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CapitalPress.com
Friday, January 7, 2022
New cover crop research could shape
California groundwater policies
By CAROL RYAN DUMAS
Capital Press
The U.S. has prevailed in
its dispute with Canada over
access to Canadian markets
for U.S. dairy products.
A dispute resolution
panel convened under the
United States-Mexico-Can-
ada Agreement found Can-
ada’s use of tariff rate quo-
tas (TRQ) to unfairly restrict
U.S. dairy products is incon-
sistent with its USMCA
obligations.
The panel agreed with the
U.S. that Canada is breach-
ing its commitments by
reserving the vast major-
ity of TRQs exclusively for
processors, who have lit-
tle incentive to import U.S.
dairy products.
A tariff rate quota applies
a preferential rate to a pre-
determined quantity of
imports. Any imports above
that quantity are subject to
signifi cantly higher tariff s.
With the bulk of TRQ
access reserved for proces-
sors, only a small amount is
left for distributors — and
retailers have no access to
TRQs, Shawna Morris, vice
president for trade with the
U.S. Dairy Export Council
and National Milk Produc-
ers Federation said in an ear-
lier interview with Capital
Press.
“It’s these latter two
groups that we think have
Hay expo to help farmers weather shipping problems
he said. “Even when you
said, ‘Hey, here’s the price,’
(customers) were like, ‘Oh,
well, that’s what we’ve got
to pay, that’s the market,
here you go.’”
Eddie expects the indus-
try to be watching for new
regulations and overtime
rules in 2022.
“Stick with what you
know, weather the storm
and we’ll all try to make it
through until things hope-
fully kind of subside, get
back to where they were,”
he said. “Crop prices are
going to be a little higher ...
while input costs are higher,
everything else is cost-
ing more. We’ll weather
through it and see what
happens.”
LEGAL
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S269623-1
S276280-1
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at 10:00am by
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2885 NATIONAL WAY WOODBURN, OR
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S276278-1
ting, if you can manage to do
that.”
Growers should still be
doing as much as they can
business-wise while still
breaking even, Eddie said.
Eddie said he’s optimis-
tic about the outlook for hay
demand. Domestically, the
need is solid. Exports are
slow but many exporters
are still purchasing crop, he
said.
“You just have to make
sure that with an increased
cost, you’re getting what
you need out of it,” he said.
“You’ve got to run your
business like a business,” he
said. “Pay attention to what
goes in and pay attention to
what comes out.”
Hay prices are about
$200 to $250 a ton for big
bales of alfalfa, and small
bales were $200 to $280 a
ton, Eddie estimated.
“Demand was very high,”
S276283-1
Like their counterparts in
many other ag sectors, hay
farmers have been grappling
with shipping problems in
the past year.
“Hay is a hard thing to
get shipped out, especially
when it’s cheaper and eas-
ier for (railroad) lines to ship
back empty containers rather
than fi ll them full of hay,”
said Andrew Eddie, a farmer
in Moses Lake, Wash., and
president of the Washing-
ton State Hay Growers
Association.
Eddie also pointed to the
“substantial” increase in the
cost of shipping hay.
Those and other hot top-
ics will take center stage at
the upcoming Northwest
Hay Expo, Eddie said. The
expo is Jan. 19-20 at the
Three Rivers Convention
Center in Kennewick, Wash.
Fertilizer prices and
chemical availability are
other topics Eddie expects
farmers to be thinking about.
“We’re not sure when
we’re going to get product,
if we’re going to get product
or how much we’re going to
have,” he said. “That’s kind
of a big thing for most grow-
ers and supply companies.”
If chemicals are deliv-
ered late, farmers will have
already needed to spray,
Eddie said. “It’s a little
uncertain right now.”
Farmers are working to
get their supplies early.
“The problem is it’s
tough to locate, it’s tough to
get stuff and then suppliers
don’t really have the means
to get it here any earlier,”
Eddie said. “So it’s kind of
just a sit-and-wait game and
maybe push off a spray or
fertilizer until after fi rst cut-
S276286-1
By MATTHEW WEAVER
Capital Press
the strongest incentives to
actually purchase U.S. dairy
products,” she said.
The U.S. and Canada
negotiated specifi c mar-
ket access terms covering a
wide variety of dairy prod-
ucts, said Jim Mulhern, pres-
ident and CEO of National
Milk Producers Federation.
“But instead of play-
ing by those mutually
agreed upon rules, Canada
ignored its commitments.
As a result, U.S. dairy farm-
ers and exporters have been
unable to make full use of
USMCA’s benefi ts,” he said.
The offi ce of the U.S.
Trade
Representative
brought the case in May
after trying to resolve the
matter through consultations
with Canadian offi cials.
“We expect Canada to
abide by its commitments
so that the American dairy
industry can fully access
the Canadian markets just
as USMCA promised,”
said Krysta Harding, presi-
dent and CEO of U.S. Dairy
Export Council.
The dairy access case is
the fi rst dispute panel pro-
ceeding brought under
USMCA.
USDEC and NMPF cer-
tainly hope and expect that
Canada will comply, Morris
told Capital Press.
“Flouting the fi rst ruling
of USMCA would set a ter-
rible precedent for the integ-
rity of the dispute settle-
ment tool and, certainly, that
should be a priority for Can-
ada as well,” she said.
That said, USMCA pro-
vides a process for leveling
compensation measures —
retaliatory tariff s — if Can-
ada does not comply, she
said.
“The level of compen-
sation would get decided
by the panel that heard the
case,” she said.
S276284-1
sensing images cover crops may appear
as water-using vegetation for which
growers can be penalized.
“Because winter cover crops may
appear on remote sensing images as
water-using vegetation, the sole use of
model-driven data coming from sat-
ellites could become a disincentive to
the practice (of cover cropping) being
used,” said Jeff Mitchell, plant sci-
ences professor at the University of
California-Davis.
Panel rules against Canada
in U.S. dairy dispute
S276277-1
University of California ANR
This almond orchard near Durham
in Butte County, Calif., shown in
2017, was one of 10 sites studied
to determine soil water content in
cover cropped versus non-cover
cropped almond orchards and to-
mato fi elds from 2016 to 2019.
Carol Ryan Dumas/Capital Press File
A dispute resolution panel has sided with the U.S.
against Canada’s eff orts to restrict access to its dairy
markets. Under the USMCA trade treaty, Canada is re-
quired to provide more access for U.S. dairy products.
S276281-1
SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY, Calif.
— New cover crop research released
this December may help shape ground-
water policies under the Sustainable
Groundwater Management Act, or
SGMA, in several San Joaquin Valley
counties.
SGMA, passed in 2014, is a legisla-
tive package related to how groundwater
is managed in California. It aff ects many
aspects of farmers’ practices, including
how they pump groundwater.
SGMA requires local agencies to
form groundwater sustainability agen-
cies, or GSAs, to monitor high- and
medium-priority basins. The GSAs
then develop groundwater sustainabil-
ity plans and regulations for their local
regions based on information collected
through monitoring.
The problem is that the type of mon-
itoring agencies use — typically remote
sensing with devices like drones —
mis-categorizes cover crop systems.
Winter cover crops, researchers say,
generally require no irrigation and pro-
vide long-term benefi ts, but on remote
The new research from Mitchell and
his team shows that winter cover crop-
ping is benefi cial, is not a substantial
water user and should be measured dif-
ferently by GSAs.
The research was conducted from
2016 through 2019 by UC Agriculture
and Natural Resources researchers and
collaborators. They worked on 10 large
sites in Central Valley almond orchards
and tomato fi elds.
The researchers collected data to
quantify changes in soil water stor-
age and evapotranspiration, compar-
ing cover-cropped areas to bare fallow
areas. The work focused on winter cover
crops, grown November to March.
According to Samuel Sandoval-So-
lis, one of the researchers, winter cover
crops are generally not substantial water
users.
In a recent presentation to water reg-
ulators, growers and other stakeholders,
Alyssa DeVincentis, a former UC-Davis
Ph.D. student who worked on the proj-
ect, said it can take years before growers
start to accrue noticeable benefi ts from
cover cropping, but she said the practice
is worthwhile because “long-term ben-
efi ts of cover crops can be signifi cant.”
S276285-1
By SIERRA DAWN McCLAIN
Capital Press
S276340-1
