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November 9, 2018 CapitalPress.com 5 European apple moth strikes By DAN WHEAT Capital Press Courtesy Owyhee Irrigation District Repairs to a section of Malheur Siphon in southeast Oregon aim to greatly stabilize the support structure while enabling the steel pipe to expand and contract independently. Malheur Siphon repairs underway By BRAD CARLSON Capital Press Major repairs to the Mal- heur Siphon, an above-ground irrigation pipe in southeastern Oregon, are underway and slated to be completed by March if not Christmas 2018, Owyhee Irrigation District general and project manager Jay Chamberlin said. The siphon, a landmark in the valley, delivers up to 325 cubic feet per second of irrigation water from the Mal- heur Reservoir to farmers on the northern part of the OID system. Crews recently finished re- pairing four bends in the 4.5- mile, 80-inch steel pipe that previously was held up by a support structure with con- crete legs placed two feet into the bentonite clay soil. In the old system, wet conditions expanded soil and lifted sup- ports — which dropped when the soil dried. “The problems were stress, wrinkle and mis- alignment” to the pipe, he said. Improvements under way in the roughly half-mile af- fected area include placing the pipe on a beam-mounted slide plate that sits atop concrete, steel-reinforced piers drilled 22 feet underground — some 20 feet deeper than the old supports. Chamberlin said the plate is designed to allow the pipe to move independently of any soil shifting, such as when the pipe expands slightly due to heat. “The support structure has not been supporting the pipe to allow thermal expansion and contraction of the pipe it- self,” he said. The siphon runs south to north, crossing U.S. 20-26 between Cairo Junction and Vale. Supplied by Owyhee Reservoir, it serves about 20,000 acres of irrigated farm- land. The section under recon- struction is on the north end, starting at the Malheur River and running north. So far in the project, groundwater has posed a chal- lenge close to the Malheur River, Chamberlin said. Here, holes for concrete piers are encased in steel. “And because it is so close to Malheur Butte, there are some challenges with land and slopes and terrain,” he said. A couple of repairs are slated where the siphon traverses a draw and sits on an elevated, trestle-like steel structure. The approximately $1 million project, paid for by OID reserve funds, also in- volves JC Constructors of Meridian, Idaho, engineer- ing firm Stantec’s Boise of- fice and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. OROVILLE, Wash. — The apple clearwing moth, a Euro- pean apple tree killer, is taking a toll in British Columbia and probably has been on the U.S. side of the border for a number of years, a Canadian entomolo- gist says. Apple trees on hundreds of acres in the British Columbia Cawston and Okanagan valleys have died in the last five years and thousands more are infest- ed, said Gary Judd, research entomologist with Agricul- ture and Agri-Food Canada in Summerland, B.C. The federal agency is roughly the equiva- lent of USDA. The Washington State De- partment of Agriculture first trapped a clearwing in Western Washington in 2008 but none have been trapped in the Wash- ington Okanogan. The region, which straddles the border, is spelled Okanagan in B.C. and Okanogan in Washington. However, Judd said he’s seen damage to trees in the Oroville area, about 20 miles southeast of Cawston, that he’s sure is from clearwing although he’s not seen the moth there. Apple clearwing moth was first recorded in North America near Cawston in 2005, accord- ing to the B.C. Ministry of Ag- riculture. A student working in an ap- ple packing house and daughter of a Cawston orchardist found “a cool looking moth” and took it to local authorities who thought it was a native insect, Judd said. She then brought it to Judd who thought it was an apple clearwing moth. Testing by the California Department of Agri- culture and DNA testing in Ot- tawa proved him correct. “In the early 2000s, the lo- cal apple industry was heavy into replanting to convert to high-density, dwarfing or- chards. We ran into a shortage of dwarfing rootstock, so went to the Netherlands and Belgium to import rootstocks,” Judd said. After checking records, he became “99 percent sure” that’s how the pest arrived. Courtesy Mark Gardiner/Agri-Food Canada An adult female apple clearwing moth, identified by orange stripes, works a weed blossom in Canada in 2011. The moth spreads the disease cytospora that disrupts a tree’s flow of water and nutrients to the point it dies. It’s present, in vary degrees, in all 1,200 acres of apple or- chard in Cawston Valley and spread over the mountains to the Okanagan Valley by people moving rootstock, Judd said. From there is has spread north and south as far as the moth might fly, he said. It’s been most prevalent in Gala and Ambrosia apple trees likely because they’ve been most recently planted in large numbers in the Okanagan, he said. For a number of years, the moth, and the cytospora dis- ease it transmits, seemed rela- tively stable, causing about 20 percent reduction in yields but compensated for with fertilizer, Judd said. But in recent years, a num- ber of factors including hotter summers, water use and com- bining with other diseases has accelerated mortality in young trees, he said. It’s reached an alarming point and is a “hot topic” in the Canadian Okana- gan apple industry, he said. The adult moth lays its eggs in cracks or wounds in bark, commonly the grafting union, but also pruning scars and bud spurs, Judd said. It’s been found in tops of Gala apple trees that are top pruned to increase sun- shine to fruit. Larvae hatch and feed under the bark, girdling the tree and disrupting flow of water and nutrients, he said. Eventually, the tree dies when heavily in- fested. Pheromone disruption doesn’t work because the clear- wing relies more on sight than smell for mating. Researchers have been unable to design traps that work to attract large numbers. That leaves pesticides, also not totally effective. “Organic sprays of Entrust are not very effective because it requires repeated applica- tions that are very expensive,” Judd said. “It requires high wa- ter volume, so hand gunning which you can’t do on a big scale. We don’t have good data on airblast (tractor towed spray- er) efficacy.” Judd and other entomol- ogists, including Elizabeth Beers at the Washington State University Tree Fruit Re- search and Extension Center, in Wenatchee, are discussing how best to combat the pest and the best fungicides for the cytospo- ra disease which has several species. “We don’t have a lot of good chemicals to do it and we’re limited in the control timing,” Judd said. Beers said clearwings can be detected in April and May when they leave or- ange-brown frass on tree bark near larval feeding areas. 18 th Annual WILLAMETTE VALLEY 3 Big Days! Tues • Wed • Thurs NOVEMBER 13 • 14 • 15 4 Big Buildings! CORE Pesticide Training for credits CPR/AED Training (Register online) Forklift Certification Classes (Register online) Antique Farm Equipment Show with over 70 pieces on display 180+ Vendors and Dozens of New Exhibitors! Another 20,000 sq. ft. of indoor heated displays! Back by Popular Demand: Wed. Evening Dine Around Oregon. Tickets available online. TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 13 Meetings: Santiam Classroom (REPEATS on Thursday) Training: 2018 CORE Training NOTE: These classes repeat on THURSDAY, 4 credits total are available (not 8). No pre-registration required. Admission is $4 at the door, parking is free, courses are complimentary with admission. Each two hour block = two credits. Oregon and Washington Department of Ag recertification credits apply. • 10:30-11:30AM • Jeffrey Jenkins; Pesticide Human Health Risk Assessment A general discussion of the basic principles toxicology and key elements of pesticide human health risk assessment applied to glyphosate case study. • 11:30-12:30PM • Jeffrey Jenkins; A System Approach to Water Quality Assessment in Oregon Watersheds • Introduction to the OSU Watershed Assessment Framework and more. • Lunch or other Break • 2:00 – 3:00 p.m • Kaci Buhl; Worker Protection Standard – What Agricultural Employers Need to Know • Will cover the requirements for agricultural employers under the WPS. • 3:00 – 4:00 p.m • Andrea Sonnen; ODA Update / Lessons Learned • A brief overview of updates to laws and regulations and a look at several cases from the previous year detailing lessons learned. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 14 Meetings: 45-3/106 Willamette Conference Center • 10:30- 12:15PM • CPR / AED with Standard First Aid (Advanced online registration required and $30.00 fee) • Pacific Health & Safety will provide authorized health and safety training at the 2018 Willamette Valley Ag Expo. This course will cover CPR & choking for ages 8 and over, AED training for adult and child victims, and first aid for basic injuries and sudden illnesses. Certification from this course is valid for 2 years. • Pacific Health & Safety uses American Trauma Event Management and American Red Cross training materials that conform to national standards that are based on the same scientific guidelines and treatment recommendations used by the American Heart Association guidelines, International Liaison committee on Resuscitation guidelines, and Emergency Cardiac Care scientific guidelines. • 1:30-2:45PM • Standard First Aid (Registration required, and $15.00 fee) • Pacific Health & Safety will provide authorized health & safety training at the 2018 Willamette Valley Ag Expo. This course will cover First Aid for basic injuries & sudden illnesses. Certification from this course is valid for 2 years. • 10:30 a.m. • Forklift Certification Training: – Santiam Classroom (Advanced registration required, free with admission) • Includes: classroom, workbook, written knowledge check verification with a scheduled practical driving evaluation immediately following. Proof of successful completion of course, knowledge check, and practical driving evaluation provided. Program and equipment provided/donated by Pape Material Handling and OVERTON Safety Training. Class size limited to 40 people. Advanced registration required online at www.wvaexpo.com. This class is free with paid admission. Class size limited to 40 people. (All materials and instruction is provided in English) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 15 Meetings: Santiam Classroom (REPEAT of Tuesday, November 13-cannot duplicate credits) Training: 2018 CORE Training No pre-registration required. Admission is $4 at the door, parking is free, courses are complimentary with admission. Each two hour block = two credits. Oregon and Washington Department of Ag recertification credits apply. • 10:30-11:30AM • Jeffrey Jenkins; Pesticide Human Health Risk Assessment A general discussion of the basic principles toxicology and key elements of pesticide human health risk assessment applied to glyphosate case study. • 11:30-12:30PM • Jeffrey Jenkins; A System Approach to Water Quality Assessment in Oregon Watersheds • Introduction to the OSU Watershed Assessment Framework, a systems approach employing monitoring, modeling and geospatial analysis to aid in stakeholder evaluation of alternative IPM practices and BMPs designed to reduce pesticide surface water loading. • Lunch or other Break • 2:00 – 3:00 p.m • Daniella Whanger; Worker Protection Standard – What Agricultural Employers Need to Know • Will cover the requirements for agricultural employers under the WPS, as revised in 2015. Provisions for training, central posting, decontamination requirements, and other topics will be discussed , with questions and answers. • 3:00 – 4:00 p.m • Andrea Sonnen & Jennifer Marin; ODA Update / Lessons Learned • A brief overview of updates to laws and regulations and a look at several cases from the previous year detailing lessons learned. BAGS: • Seed Bags • Fertilizer Bags • Feed Bags • Potato Bags • Printed Bags • Plain Bags • Bulk Bags • Totes • Woven Polypropylene • Bopp • Polyethylene • Pocket Bags • Roll Stock & More! HAY PRESS SUPPORT: • Hay Sleeves • Strap • Totes • Printed or Plain • Stretch Film (ALL GAUGES) WAREHOUSE PACKAGING: • Stretch Film • Pallet Sheets • Pallet Covers LOCATIONS: Albany, Oregon (MAIN OFFICE) Ellensburg, Washington CONTACT INFORMATION: Phone: 855-928-3856 Fax: 541-497-6262 info@westernpackaging.com ....................................................... CUSTOMER SERVICE IS OUR TOP PRIORITY! w w w. w e s t e r n p a c k a g i n g. c o m 45-3/100 A SPECIAL THANK YOU TO OUR 2018 WILLAMETTE VALLEY AG EXPO SPONSORS: • Ag Chains Plus • Ag West Supply • Boshart Trucking • Coastal Farm • Complete Wireless • Doerfler Farms • Fastline, Sponsor • Farmland Tractor • Les Schwab Tires • Nutrien Ag Solutions • NW 94 Sales • Northwest Farm Credit Service • Pacific Health & Safety Sponsor • Oregon Shipping Group • Overton Safety Training CORE • Pape Machinery Pesticide • Peterson Machinery Training • Sunbelt Rentals wvaexpo.com • Oregonians for Food & Shelter • And thank you to the following Dine Around Oregon sponsors: • Reed Anderson Ranches • Manning Farms • Oregon Dairy Women • Oregon Cattleman’s Association Linn County Fair & Expo Center For information about sessions or presenters please contact: Andy Steinkamp andy.steinkamp@valleyag.com • 503-932-5049 Expo contact: Jill Ingalls info@wvaexpo.com • 800-208-2168 For Expo updates, follow us on Facebook! 3700 Knox Butte Rd . I-5 @ Exit 234 • Albany, OR (20 Minutes South of Salem) 45-3/100 WE SPECIALIZE IN BULK BAGS!
