allowing stop-avers In tltker direction. Slmlllar excursion rates are
In effect to all California points.
For full Information, sleeping ear reservation t sad tickets, call on telegraph or writ either
C. W. Btrlncer, C. I. A Third sad Washington St or Win JtcMurray, Oes. Pass, Agt,
Portland, Or.
pay bounty on feet also to prevent
dishonest trappera from collecting
bounty on the feet In that state and
the scalp In the others.
According to Mr. Noble, Montana
paya a liberal bounty on the acalp,
Utah pays nothing, and Nevada pays
50 cents on the ears.
CURSORY COMMENTS.
Good roads will help the country
more than cabinet-making.
Now, It your old friend. Dollar
BUI, only responds to that holiday
feeling!
It Is hoped that the bear which
gave Mr. Bryan such a close call was
not a Teddy bear.
The country will have faith
enough In Prosperity to hang up Its
Christmas stocking.
And here la the holiday atrap
hanger again, but not half aa strap
ped aa ho will be later.
A scientist says the garter causes
dropsy. Science still Interfering with
things that are above It.
It's Just as you look at It: The
holiday shoppers think they are hav
ing the time ot their lives.
Before posing for another picture
the kaiser should ask Germany to
see If his hat Is on straight.
Mr. Bryan will not Include his re
cent wrestling match with the Mexi
can bear In "The Mystery of 1908."
".o cnildren in 150 years," says
science, but glory be! we'll have
a few to reckon with next Christ
mas.
Perhaps the reason Mr. Taft
"spends Sunday quietly" Is that the
offlcefseekers go to church to pray
that his eyes may be opened to
them.
The wrltltng of one little poem
saved William L. Brasch from death
in the electric chair; but don't let
that Inspire you. Perhaps you case
la not so desperate.
A western prizefighter was killed
In a football game. This is a warn
ing to prizefighters to stick to the
harmless profession for which they
have qualified.
ITHACA, N. Y., Dec. 5. "During
the period from 1860 to 1900 the
proportion of children to 100,0 wo
men of child-bearing age decreased
In tbe United Statea by 152, or an
average ot about 30 In each decade.
It we assume that the change will
continue unchecked for a century
and a halt In the direction In which
it haa been during tne last 40 years
there will be no children left."
This startling atatement came out
In the lecture on birth and birth
rate delivered by Professor Walter
F. Wilcox In the course of sanita
tion In Goodwin hospital.
'It Is one of the main dutlea of
statistics to point out the whirl
pools In the stream along which so
ciety Is going," aald Professor Wil
cox, "before the current becomes Ir
resistible, and thua to arouse a de
sire to change the course.
"The true reason for the fall In
the birth rate la that In modern
times, mainly within the last halt
century, births and the birth rate
have come under the contral of hu
man will and choice In a sens and
to a degree never before true.
"Our leading American authority.
Dr. John Shaw Billings, put It as
follows:
" 'The most Important factor In
the past In the change Is the delib
erate and voluntary avoidance or
prevention on the part of a steadily
Increasing number ot married people
who prefer to have but few children.
Before thla change began the birth
of a child In the vast majority of
cases was not an Indication of a de
liberate preference for that result on
the part of either of the parents.'
"There Is not a single one among
the experts who denies that this is
the great underlying cauae of tbe
modern decline In the birth rate ot
all civilized communities."
Professor Wilcox also gave statis
tics to show that marriage Is less
common among college graduates of
both sexes than It la In the average
of the entire population.
The figures regarding the birth
rate among college graduates show
that the highly educated part of the
American people not only does not
Increase the population at all, but on
the contrary, tails to reproduce It
self. Another payment ot $35,000 was
made on the Bybee tract purchase
this week by Honore Palmer and hla
associates of Chicago.
Judge F. M. Stewart haa moved
hla office from the opera house block
tn room 6 In the Stewart block.
Alfred Flynn returned from
Grants Pass a couple of daya ago
and will engage with hla brother,
Tom Flynn, In the electrical business.
Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Heard have
leased the J. W. Cox residence on
South Central avenue, where they
will reside during Mr. and Mrs. Cox'
absence In Southern California. Mon
day evening Miss Gladys entertained
with five hundred. Miss Bess Kent
ner winning first honors. A delight
ful lunch was served at midnight.
Er and Mrs. J. H. Wood ot Berke
ley. Cal., who have been spending the
week with Medford friends, left for
Seattle Thursday.
Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Olwell, R. Row
ley and H. C. Lewis will leave today
to attend a meeting of the Fruitgrow
ers' association at Spokane.
W. H. Holmes an dfamily will
spend today with relatives and
friends at Eagle Point.
I. L. Bradshaw shipped a carload
of Spltzenberg apples to Los Angeles
yesterday.
Probably Steamboat Collision.
HALIFAX, N. S., Dec. 5. It Is
now thought the steamer Soo City
was probably sunk In a collision. Life
belts bearing the name of the steam
er Stanley were found among the
Soo City wreckage, according to dis
patches received here.
Make arrangements
to visit California
this winter