KTtfE MAIL .sxhET ; VT WPTir ' V ' iflMt fl r THE MAIL "the . j OFFICIAL pER I 111 ff T 3 fulfil i OFFICIAL pAPER j bflFIEDFOBILj ' 4J JV ' JW 11 , IJ'IIJJJ " K.-JACKSON COUNTY J VOL. VL" MEDFORD, JACKSON COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, MARCH 23, 1891. NO. 12. SOCIETIES OF MEDFORD. Knights of the XIaccooees. Triumph Tent ro. 14, meets In -regular review on me za ana 4th Thursdays of each month in A. O.U.W. Iall at 7 :30 p. m. Visiting Sir Knights cordial ly inviiea xo aiiena. Luther G. Porter, Commander. J. West L'awton, R. Kl A. O. TJ. W. Lodge No. 9S. meets every first ana tmra Wednesday in -the montn at p. m. in their hall in the opera block. Visiting rjrotners invited to attend. N. A. JACOBS, M.W. ,-6ko. F. MerrimAx, Recorder. W". R.- C Chester A. Arthur Corps No. 24, Sleets second and fourth Friday of each month at 2 o'clock p. m., at S. A. K. hall, in uaa a e tows Dui:amg. Mrs. Mart F, Davis. Pres. Miss Ida Kehdek. Sec. K. of P. Talisman lodge No. 31, meets M in--day evening at S p. m. -Visiting brothers- al ' ways welcome. Geo. F. Merkisiak, C. C. J. a. Mcleod, K. of R. and S. I. O. O. F. Lodce No. S3, meets in I. O. O. F. all erery Saturday at at 8 p.m. Visiting rothers always welcome. . W. F. Shawver, N. G. . A. Merriman, Rec. Sec 1. 0. 0. F. Rogue Ewer Encampment, Ledge No. 30, meets in I. O. O. F. hail the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month at 8 p. m. T. W. Johsso. C. P. A. C. Nicholson. Scribe. Olive Rebefcah Lodge No. SS. meets in I. O. O. F. hall tirst and third Tuesdays of each month. Visiting sisters invited to attend. Mrs. Cora Lyon, N. G. Miss. Dblla Pickeu Rec. Sec A. F. A. M. Meets first Friday on or be fore full moon at 8 p. m., in A. O. U. V. hall. E. P. Geary, W. M. W. V. LrppisooTT, See. Sec. (i. A. R. Chester A. Arthur Post No. 47, jneets in G. A. R. hall every second and fourth Tuesdays in each month at 7:St) p. m. S. H. HOLT, Com. J. W. MnxEB, Adjt. I. O. G T. Meets Tuesday night at 7 p. m. at A. O. U. W hall. E. A. JOHSSOX, C, T. J. C. Elder. Rec, Sec V. C. T. U. Meets Wednesdays of each week at the Chris tain church. Mrs. Rose DeGboot. Pres. 3Irs. L. L- Angle, See. Young Peoule's Reading Circle Tuesday even lug of each week, under the auspices of the Ep worth League. F. A. & I. U. L. L. Polk lodge So. 265, meets tvery Saturday at S p. m. J. H. Surra, Pres. CHURCHES OF MEDFORD. Saint Marks Episcopal Sunday School meets at Episcopal Church every Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. T. N. Wilson, Rector; S- S. Pentz, Superintendent. jlethodist Episcopal Church K. S. Craven, pastor. Services every Sunday morning and evening at usual hours for church services. Epworth Leaeue meets at 6:30 p. m . Sunday. Sunday school at 10 a. m. Prayer meeting Thursday evening. Pastor's residence on C street, one block South of Mail office. Pres yterian Church Rev. A. S. Foster, pas tor. P eaching at il a. m. and 7:S0 p. m. Sun day sc ool at 10 a. m. Y. P. S. C,K., 6:15 p. m. Junior Endeavor Society at 3 p. m.. Sunday. Prayer meeting on Wednesday evening at 7 s'ciock Baptist Church T. H. Stephens, pastor. Preachiog at 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Prayer meeting every "Wednesday even lug. Sunday school at 10 a, m Methodist Episcopal Church South Rev. w. J. Fenton pastor. Services every first and ourth Sundays of each month. Sunday chool every Sunday at 3. -JO p. m. PROFESSIONAL. CARDS. E. KIRCHGESSNER, PHYSICIAS AND SDRGEOK, Medford, Oiegon. OflSce Residence, Corner C and JTinth Streets. JTRANCI3 FITCH, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Medford, Ore. Win practice In all courts of state or C S WM. I. VAWTER, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Office Bani Building. Medford, Or Jm H. WHITMAN, ABSTRACTOR AND ATTORNEY AT LAW. GiF.cc: in bank buildinsr, 3tedford, Or Have the most complete and reliable abstracts of title in Jackson county. "yEBSTER & HAMMOND, - Lionel B. Webster. Austin S. Hammond ATTORN EY3 AT LAW, Office 1. 0. O. F. building, Medford, Or JjJ. B. PICKEL, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Medford, Or Office: Rooms 2 and 3 1. 0. O building. J. B. WAIT, - PHYSICIAN AKD SURGEON, Office in ChUdtrs' Block, Medford, Or J). P. GEARY, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, OIfic Cor. C and Seventh sts.. Medford, Or J)R. O. R DEMOREST, RESIDENT DENTIST, t Makes a specialty of first-class work at reason able rates. Olflce in Opera Honse, Medford, Or. J)R. J. V. ODGERS, DENTIST. Has permanently located in Medford for the practice of dentistry. From a continued prac tice of over 14 years. I am prepared to guaran te entire satisfaction. . Crivc me a call. Over 8 lovers drug stpre. DANIEL COFER, iififiimii LATC OF SACRAMENTO. JiilM.' BUM- Contractiii a Snecialtj. Plans and Specifications Furnished at reasonable rates. I have 200 new denignes of Cottage homes those wishing to build would do well te ex amin them. Postoffcc Box, 7p. MEDFORD OREGON. FRAZE GREASE BEST IJT THE TTOKID. 3lawailosqnaliti(arelnsurrjaaeed, actually ratlasticar tvo boxes of Earrtfcer brand. KoS jtlloctiKl by baa. UTdXTB lUEiiU L U FOSAiE BY DEALERS GENERALLY. 3 Iff Hardware: Nails, Locks, Blocks, -Saws, Files, Hammers, Stoves: Heaters Plain or Fancy, "Famous Bridge Beach" make. Tinware: Wash Boilers. Pails. Pans, Coffee Boilers, Miners' Supplies:- Powder, Fuse. Picks, Steel Shovels, Pans. Cutlery: I. X. L.and O. V. Carvincr ami TnHs Ammunition: "Xew Club" Shot Shells, Powder, Shot, Wads, Rifle and Pistol Cartridges. Paints: Lead, Oils, Varnishes, "Sherwin Williams' Plows and Harrows: Black Land. Canton Clipper, c Oliver Chilled and Steel. ALL QUESTIONS OF METAL can be readily and cheaply solved by doing business with us, J. BEEK Corner C and Seventh Streets. - JOHN MORRIS. il Had) New Owl, New GROCERIES, CROCKERY, GLASSWARE AND WOODENWARE. CHCKENS, BUTTER and EGGS WANTED CASH or TRADE in EXCHANGE Mr Legate will 1 pleased to wait MORRIS & Free Delivery. - ooocoo ooococo: 7L Gargets, Paper, eortains, a Bsfrlgarators, 5s, Plcforos. tiitiitiitfiiiitin I. A, WEBB, jitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiifiiiiiiiiiiiniiititiiitnntiiitiuitL JNDERTAKING ifiiiiiiitiitiiitiiiitiiitiiiiitiiitiiiMiiittiiiiiiiiir FLiOUH, FEED AND vr- . - - BALED HAY In Small or Large Quantities to Suit Customers. . STROBR30CE BROS., Props., O Street, - - - - jtfedford, O regon, Prescriptions Carefully - - Compounded. Main Street Medford Oregon. J. W. Lawton, o DEALER IN- ARNESS AND gADDLERY. Order Work Given Special. Attention. REPAIRING IS RIGHT IN MY LINE. SEVENTH STREET, W. I. VAWTER, Pres Wm. SLINGER, Vice Pres. Jaekson County Bank. CAPITAL, 550,000 and transact a general banking business on th most favorable terms. r ti : oi: . .. i SJGQ XUU1 UUUCM v9U41L.ll.CU. Coirespondtnts: Ladd & Bush. Salem. Anglo-California Bank, San Francisco. Ladd Sc Tilton, Portland. Corbin Banking Co., N. Y GUNS GUNS GUNS B. -Pocket, Suta P,.;ta GUNS & SON, - "- - . M.vlfnr.1. rw. Sroceiy V P. H. LEGATE. Man, New Prices. Gi?e ns your Dollar and sec WM yon get in Exchange. We Defy Competition and Gcflds. en Tost PATRON Is SOLICITED. upon you as lie did at the anvil. LEGATE, Medfokd, Obegon jnttniMiiiiimMiimimiiiuiitmiiitittMHtiitHii. FURNITURE! iittiiitiiittiiiifiitttiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiitiitui titmr MEDFORD.i!!!!!"' Picture FraminK Specially.. 2 PROVISION TORE. THE MORTAR DfUO STOfE, O. II. IIASKIXS, I'rop'r. H. THI1 in TMC UNC Or Pure U.ugs, Patent Medicines, Books, Stationery, PlIIs TS and OILS, Tohaccoes. Clears, Perftimery, Toilet Arllclos and Everything tlmt is carried In a firm class DRCG STORE. MEDFORD, OREGON. J. E. ENYART, Casino? ftfledford, Oregon HAMILTON & PALM, the lending real estate agents of Medford, are still slicing off the Earth in (Ms to suit their customers. -A 1 bottom land for $30 per acre. Good . IMPROVED FARMS for from $15 to $25 pur acre. Wo hare a lino list of furm nnd City Property at your own price and on your own terms. Write to us for in formation, HAMILTON & PALM. HD FEED STORE. At the old stand on Seventh Street. FLOTJR, WHEAT, o OATS AND BARLEY, Whole or chopped, Corn, Potatoes and Beans, ALSO BALED HAT FCB. SALE. Cash paid tor Eggs, oen In exchange. J. R. ERFORD, Proprietor. Medford, Oregon. & CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS. We lire prepared to jrlre ctiiatcs on any building from a wootUlund to Mute cxipiiol. All work in our line gurraatccd first clis in erery respect. Kedforrt, ... Oropon. Your Best Girl paicti into our -window ycstr Uay Sot twtn;y minuter. Engagement Rings, but wonMn'l hnvc you know It for hv worM. Thv ria-s are certainly lovely, but wo cannot tis thi-Ki all. We sclectetl ours years ajro. Have You. .. - .. .. circled yours P3ITCMR0, THE JtWtLtR. GI-X). F. MERlilMAX, SLlGISjillTEilG, lttllrrttIIIilii:tittl!lllllllltitlttltltiitiifiitT i HORSE SHOEING AND ! liisSjifliiis. Seventh Street, Medford. (irefou. I HAVE FOUND -3 i PGGET! That N, I har rrcrivr! rim from Krtitr & Ct:auitcrji. f i Chi ago. n X MlfflT V.'JIoh will prcrc cf mon vnlu than thr f'.ntlinc of srt-cral nujri to !: tending pun-liacxrt. t'.vt prices ftm C. F. LCW1S, Mechanlcul Knglnccr and Ma chinist. Mclfird Orcjjon. OYSTERS. CANDIES, ' NUTS OF ALL KINDS, Cigars and ToBaoooss AT - M0UXCE & CHERMERH0KX, Medford, - - - Oregon. EAST AND SOUTH BY THE . The Shasta Route OF THE SUOTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY. EXPRESS TRAINS LEAVE PORTLAND DAILY. . Smitli ! ( North Mr p. m I Lv. Portlnnil Ar. I Winn 9:ISp. m j Lv. Melfonl l.v I 5rtV p. m Iftlo mi! J Ar. Hun Hrnnt-Uoo Lv. 7X) j. m Above train ston tII slnllons from Port land to Albany in-lu-lvc. Also Tmij;r"t, " Shedds, HaUtry, Hnrrisburir. Jttiiotlon Clly. ' iTVlntr. KuifiMie Hnl nt all sintioiiii frum Uost . bur to AMiltutd inclusive. KOSIillURQ MAIL DAILY. ! 8:.T0 a. in I Lv S:.-iO )i. m j Lv Portland Kost'bnrg Ar I p. Ill Lv 7:00 n. in Dining Cars on Ogden Route. Pullman BuflMt Hleepers nnd Second C'Iuks Sluciiliig CurMUt cached to all through train Between Portland nnd Cqrvallis: WEST siok DIVISION. Mall Irulnii dully, exx-eptwimduy :.T0 n. in Lv l'ortlnnd Ar I i::f p, ni ll!:ir p in Ar Corvnllls Lv 1:U0 p. in At Aluuny nnd CorvnlllK connwl with trains oi'ori'Kon l"iiclfic nillrond. IJxprpssi TnihiK dully, except. Miindnv: :I0 p. in I Lv Portland Ar .' n-.iux. ni T;26p. m Ar McMlnnvillo Lv 5:50a. m S"Tliroui;h tickets to all points In the Ka-sturn states. Cannita and Kurono can he ob- Ininrd at lowest mtua from W. V. Llppiucott, ; niecni. nicoiora. r R. KOKHI.KK ' E. P. ROGERS, - Manager. Asst. U. K. & P Agt PORTUWf OREGON, SnawYBr Nicholson MID-WINTER FAIR. Some of Its Attractive Featnres Tlie Principal Building of the Fair Illustrated. The Dimensions and Uses of These Mammoth Structures How to Beach the Fair. Six short months ago, Hon. M. II. de Youngs, California's representa tive on the national Commission of the World's Columbian Exposition, conceived the idea of getting up an inter-national exposition by the side of the Golden Gate. Today there stands in Golden Gate Park the AGRICULTURAL AND most beautiful group of industrial palaces that the western sun ever shone ujton, and it will be "the wpn- der of the world for years to come how these five main 'buildings and thcir thn-e-score and ten architect ural adjuncts sprung into being in so short a time. There is a palaco of manufac- turers ana liberal arts, a palace ot mechanical arts, a palace of horti- culture snd agriculture, a palace of fine art and a palatial administra tion building; and all these are fin ished and filled with exhibits from every quarter of the globe mater ial evidences of everr industry and art. To t! icse main buildings have l.'een added pjeeial sttc am! county ! buildings in which the products ifj diiTcrent sections aTe emphaticallv I j particularized. Many of Califor nia s iu-ii;Iilor:ng states have erect ed exposition structures of their own and not a few of her own counties have added county buildings to the group. The area of the California midwinter exposition is nearly two hundred acres, and it includes more than seventy structures. S'ome of these buildings, ns works of architectural art, are superior to the Columbian expositions and com petent critics have said that forpic turesqueness and for jK-rftctiou of its landscape effects this midwinter display in (iolden Gate Park sur passes all etfotts ever made in that direction. In addition to the buildings which contain exhibits of one kind or another, there are several struct ures on the exposition grounds which are wonders of mechanical ingenuity, and which are to be de voted to the special gratification of visitors and to the -general delecta tion of the multitude. Among these is the Firth wheel, almost a counterpart of the famous rerris wheel of the Columbian Lx- position, reaching a height of 120 feet and carrying sixteen cars with a capacity often jn-rsons each. I'ut the grandest engineering fea ture of the exposition is the lionet steel tower which rises to the heigth of 272 feet from the grand central court. Elevators run almost to top of the tower. Its sides are illuminated every evening with thousands of in candescent and electric lights, the deeignes of the illumination being changed continually, and tvo great Hash b'ghts are to be operated from its summit. One idea that has been carried out in connection with the Midivin- central exhibition corridor. There ter Exposition has been to call from is a gallerv eighteen feet widi. The the vast number of exhibits made building i-. as near fire proof as it. is by foreign nations nt Chicago the possible to make it. Wherever choicest of their displays, and to wood is used it i. covered with ter place them where they can be seen ra ctta. All light i secured by at a better advantage than when skylights, leaving as great an area quality had to bo offered up as a as possible avail ible. for the hang Bacrifice on the altar of quantity, ing of paintings. MECHANICS ARTS BUILDING. and where those who hud not been abjo to visit Chicago could seethoin for the first time in the marvelous Midwinter setting that California nlono can afford. The Manufactures and Liberal Arts building is the main building of the exposition, and is 450 feet long and 2."0 feet wide. Three en trances are provided, Qno in the center of the front facade and one at each end "of the building. In ad dition to these are a number of small doors for employes. The style of the building is Moorish;. its material, wood ornamented with staff. The height of the fascade from the ground to the roof is forty feet. The roof la partially covered by skvlighti. The Mechanical Arts building is 275 f;et long and 175 wide. In construction the building 'is more than usually strong, the Huor hi-ing four inches thick and upon heavy supports. The ovcihcad construc tion is made to carry shafting. At tached to the building is an annex built of corrugated iron and brick. The boiler house, made also as an annex, is sixty feet long by twenty feet wide. Its floor is of artificial stone. The side walls connectins it HORTICULTURAL IIALL. and the main building is of iron and fireproof material. The Agricultural and Horticul- j tural hall is 300 feet long bv l'2-i : ft-et wide. The const rntrnn " ia tiie others- f wood and staff orna- r . . ' T,. lau! is km lect long, me building lia gailerV twentV-tlVC feet Wide. The nwl is partially covered with sk v-; ' vi'n- . i r. ADM IMai HATIOX IU'1'DIXG. lights. The height of the facade from the ground to the roof is about ' fortv fret. The Admistration buildinsr is CO ff'rft l.in- hv i) ii.t 5 ! ornamrnt.il. Thp interior is divid ed and arranged for the various de partments, and in front of the build ing on the second and third stories is a gallery for observation. The Fine Arts and Decorative Art building is built of brick and fireproof material. " It is 12J fret long and GO feet wide. The ground floor has a central rotunda, the rest being subdivided into connecting exhibition ronis. From one end of the buiklinz to the other is n vi.b In addition to these main build ings are many special smaller ones, all of attractive designs,' and filled with various, interesting collections and foreign exhibitions. The land scape has been carefully and artis tically designed and tha effect is very pleasing to the eye. Pleasant prousenaut-s are provided through out the grounds, and music will greet the visitors on all sides. THANSI'OKTATrON. The rate of the Southern Pacific company from this city will be $16.85 for round trip, which will in clude Eve admissions to the fair. This is the most picturesque scenic route in the United States, and vis itors to the exposition, either from MANUFACTURERS AND i a. e i . ii Liie c hhl iir irnrn r nt r.ar cnmiiii not fai. make the trip over hl. jj&lZ road. Through Southern Oregon instead of actors. The idea originated and northern California in the con-1 with and carried out by Miss Abbey L. structioir of this road is shown the Alger, daughter of Rev. William K. greatest feats of engineering skill Alger, the noted theologian and philo ever undertaken. The road passes ; soper of Eoston. Religions circles are over great elevations, through wild ! Ech up over the performance. and rugged canvons and seme of the most fertile and beautiful val-, levs known. Attrartiv rnrt. m.neral springs, etc., are numerous aiuiiji uie uue, anu visnors to tne I fair should not fail to visit these ' special point of interest. For any further information, call upon the company's agent, W. V. Lippencott, Medford, Oregon. William Lvman, treasurer of the Irish ' anV,n'Ll Leacne of America, has issued, ! on nalf of that organization, a mani- fesio to the Lrx-h Nationalists at home 1 7 m.. - 1 1 3 . parliajiientarv methods parliamentary met nods as futile, and a : ailvocates a revolution as the only means Lr u-liieh Ireland run a,Iiiw t!iTfnr. atioa of her nghta. The Leavenworth. Ti-pjla and South western railroad, which rans between Leaves worth. Kaa., and Meriden.. and which has l.va cr.der control of the Uuioa Fa: .-itie and the Santa Fe, hasl aica'Jj-ahauJoaei j been irac FIXE AUT3 The Hew York Press club has pre- sentea to Jlrs. Ueorge W. Childs a sil Iver plaque, made in the shape of a ' heart, as a testimonial of esteem for her , late husband, who was an honorary member of the club. On the face of . the plaque was engraved an expression - of condolence. ) Alfred L. Tern, city manager for the the Chicago Telephone company, has : issued an order that 500 telephone girls I black dress skirts shall end threo inches '.from the ground. He says too much dust is created by long' skirts to the in jury of the instruments and causing trouble in the contact. J The Indian warehouse will be re j moved from Xew York to Chicago. secretary of the Interior Smith has leaed quarters at Chicago to run from July 1 at an annual rental of $4,500. New York representatives made a pro test but there is no probability that the secretary will alter his decision. Upon warrants sworn out by Anthony Comstock at New York the policy? raided the Tenderloin club, of which J. A. Kellor, president of tha New York Press club and nianagiutj editor of The Re corder, is president. Several nudo paint I ings on the walls were seized, and the I colored man in charge was locked up, In Monterey county the assessor 5s listing wheat At $i0 pier ton and barley at 7 per ton. Several bills to abolish, the civil ser vice reform laws have been prepared, and will soon be introduced in the house. The army appropriation bill contains reductions all along the line. The total auionnt appropriated is $23,677,281, trjn ooo less than last year. ' " LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING- i . - -- 1 : uaz' ing the performance. ineunmr mnmaenrmgestab- ponedby the census bnrean is re- as 355.4CL against S53.282 in 1880. ThesummarT of totals gives the following figures for 1690: Capital, $6,124,475,305; miscel laneous expenses, $030,944,058; aggregate of the average number of emplovmenta, 4.771,813; wages, $2.282.823.265;' cost of materials used. $3.153,S65,353; value of production, $9,370,107,624. Denver had the arrpeararice of a mili tary camp last week, due to a conflict of autnonty between Governor Waite and the municiHgid county officers. The governor appointed police commissioners 1 and the present officials refused to va- cate the city halL The commissioners are supported by the sheriff and the police department. Governor Waite called ont the entire state militia an threatened to demolish the city rn The citizens of Denver organized to re sist the governor's demands, and blood shed was narrowly averted. Before a crisis was reached the governor con sented to submit the question at issue to " the cotirts. Another effort has been made to get the -Grave; end King." John Y. Mo Kane, from behind the bars at Sing Sine, and aa application has been made to Jadge La Combe of the United States -circuit court for a writ of habeas corpus directing- the warden of the prison to produce XIcKane in court. They allege that he is being detained and denied the right of bail while his case is still pend ing. The application -was refused. The amount of bonds which John ilcKane has failed to account for to the town of Gravesend is oSeiai'y stated to be at least fJOO.COO. Ee disposed of some of them in aa illegal manner. Friends of 1 McKsne declare it makes no difference what tae outcome of the investigate may be. as the estate of HcKane is ex hausted and the town must lose money. i The greatest eon tract ever made witi s corporation is that of the state cf Xew York wish the General Keciric com pany for a riht of way along the canals of the state to lay conduits, string wires or otherwise transmit the immense elec tric current generated at Xigara Falls The company is tofnmish to the state to every canal lock electrical power to run motors, to open and close locks and electric K-13 saSdent to liht each lock. The company must conclude the work inside cf three years. The men behind the scheme arej J. Pierre pont Morgan, 'William Y. Yauderbilt, D. Q. Jiills. Morris K. Jwsup, H. McK. Twoaihley. L X. Selimsn. John Dl iwocicfejlec, August Belmont. F. W. UawWy, E;w,-n luus. snd Thomas C BUILDIXG. The "Industrial Army," gathered at Los Angeles, is anxious to move on to Washington. The men are asking vfor food arid propose to take possession of A train to aid their transportation. The clause in the treaty with Hawaii makes it impossible for President Dole to give or sell Feail harbor to any coon try. The United States has absolute dominion over the harbor. A London dispatch of recent date said that Dole I may cede the harbor to England. " The smoke from a burning building in the rear of the Schiller theater at Chicago prevented the actors from playing belore an i'.laruied audience who saw the smoke, and the people were dis missed, much to the satisfaction of all parties. Vhey Want tne Bps. "The people of this vicinity insist on having Chan:b'r!ain's Coueh Remedy and do not wnnt any othT,"" says J'ha V. Bishop, of Poet land Mills, Indiana. That is right. Thev know it to he su-perior-to any other for colds, and as a preventive and cure forcrou:, and why should they not insist upon having it. 30 cent bottles for sale by G. U. Has kins. use xxx tae la-gest x)Uli ana best uximext for tuau and beast.