➩➫ ➭➯➲➜ ➳➵➟➜➸➺➜➸
➛➜➝➞➜➟➝➠➡➢ ➤➠➡ ➥➦➢ ➥➧➨➦
❶♦✇✇q✉④ ① ♠♦①♥q✉④ ①q❷❸ ❹♠①✇ ✇t ♦⑨✈♦r✇
❧♠♥♦♦ ♣qsrt✉r♦✈✇qt✉s
①②t③✇ rt④✉q✇q⑤♦ ①④q✉④
Cognitive aging refers to the changes a per-
son undergoes in their ability to think, sense
and reason as they get older. It seems simple
enough, but in fact, it’s a subject that’s rife
with misconceptions. Here are three of them:
●❍ ■❖❏❑▼◆▼P◗ ❘❏▼❑❏ ▼❙ ❙❚❑❖❑❚❯❖❱❙
❲▼◆❳ ■❖❏❑▼◆▼P◗ ❩◗■❬▼❑◗
Health professionals judge that it’s incorrect
to speak of a decline, given that cognitive
aging is a natural process and one characte-
rized by enormous variability. It’s true that a
person’s memory tends to become less sharp
as they age and their mental processes tend
to slow. However, this isn’t the same thing
as a change in intelligence. In fact, there’s
no reason cognitive aging should interfere
with a person continuing to learn new skills
as they get older.
❭❍ ■❖❏❑▼◆▼P◗ ❘❏▼❑❏ ▼❙ ■❖❑❑◗■◆◗❩
◆❖ ❘❬❪❳◗▼❯◗❫➆❙ ❩▼❙◗❘❙◗
While the signs of cognitive aging resemble
the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease to some
degree, the two should not be confused.
Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease
characterized by severe declines in cognitive
capabilities. Cognitive aging, on the other
hand, isn’t a disease but a natural part of get-
ting older; the changes in cognitive ability to
which it refers vary and are gradual.
❴❍ ❑❖◆❳▼❑❏ ■❘❑ ❵◗ ❩❖❑◗ ❘❵❖❱◆ ❘❏◗❛❫◗❬❘◆◗❩
■❖❏❑▼◆▼P◗ ■❳❘❑❏◗❙❍
Cognitive aging may be a natural process,
but the extent to which one’s ability to
think, sense and reason will change over the
years can be controlled. You can be mental-
ly sharp at any age. To attend to your cogni-
tive health, the National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine re-
commends the following:
✤ Be physically active. Physical health goes
hand-in-hand with mental health.
✤ Be socially and intellectually active. Seek
out new experiences and new learning
opportunities.
✤ Make sure you’re sleeping well. The qua-
lity of your sleep directly impacts your co-
gnitive functioning. Consult a health pro-
fessional if you’re having trouble sleeping.
✤ Manage your medications. Certain medi-
cations can negatively affect one’s cogni-
tive functions.
Consult with your doctor if you’re concer-
ned about the effect of your medications, or
if you want to learn more about maintaining
your cognitive health.
Seniors are at risk for mal-
nutrition. Though their need
for nutrients remains largely
the same as when they were
younger, their need for energy,
and therefore their appetite,
decreases with age. Here are
a few things seniors can do to
fend off malnutrition.
✤ ✺✻✼✽✾ ✿❀❁ ❁❂❃ ❄✻❅❇❈ Besides weight
loss, malnutrition can cause tiredness
and irritability, slow healing of wounds
and the feeling of always being cold.
✤ Understand the side effects of medi-
cations. Many drugs affect appetite, di-
gestion and nutrient absorption.
Remedies for malnutrition include exer-
cising regularly to stimulate the appetite,
adding more herbs and spices to meals to
✯✮✷✱✮✩✯ ❉✱✸✭✪✶ ✱✮✥ ✬✱❊✦✮❋ ✲✪✴✴✫✯✵✯✮✬✲
(if recommended by a doctor).
❲❳❖ ◆❫◗❘◆❙ ❳◗❘❫▼❑❏ ❬❖❙❙✐
There are two types of health professio-
nals who specialize in hearing loss: au-
diologists and ear, nose and throat (ENT)
doctors (also called otolaryngologists).
Since hearing loss is frequently a natural
part of aging, seeing an audiologist ins-
tead of an ENT doctor is generally more
appropriate for seniors. Audiologists ad-
✵✦✮✦✲✬✯✶ ✷✯✱✶✦✮❋ ✬✯✲✬✲ ✱✮✥ ★✬ ✴✱✬✦✯✮✬✲ ✧✭✶
hearing aids.
❶③①♥❷q✉④ ①④①q✉s✇ ♣①⑩✉③✇♥q✇qt✉
✤ Have regular weigh-ins.
Weight gain or loss can be
✥✦✧★✩✪✫✬ ✬✭ ✮✭✬✦✩✯✰ ✱✲ ✦✬ ✬✳✴✦ -
cally happens gradually. Seniors should
make a habit of weighing themselves at
least once a month. Any weight loss of
✵✭✶✯ ✬✷✱✮ ★✸✯ ✴✯✶ ✩✯✮✬ ✭✧ ✬✷✯✦✶ ✹✭✥✳
weight during a period of six months or
less needs attention.
On average, it takes people who notice a
✩✷✱✮❋✯ ✦✮ ✬✷✯✦✶ ✷✯✱✶✦✮❋ ★✸✯ ✬✭ ✲✯✸✯✮ ✳✯✱✶✲
to do something about it. This is unfortu-
nate, as hearing loss can lead to social
withdrawal, depression, cognitive decline
and decreased personal safety. Wearing a
hearing aid, however, can drastically im-
prove a person’s ability to hear.
If you think you or a loved one is suffe-
ring from malnutrition, see a physician
right away. Malnutrition has a number
of serious consequences, including a
weakened immune system (increasing
the possibility for contracting infections)
and a heightened risk for falling and get-
ting fractures due to muscle weakness
and decreased bone mass. A doctor will
help you form an appropriate care plan to
get your health back on track.
However, if you have concerns that a
medical condition is behind your hea-
ring loss, a visit to the ENT doctor is the
✶✯✩✭✵✵✯✮✥✯✥ ★✶✲✬ ✲✬✯✴❞ ❥✮✫✳ ✱ ✴✷✳✲✦ -
cian can perform a medical exam and
determine whether hearing loss is medi-
cally or surgically correctable.
rally provide superior testing, consul-
tations and fittings.
❏◗◆◆▼❑❏ ❘ ❳◗❘❫▼❑❏ ❘▼❩
❦❫❖❯ ❘❑ ❘❱❩▼❖❬❖❏▼❙◆
A hearing test conducted by an audiolo-
gist typically takes 30 to 40 minutes.
Afterwards, depending on your test re-
sults, he or she will recommend the hea-
ring aid that’s best suited to your needs
and lifestyle. Your hearing aid will be
✬✱✦✫✭✶ ✵✱✥✯ ✬✭ ★✬ ✳✭✪✶ ✯✱✶❞
Usually, your audiologist will have you
come in for one or more follow-up ap-
pointments to evaluate if adjustments to
the hearing aid need to be made.
Hearing loss can have a number of nega-
tive consequences but wearing a hearing
aid can help. If you or a loved one is
experiencing hearing loss, don’t wait to
visit your doctor or audiologist.
Note that both licensed physicians
and ENT doctors can administer hea-
ring tests and recommend hearing
aids. How ever, audiologists are more
experien ced in this domain and gene-
⑥ s①✇qs⑦ ⑧q✉④ s♦⑨ ⑩q⑦♦ qs ✈tssq②⑩♦ ①✇ ①✉⑧ ①④♦
Your sexuality doesn’t come with an expira-
tion date, and in fact, many older people
✯✮❜✭✳ ✷✱✸✦✮❋ ✱✮ ✱✩✬✦✸✯ ✱✮✥ ✧✪✫★✫✫✦✮❋ ✲✯❝ ✫✦✧✯❞
❡✭ ❜✭✦✮ ✬✷✯ ✶✱✮❊✲ ✭✧ ✲✯❝✪✱✫✫✳ ✲✱✬✦✲★✯✥ ✲✯ -
niors, you already have the tools you need,
including the following:
✤ You’re desirable. Your body may have
changed over the years, but you’re as desi-
rable as ever. Your eyes, smile and perso-
nality are fabulous. Take pride in your ap-
pearance by pampering your skin, eating
well and staying active.
✤ You know yourself. A lifetime of sexual
experimentation has probably taught you
what you like and what you don’t like in
bed. Don’t be shy to share this information
with your partner to ensure that both of
you have a good time.
✤ You have resources. If you need medi-
cal assistance to have a more satisfying
sex life, there are many health profes-
sionals who can help. A sexologist, phar-
macist or doctor can help you decide if
✳✭✪❢✥ ✹✯✮✯★✬ ✧✶✭✵ ✲✯❝ ✬✷✯✶✱✴✳✰ ✷✭✶✵✭✮✯
treatments or a medication like Viagra or
Cialis.
✤ You’ve got time. Retired (or semi-retired)
life leaves you more time for leisure activi-
ties. Dedicating more energy into your sex
life will make it more pleasurable and
rewarding. If you’re not in a relationship,
take the time to peruse online dating web-
sites dedicated to older adults in your area.
❣✦✬✷ ✱ ✫✦✬✬✫✯ ✲✯✫✧❤✩✭✮★✥✯✮✩✯ ✱✮✥ ✱ ❋✶✯✱✬
partner, you’re sure to have a great time
between the sheets. A healthy sex life is
good for your health and mental well-being,
no matter what your age.
❺❻❼❽❾❿➀➁❾➂❼➃
➄❼❽➅❾➇➁➅
➇➈ ➇➉❽ ➀❽➊❾❿➋❼➅
➀❽❼ ❾➁❿➋➉➃❼➃
❾➁ ➊➌❼ ➇➁➋❾➁❼ ➍➀
➎❼ ➈➇➋➃❼❽
➏➌❼➁ ➁❼❿❼➅➅➀❽
➐➑
➒➓➔→➣↔↕➙➛ ➜➝↔
➞➟↔↕➙➞➠↔➟
➜➛ ➡➓➢➢➓➤➛➥ ➦➧➦➨➩➫
➭➯➲➟➓➔ ➲
➑➒➓➔→
➣↔↕➙➛➜➝↔➞
➳➵➸ ➺➻➼➽➽
genuinely
➾➼➚➪➶
➹➘➴➷ ➘ change for the better ➬➮➱✃ ❐❒➮❮✃➱❰
➘ÏÏÐ➮ÑÒÏÓÔ➮Õ➷ ➘Ö➘❒➱×➷Ñ➱Ô❰ ØÙÐ✃ÚÓ❒ ÑÓ❒Ô➮Ñ❮
➘ÑÛ Ô➷❒Õ➮Ò➷Ð×➮ÑÛ➷Û Ô➱➘Ü ➮Ñ ➘ Ý➘×➮ÏÞÐÔ➱ÞÏ➷
ÒÚ××ÓÑ➮➱Þß
➊➋➌➌ ➋➐
➍➎➏ ▼◆❖P◗❘ ❚❱ ❲❳❨❘❩ ❬❭◆❨❪❫❴
❵❖❴❨❣P❖❭❫ P❖❘ ▼❫❥❦❣❫❧❫❖❥ ❬❫❣♠❦❭❫❴
❹❽❾⑤❿ ➀➁➂➃➁➄♥➃➄➅❻➂
♥♥ q r✇① ③④⑤⑥ ⑦⑧⑨✇⑤ ③
➆➇➈❿ ➀➁➂➃➁➄♥➃➄➅❻➂
⑩❶❷⑨❸⑥ ❹❺ ❻♥r❼♥
➉⑤❶❶❿ ➀➁➂➃♥r➅➃➁❼r❼
éêë ìíîï ðñòì óôô õêöë ÷íøñùúëí ûêüíëúýí êïòñêþÿ
☛☞☞✌ ✍ ✎✏✏✑✒✓✔✕☞✏ ✖✑✗
☞✘✒☞✙✙☞✚✕ ✏☞✗✛✓✒☞
à➸áââ ➵➸âã äåæ ➹çè➸ ç é➹çê➳ ➹åë➸ß
▲✜✢❆▲▲❨✣
ìíîïððñïíòìó
ôõõöõ÷øù úöûöüý þ ÿø ❶ ✁✂ ✄☎✁ ø þ ôú ✆✝✞ ÿ ✟✠✡
✠✞➀ ☛✡ ÷ ☞ ✌ ÷ ✁ øø÷ þ ú ☎✍✁☎ üùø ✎ ✏✑ ✒✝➀✠✞
➁➁➁✓✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✗✛✕✔✜✢✚✕✓✣✘✤
➌✥✦✦✧★✩✪✦✫✬★✭✮ ✯✰✱✲ ✥✦✦✧★✩✪✦✫✬★✭✮ ★✬ ✦★✳★✴✮✵ ✴✶ ✬✮✷✭★✪✮✬ ✸✮✷✳★✴✴✮✵ ✫✩✵✮✷
✹✸✸✦★✪✹✺✦✮ ✦★✪✮✩✬✫✷✮✻ ✬✴✹✴✫✴✮✬ ✹✩✵ ✷✮✼✫✦✹✴★✶✩✬✽ ✾✮✷✭★✪✮✬ ✬✫✺✿✮✪✴ ✴✶ ✴❀✶✬✮
✹✭✹★✦✹✺✦✮ ✹✴ ❁★✦✵❂✶❃✮✷ ❄✶✵✼✮✽ ✥✵✵★✴★✶✩✹✦ ❅✮✮✬ ✳✹❆ ✹✸✸✦❆ ✴✶ ✬✫✸✸✦✮✳✮✩✴✹✦
✬✮✷✭★✪✮✬✽ ❇✮✹✪❀ ✶✫✴ ✴✶ ❁★✦✵❂✶❃✮✷ ❄✶✵✼✮ ❅✶✷ ✹✵✵★✴★✶✩✹✦ ★✩❅✶✷✳✹✴★✶✩✽
ÛÜÝÜÞßàßÜÞßÜáÝÜâãäåÜæßÛçßÜæè
➟➠➟➠➡ ➢➤ ➥➦➧ ➨ ➩➫➭➯➲➳ ➦➵➸➺
➻➼➽➾➚➪➻➾➽➶➹➼
➘➴➷➷ ➬➮➱➱ ✃❐❒❮❮❐❰❒❰❐✃Ï❰Ð ÑÑÑÒ➮➱➱Ó❐ÔÕÖ×➮ØÕÙ➱ÒÕ➱Ú
✁✂✄☎✆ ✝✞✟✠✆✡
➉➊➋➍➎➎➊➏
➊➐➐➑ ➒➍➓➔
→➋➣↔→➏➣
➻➼➽➾➚➚➼➪
➼➶➶➹
❨♦❈❉ ❊❈❋●❍● ■❏❑❑ ❊♦ ▲❈❍● ✉♦❉ ➘➾➴➷
❍▼❋●❋ ▼❋◆✈❋▲❑② ❖❋✈❏❑❑❋❖
❋❊❊●❣
P●
❖❋❑❏◗❏♦❈●
◆● ❍▼❋② ◆❉❋ ▲❈❍❉❏❍❏♦❈●✐ ❍▼❋②❘❑❑ ◆❖❖
➬➽➮➱➬➪➮
❍▼❋ t❋❉✉❋◗❍ ✉❋●❍❏✈❋ ❍♦❈◗▼ ❍♦ ②♦❈❉ ❙◆●❍❋❉ ❍◆❚❑❋ ●❋❍❍❏▲❊❯
❱❲❳❩❬❭❱❬❲❪❫
❴❵❛❜❡❝❞❢❤❥r❝s❦❥❡❧♠r❡❝♥
♣ q✇ ❑◆❉❊❋ ❋❊❊●
♣ ① ●❑❏◗❋● ♦✉ ❚◆◗♦▲
♣ ✇ ❉❏t❋ ◆✈♦◗◆❖♦❋●
♣ ✇ ❍◆❚❑❋●t♦♦▲● ❑❏③❋ ④❈❏◗❋
♣ q ❍◆❚❑❋●t♦♦▲⑤◆❚◆●◗♦
♦❉ ⑥❉❏❉◆◗▼◆ ●◆❈◗❋
♣ q ❍❋◆●t♦♦▲ ●◆❑❍
♣ P ✉❋■ ●t❉❏❊● ♦✉ ✉❉❋●▼ ⑦❍◆❑❏◆▲ t◆❉●❑❋②
⑧❩❬⑧⑨❩⑨❪❱⑩❲
q❯❷❑◆◗❋ ❍▼❋ ❋❊❊● ❏▲ ◆ ❑◆❉❊❋ ◗◆●●❋❉♦❑❋✐
◗♦✈❋❉■❏❍▼ ◗♦❑❖ ■◆❍❋❉ ◆▲❖ ❚♦❏❑ ♦✈❋❉
▼❏❊▼ ▼❋◆❍ ✉♦❉ q✇ ③❏▲❈❍❋●❯
✇❯❸▼❏❑❋ ❍▼❋ ❋❊❊● ◆❉❋ ❚♦❏❑❏▲❊✐ t❉❋t◆❉❋
◆ ❑◆❉❊❋ ❚♦■❑ ♦✉ ✈❋❉② ◗♦❑❖ ■◆❍❋❉ ❹ ③◆❺❋ ●❈❉❋ ❍♦ ◆❖❖ ❏◗❋❣
❻❯❼♦♦❺ ❚◆◗♦▲ ❏▲ ❍▼❋ ③❏◗❉♦■◆✈❋ ❈▲❍❏❑ ◗❉❏●t②✐ ◆▲❖ ◗▼♦t ❏▲❍♦ ❍▼❏◗❺
t❏❋◗❋●❯
①❯P✉❍❋❉ q✇ ③❏▲❈❍❋●✐ t❑❈▲❊❋ ❋❊❊● ❏▲ ❍▼❋ ◗♦❑❖ ■◆❍❋❉❯❽▲◗❋ ▲❏◗❋ ◆▲❖
↕♦❍❋➙❨♦❈ ◗◆▲ ❺❋❋t
◗♦❑❖✐ t❋❋❑ ♦✉✉ ❍▼❋ ●▼❋❑❑✐ ◗❈❍ ❍▼❋ ❋❊❊● ❏▲ ▼◆❑✉ ❾❑❋▲❊❍▼■❏●❋❿ ◆▲❖
❑❋✉❍♦✈❋❉● ❏▲ ❍▼❋ ✉❉❏❖❊❋ ✉♦❉
❉❋③♦✈❋ ❍▼❋ ②♦❑❺●❯
❈t ❍♦ ❍▼❉❋❋ ❖◆②●✐ t❉♦✈❏❖❋❖
➂❯➃❏➄ ❍▼❋ ❋❊❊ ②♦❑❺●✐ t❋❋❑❋❖ ◆✈♦◗◆❖♦❋●✐ ❑❏③❋ ④❈❏◗❋✐ ▼♦❍ ●◆❈◗❋ ◆▲❖
❍▼❋② ◆❉❋ ■❋❑❑ ◗♦✈❋❉❋❖
●◆❑❍ ❏▲ ◆ ✉♦♦❖ t❉♦◗❋●●♦❉ ❈▲❍❏❑ ●③♦♦❍▼ ◆▲❖ ◗❉❋◆③②❯
■❏❍▼ t❑◆●❍❏◗ ■❉◆t❯
➅❯➆●❋ ◆ ●③◆❑❑ ●t♦♦▲ ♦❉ t◆●❍❉② ❚◆❊ ❍♦ ●❍❈✉✉ ❍▼❋ ❋❊❊ ▼◆❑✈❋●❯❨♦❈
●▼♦❈❑❖ ▼◆✈❋ ❋▲♦❈❊▼ ●❍❈✉➇▲❊ ❍♦ ③◆❺❋ ✇① ▲❏◗❋ ③♦❈▲❖●❯ ➈❏▲❏●▼
❚② ❍♦tt❏▲❊ ■❏❍▼ ❚◆◗♦▲ ❚❏❍● ◆▲❖ ⑦❍◆❑❏◆▲ t◆❉●❑❋②❯
❛ ② ♣✁✂♣✄✁ ❤❛✈✁ ❜✁✁ ❛☎✆✝ ✞
✐✟ ✠✡☛✠☞✌✍✍☛✎ ✟❢✍☛✡✌☞ ✌✡✡✌✍✏☛✑☛✍✒✓ ✌✡☛
✒✡✌✍✓✟☛✡✌t☞☛ ✟✡✔✑ ✔✍☛ ✟❢✍☛✡✌☞ ✕✔✑☛ ✒✔
✌✍✔✒✕☛✡✳ ✖✕☛ ✓✐✑✠☞☛ ✌✍✓✗☛✡ ✐✓ ✘☛✓✙ ✒✕☛✘ ✌✡☛✳
❆✍✎ ✒✕☛ ✠✡✔✚☛✓✓ ✐✓ ☛✌✓✘✳
❈✛✜✜ ▲♦✢❡✜✛✣✤
❋✥✣❡✦✛✜ ❈✧✛★❡✜
✩♦✤✛✪✱ ✛✣✤ ✜❡✩ ✥✉ ✩✛✫❡ ❝✛✦❡ ✮✯✰ ❯✯✲✴✯ ✵✴✶✯✷✸✹s ✵✺✻✼✮✷✴✺✸
❏❑ ■ ❍ ♦✬ ✩✧❡ ✤❡✩✛❞✜✉ ✬♦✦ ✪♦✥✭ ✽✾✿❀ ❁✴✶✺✷❂ ❙✷❃ ✾❄✽❅❇❉❊❅✾✿●●