✷✠ ➋✡✆☛ ❖☞✌☛ ❱☛
❋ ✁✂❆❨✱ ✄❆ ☎✆ ✝✱ ✞✟✶✾
LOCAL
A look back at notable women in Union County
⑩❶ ❷❸❹❺ ❻❼❽❾❿
➀➁➂ ➃➄➅➂➆➇➂➆
The temperature was fall-
ing toward freezing when
one of the largest late-night
crowds in La Grande’s his-
tory gathered at its railroad
depot eight decades ago.
The date was Sept. 27,
1937, and close to 1,500
people were at the depot
➈➉➊➋ ➌➍➎ ➏➍➉➐➎➑ ➋➌➒➎ ➓ ➊➋➔➊
President Franklin Delano
Roosevelt would change
his mind. Roosevelt was on
a train bound for western
Oregon and Washington that
was scheduled to make a stop
from 10:30 p.m. to 11 p.m. in
La Grande to allow for main-
tenance work. The White
House had announced the
president would not be speak-
ing in La Grande, but still a
crowd had gathered hoping
to get a glimpse of FDR.
The president never ap-
peared, yet the crowd was
➊→➎➔➊➎➑ ➊➌ ➔ ➣➉↔➍➉➐↕➔➍➊ ➋➉➣➙
torical moment.
First Lady Eleanor Roo-
sevelt stepped out onto the
train car platform. She ex-
plained “in her gracious
way” the chief executive was
unable to appear because
he needed to rest following
a long day of travel, accord-
ing to a story in the Sept.
28, 1937, edition of The Ob-
server.
➛➋➎ ➐→➣➊ ➜➔➑➝ ➈➎➍➊ ➌➍ ➊➌
say she was sorry that she
and her husband were forced
to come through this part of
Eastern Oregon after dark.
She said they had hoped to
see the ‘“beauties” of this part
of the country.
The crowd was gracious,
and Eleanor Roosevelt was
presented with a bouquet of
➞➌➈➎→➣ ➟→➌➠ ➊➋➎ ➜➌↕➔➜ ➡➌➠➙
➠➎→↕➉➔➜➡➜➏➢➢➎➟➌→➎➣➋➎ ➈➎➍➊
back into her train car.
Her appearance upstaged
her husband, for the next
day the Observer’s page one
headline about the presi-
dential train visit read “First
Lady Appears at Local Stop.”
No reference was made to
FDR in the secondary head-
line below.
Today, Eleanor Roosevelt
may remain the most famous
woman ever to give a public
address in La Grande. Roos-
evelt, who received countless
honors for her work as a hu-
manitarian with the United
➤➔➊➉➌➍➣ ➔➟➊➎→ ➣➋➎ ➈➔➣ ➐→➣➊
lady, is regarded as one of
the most popular Americans
of all time. A poll of histori-
ans by Reuters and the Daily
Mail news services published
in 2014 ranks Roosevelt as
➊➋➎↔→➎➔➊➎➣➊➐→➣➊➜➔➑➝➉➍➥➍➉➊➙
ed States history.
Eleanor Roosevelt is one
➌➟ ➊➈➌ ➐→➣➊ ➜➔➑➉➎➣ ➊➌ ➋➔➦➎
visited La Grande. The sec-
ond is Jackie Kennedy, who
accompanied her husband,
Massachusetts U.S. Senator
and future president John
F. Kennedy, on a visit to
La Grande in November of
1959. The senator, who had
not yet announced his can-
didacy when he visited La
Grande, was elected presi-
dent a year later.
John Kennedy made at
least two public talks dur-
ing his La Grande visit, but
Jackie gave no presentations,
according to The Observer.
A third woman familiar
with the presidential lime-
light to visit La Grande is
Joan Mondale, wife of for-
mer vice president Walter
Mondale, who served from
1977 to 1981 under President
➧➉➠➠➝ ➡➔→➊➎→➨ ➩➋➎ ➣➒➌➫➎ ➔➊
Eastern Oregon University
(then Eastern Oregon State
jump-start her career re-
ceived in La Grande. This
was apparent on Aug. 24,
1985, when she spoke at
a ceremony celebrating
La Grande’s centennial.
“Throughout my career I
have always clung to the no-
tion that it was my experience
in La Grande that started it all
for me,” Roberts was quoted
as saying in a story in The Ob-
server on Aug. 26, 1985.
Roberts credited Eastern
with having a profound im-
pact on her.
“The presence of Eastern
➯→➎↔➌➍ ➡➌➜➜➎↔➎ ➋➔➑ ➔ ➑→➔➙
➡➌➜➜➎↔➎➭ ➌➍ ➯↕➊➨ ➲➳ ➵➲➲➸➳ ➔➣ ➠➔➊➉↕ ➉➍➞➏➎➍↕➎ ➌➍ ➠➝ ➜➉➟➎➨ ➾
the keynote speaker for the made a decision while living
➯→➎↔➌➍ ➺→➊ ➻➑➏↕➔➊➉➌➍ ➡➌➍➙ here to return to college de-
ference.
“Art teaches us about ex-
cellence and creativity. It
teaches us how to get the best
from ourselves,” said Mon-
dale, a former member of
spite the fact I was married
and had a family,” she said.
“This community gave me
➍➌➊ ➌➍➜➝ ➣➊➔➢➉➜➉➊➝ ➢➏➊ ➌➚➎→➎➑
➠➎ ➔ ↕➋➔➜➜➎➍↔➎➨ ➾➊ ➌➚➎→➎➑ ➠➎
the encouragement I needed,
and I shall be forever grateful
for that.”
➪➌→➍ ➉➍ ➺→➫➔➍➣➔➣ ➡➉➊➝➳
Kansas, in 1923, Roberts was
elected to the state Senate in
1968. Her work in the sen-
ate is credited with helping
get the historic Oregon bottle
bill passed in 1971. The bill
addressed Oregon’s growing
litter problem.
Roberts died in June of
2011 at age 88.
Women trailblazers out-
side the political world with
during two stints over an ap-
proximate four-year period
in the early 1900s.
➩➋➎ ➐→➣➊ ↕➔➠➎ ➊➌ ➘➌➊ ➴➔➫➎ ➼➒➋➉➜➔➑➎➒➜➉➔➎➍↕➝↕➜➒➎➉➑➔➨➌→↔➭➨
❐➌➊➋ ➢➎➜➉➎➦➎➣ ➡➏→→➉➍ ➠➔➝
➵➲➵➷➨ ➡➏→→➉➍ ➠➌➦➎➑ ➊➌ ➘➌➊ have drawn a number of
➴➔➫➎ ➟→➌➠ ➪➔➫➎→ ➡➉➊➝ ➈➋➎→➎ patients to Hot Lake. He ex-
she had also practiced medi- plained having someone like
cine. She stayed at Hot Lake ➡➏→→➉➍ ➌➍ ➣➊➔➚ ➈➌➏➜➑ ➋➔➦➎
to practice medicine in early
for less than a year before
➜➎➔➦➉➍↔ ➟➌→ ➡➋➉↕➔↔➌ ➊➌ ➈➌→➫
there as a physician, accord-
ing to the second edition
of “The Hot Lake Story” by
Richard R. Roth.
➡➏→→➉➍ ➜➎➟➊➡➋➉↕➔↔➌➉➍ ➎➔→➜➝
1911 and returned to Hot
Lake, where she worked un-
til 1914.
➥➍➉➌➍ ➡➌➏➍➊➝ ➊➉➎➣ ➉➍↕➜➏➑➎
➺➠➝ ➡➏→→➉➍➳ ➈➋➌ ➈➔➣ ➌➍➎
➌➟ ➊➋➎ ➐→➣➊➳ ➒➌➣➣➉➢➜➝ ➊➋➎ ➦➎→➝ ➡➏→→➉➍ ↔→➔➑➏➔➊➎➑ ➉➍ ➵➲➷➬
➐→➣➊➳ ➟➎➠➔➜➎ ➒➋➝➣➉↕➉➔➍ ➊➌ ➟→➌➠ ➮➌➠➎➍➱➣ ✃➎➑➉↕➔➜ ➡➌➜➙
practice in the county.
➡➏→→➉➍➳ ➢➌→➍ ➉➍ ➵➶➹➶ ➉➍ ➊➋➎
Payette, Idaho, area, prac-
ticed at Hot Lake Sanitarium
rized to award M.D. degrees,
according to the Encyclope-
dia of Greater Philadelphia
lege of Pennsylvania. The
college, founded in 1850, was
➊➋➎ ➐→➣➊ ➠➎➑➉↕➔➜ ➣↕➋➌➌➜ ➉➍
the world for women autho-
been a great comfort to wom-
en when dealing with issues
➣➒➎↕➉➐↕ ➊➌➊➋➎➉→↔➎➍➑➎→➨
➺➊ ➊➋➔➊ ➊➉➠➎➳ ➡➏→→➉➍ ➏➍➙
doubtedly faced additional
hurdles as a female physician.
“Any woman who ac-
complished the outstanding
achievement of graduating
from a formal medical school
program would often take a
back seat to her male coun-
terparts during the course of
her career regardless of her
abilities,” Roth wrote in his
2008 book.
➊➋➎ ➺➣➣➌↕➉➔➊➎➑ ➡➌➏➍↕➉➜ ➌➟ ➊➋➎
Arts, according to a story in
the Oct. 10, 1992, Observer.
On the statewide politi-
cal scene, the most promi-
nent woman political leader
to emerge from La Grande
was the late Betty Roberts.
A La Grande resident in the
1950s, Roberts made history
in 1982 when she became the
➐→➣➊ ➈➌➠➔➍ ➊➌ ➣➎→➦➎ ➌➍ ➊➋➎
➯→➎↔➌➍ ➩➏➒→➎➠➎➡➌➏→➊➨
The trailblazer was ap-
pointed to the state’s high-
est court three decades after
living in La Grande in the
early 1950s. Roberts settled
here after moving from an-
other part of the state with
her husband, Bill Rice, and
her young children, accord-
ing to a story in the June
2011 edition of The Observer.
Roberts, in 1955, took what
was then an unconventional
step while in La Grande. The
housewife, entering her 30s,
began pursuing an education
degree by enrolling in night
classes at EOU (then Eastern
➯→➎↔➌➍➡➌➜➜➎↔➎➭➨
About a year later, she and
her family moved to Port-
land. Roberts then enrolled
at Portland State University
➼➊➋➎➍ ➽➌→➊➜➔➍➑ ➩➊➔➊➎ ➡➌➜➜➎↔➎➭
and completed her degree
requirements, graduating in
1958. Her life then became
a whirlwind. She began a
teaching career and soon
entered politics, winning
election to the state House of
Representatives in 1964.
Roberts, who later earned a
law degree, was appointed to
➊➋➎➯→➎↔➌➍➩➏➒→➎➠➎➡➌➏→➊➉➍
1982 by Gov. Vic Atiyeh and
served through 1986.
Roberts never forgot the
❚✳① ✴✵✵✶✵✷✳✸✹✺ ✻
❈✼✽✾✿✺✷✺ ❀❁✺✾✳❁✳✷✶✼✸
❝❢❥❦♠♣q❦♣rss
▼❂❃❄ ❅❆❇❉❊ ❋❃●■❊❆❆
◆ ❖P◗
❘❙ ❯ ❏▲◆
❱❲❳❱❨❩❬❭❪
❩❫❴❴❵❜
✈③④ ⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨
➺➻➼➽➾➻➚➪➶➹
➘➼➪➴➷➼➪➚
➬ ➮➼ ➱➪➼✃➴➚
➘➼➪➴➷➼➪➚
❍❡❛t✟✠ ✡✉❡t✱ ☛☛☞☛✌✍ ✎✏✑
✒✓✓✔✕✖✗✘ ✙✚✛✔✕✓✜ ✢✣✤✥✦✧★✩ ✢✣✤✥✦✥✢✩
✢✣✤✥✦✦✦✩ ✢✣✤✥✦✪✧
❑❛②t❡❡✫ ✡✎♥❣✬✐✭❞ ✮❧❡♥❞ ✯✐❧❞ ✰✎✎❞
☛✍ ❧✬ ✢✲★✪✢
❺❻❼❽❾❿ ➀➁❻➂➃ ❺❻➄➅➄➆❼➄➇➁➈ ➉❻❼❽❼➇➊ ❻❾➌➍❼❻❾❿ ➉➍❻❽➎➁❿❾ ➄➏ ➁ ➇❾➐ ➌➍➁➈❼➏➂❼➇➊ ❿➅➁❻➆➉➎➄➇❾ ➄➇ ➁ ➑➒ ➓❺➔→ ➣➑ ↔➄➐➇ ↕➑➙➅➄➃ ➔➛➜→ ❽❻❾↔❼➆
➁➉➉❻➄➀➁➈→ ➝❾➀❼❽❾ ❺❻➄➆❾❽➆❼➄➇➞ ➁➇↔ ❽➄➅❾❿ ➀❼➁ ➅➄➇➆➎➈➂ ➟❼➈➈ ❽❻❾↔❼➆➃ ➠➡➢ ➤➥➦➧➨➩➡➫➦➭ ➯➄➆➁➈ ❺➈➁➇ ➁➇↔ ➇❾➐ ➈❼➇❾ ❻❾➌➍❼❻❾↔➃ ➲➥➫➫➡➳➧ ➤➥➦➧➨➩➡➫➦➭
➯➄➆➁➈ ❺➈➁➇ ➐❼➆➎ ➵➇➈❼➅❼➆❾↔ ❺➈➍❿ ➝➁➆➁ ➁➇↔ ➍➉➊❻➁↔❾ ❾➈❼➊❼➟❼➈❼➆➂ ❻❾➌➍❼❻❾↔➃ ➯➁➸❾❿→ ➏❾❾❿ ➁➇↔ ➁↔↔❼➆❼➄➇➁➈ ❻❾❿➆❻❼❽➆❼➄➇❿ ➁➉➉➈➂➃
❧♠ ♥♣qt✉✈①③ ♣✉④⑤①♣✉t⑥ ⑦⑤♣♣⑧ ①③ ⑨⑩❶❷⑨⑩❸❹⑥
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✇ ✁ þ ♦✂ ✄☎✁✆ ❤✝✞✇
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❚✍✎✏✑✒ ✇✓ ✇✔✏✕ ②✖✗ ✕✖ ❦✏✖✇✘ ❈✙✚✛✜✢✣✤ ✙✤ ✛✢s✥✥ ❜✜✛✦✚✣✛✛ ✭✧★ ✥✦✚✣✛ ✙✤ ❢✣✩✣✤✪ ✥✦✚✣ ✤✣r✜✦✤✣✫✬ P✜✤✮✯s✛✣ ✙❢ ✫✣❞✦✮✣ ❞✦s ✵✰ ✲P✳✴ ✸✵ ✫✙✩✚ ✹✵✺✢✙✚✻✯ ✳✣✻s✦✥ ■✚✛✻s✥✥✢✣✚✻ ❈✙✚✻✤s✮✻ ✭✳■❈✪✴ ✮✤✣✫✦✻ s❛❛✤✙❞s✥ s✚✫ ❉✣❞✦✮✣ P✤✙✻✣✮✻✦✙✚✼
✤✣r✜✦✤✣✫✬ ✽s✿ ✫✜✣ s✻ ✛s✥✣✬ ✲ ✳✣❀✜✥s✻✙✤❁ ❈✙✛✻ ✳✣✮✙❞✣✤❁ ❂✣✣ s❛❛✥✦✣✛❃ ✻✯✦✛ ✦✛ ✚✙✻ s ✻s✿ ✙✤ ❀✙❞✣✤✚✢✣✚✻ ✤✣r✜✦✤✣✫ ✮✯s✤❀✣✬◆✓✇ ❄✗✒✕✖❅✓❇✒✘ ✽✙✻s✥ P✥s✚ s✚✫ ✚✣✩ ✥✦✚✣ ✤✣r✜✦✤✣✫✬ ❊✗❇❇✓✏✕ ❄✗✒✕✖❅✓❇✒✘ ✽✙✻s✥ P✥s✚ ✩✦✻✯ ●✚✥✦✢✦✻✣✫ P✥✜✛ ❉s✻s
s✚✫ ✜❛❀✤s✫✣ ✣✥✦❀✦❜✦✥✦✻❁ ✤✣r✜✦✤✣✫✬ ●✚✥✦✢✦✻✣✫ P✥✜✛ ❉s✻s P✥s✚✭✛✪ ✩✦✥ s✜✻✙✢s✻✦✮s✥✥❁ ✛✯✦❢✻ ✻✙ ✧❍ ✩✯✣✚ ✣s✮✯ ✥✦✚✣ ✤✣s✮✯✣✛ ✧★❍❏✬ ✲✫✫✦✻✦✙✚s✥ ❢✣✣✛✴ ✻s✿✣✛✴ ✻✣✤✢✛✴ ✮✙✚✫✦✻✦✙✚✛ s✚✫ ✮✙❞✣✤s❀✣ s✤✣s✛ ✢s❁ s❛❛✥❁ s✚✫ ❞s✤❁ ❜❁ ❛✥s✚✴ ✛✣✤❞✦✮✣
s✚✫ ❛✯✙✚✣✬ ❑❢❢✣✤✛ ❞s✥✦✫ s✻ ❛s✤✻✦✮✦❛s✻✦✚❀ ✥✙✮s✻✦✙✚✛ ✙✚✥❁ s✚✫ ✮s✚✚✙✻ ❜✣ ✮✙✢❜✦✚✣✫✬ ❉✣❞✦✮✣ P✤✙✻✣✮✻✦✙✚✼ ✛✻s✤✻✛ s✻ ✸▲✬▲▲▼✢✙✚✻✯ ❛✣✤ ✛✢s✤✻❛✯✙✚✣✬ ✲ ✛✣✤❞✦✮✣ ❢✣✣▼✫✣✫✜✮✻✦❜✥✣ ❛✣✤ s❛❛✤✙❞✣✫ ✮✥s✦✢ s❛❛✥✦✣✛✬ ◗✙✜ ✢s❁ ✮s✚✮✣✥ s✚❁✻✦✢✣✬
P✤✙❛✣✤✻❁ ✦✚✛✜✤s✚✮✣ ✦✛ ✜✚✫✣✤✩✤✦✻✻✣✚ ❜❁ ✲✢✣✤✦✮s✚ ❏s✚❘✣✤✛ ■✚✛✜✤s✚✮✣ ❈✙✢❛s✚❁ ✙❢ ❂✥✙✤✦✫s s✚✫ ❛✤✙❞✦✫✣✫ ✜✚✫✣✤ s ❙s✛✻✣✤ P✙✥✦✮❁ ✦✛✛✜✣✫✻✙ ●✬♦✬ ❈✣✥✥✜✥s✤✬ ◗✙✜ ✩✦✥ ❜✣ ✻✯✣ ✮✣✤✻✦❢✦✮s✻✣ ✯✙✥✫✣✤ ✙✚ ●✬♦✬ ❈✣✥✥✜✥s✤❯✛ ❙s✛✻✣✤ P✙✥✦✮❁ ❢✙✤ ✥✙✛✛▼
✻✯✣❢✻ ❜✣✚✣❢✦✻✛✬ ♦✣✤❞✦✮✣ ❈✙✚✻✤s✮✻ ❑❜✥✦❀✙✤ ✦✛ ❂✣✫✣✤s✥ ❲s✤✤s✚✻❁ ♦✣✤❞✦✮✣ ❈✙✤❛✙✤s✻✦✙✚ ✦✚ s✥✥ ✛✻s✻✣✛ ✣✿✮✣❛✻ ❈✲ ✭♦✜✤✣✩s❁✴ ■✚✮✬✪ s✚✫ ❑❳ ✭✲✛✛✜✤s✚✻ ♦✣✤❞✦✮✣ P✤✙✻✣✮✻✦✙✚✴ ■✚✮✬✪✬ ❩✦✢✦✻s✻✦✙✚✛ s✚✫ ✣✿✮✥✜✛✦✙✚✛ s❛❛✥❁✬ ♦✣✣ s✚ s✛✛✙✮✦s✻✣ ✙✤
❜✤✙✮✯✜✤✣ ❢✙✤ ✮✙✢❛✥✣✻✣ ✫✣✻s✦✥✛✬ ❬✗✔❭✎❪②✎✏✑ ❫❅✔❇✕❴✍✖✏✓✘ ❑❢❢✣✤ s❛❛✥✦✣✛ ✻✙ ❜s✛✣✺✢✙✫✣✥ s✚✫ ✢✣✢✙✤❁ ✛✢s✤✻❛✯✙✚✣✛ ✙✚✥❁✬ ❵❪❪✓❇✘ ★✵✰ ✙❢❢ ✻✯✣ ✮✜✤✤✣✚✻ ❢✜✥✥ ✤✣✻s✦✥ ❛✤✦✮✣ ✙❢ r✜s✥✦❢❁✦✚❀ ✛✢s✤✻❛✯✙✚✣ ✩✦✥ ✮✙✢✣ ❞✦s ✢✙✚✻✯✥❁ ❜✦✥ ✮✤✣✫✦✻✬ ❏✦✥
✮✤✣✫✦✻ s❛❛✥✦✣✫ ✩✦✻✯✦✚ ✻✯✤✣✣ ❜✦✥ ✮❁✮✥✣✛ s✚✫ ✣✚✫✛ ✩✯✣✚ ❜s✥s✚✮✣ ✦✛ ❛s✦✫✬ ❩✦✚✣ ✢✜✛✻ ✤✣✢s✦✚ ✦✚ ❀✙✙✫ ✛✻s✚✫✦✚❀ ✩✦✻✯ ✤✣r✜✦✤✣✫ ❛✤✦✮✣ ❛✥s✚ ❢✙✤ ✣✚✻✦✤✣ ✹✵✺✢✙✚✻✯ ✳■❈✬ ❈✜✛✻✙✢✣✤ ✢s❁ ✥✙✛✣ ❜✦✥ ✮✤✣✫✦✻ ✦❢ ❛✤✦✮✣ ❛✥s✚ ✦✛ ✮✯s✚❀✣✫✬ ■✚ ✻✯✣
✣❞✣✚✻ ✙❢ ✮s✚✮✣✥✥s✻✦✙✚ ✙❢ ✛✣✤❞✦✮✣✴ ✮✜✛✻✙✢✣✤ ✩✦✥✥ ❜✣ ✤✣✛❛✙✚✛✦❜✥✣ ❢✙✤ ✻✯✣ ✣✚✻✦✤✣ ✳■❈ ❜s✥s✚✮✣✬ ✽✯✣ ✣s✤✥❁ ✜❛❀✤s✫✣ ❛✤✙❀✤s✢ ✦✛ ✚✙✻ s❞s✦✥s❜✥✣ ✩✦✻✯ ✻✯✦✛ ✙❢❢✣✤✬ ❝✔✏✒✔✒ ❊✗✒✕✖❅✓❇✒✘ ■✚ s✤✣s✛ ✦✚ ✩✯✦✮✯ ●✬♦✬ ❈✣✥✥✜✥s✤ ✤✣✮✣✦❞✣✛ ✛✜❛❛✙✤✻ ❢✤✙✢
✻✯✣ ❂✣✫✣✤s✥ ●✚✦❞✣✤✛s✥ ♦✣✤❞✦✮✣ ❂✜✚✫✴ s✥✥ ✤✣s✛✙✚s❜✥✣ ✤✣r✜✣✛✻✛ ❢✙✤ ✛✣✤❞✦✮✣ ✢✜✛✻ ❜✣ ✢✣✻✬ ●✚✤✣✛✙✥❞✣✫ r✜✣✛✻✦✙✚✛ ✮✙✚✮✣✤✚✦✚❀ ✛✣✤❞✦✮✣✛ s❞s✦✥s❜✦✥✦✻❁ ✮s✚ ❜✣ ✫✦✤✣✮✻✣✫ ✻✙ ✻✯✣ ❳s✚✛s✛ ❈✙✤❛✙✤s✻✦✙✚ ❈✙✢✢✦✛✛✦✙✚ ❑❢❢✦✮✣ ✙❢ P✜❜✥✦✮ ✲❢❢s✦✤✛
s✚✫ ❈✙✚✛✜✢✣✤ P✤✙✻✣✮✻✦✙✚ s✻ ❡✺❣✵✵✺❤❤✧✺✵✵✧✐✬ ❩✦✢✦✻✣✫✺✻✦✢✣ ✙❢❢✣✤✬ ❲✯✦✥✣ ✛✜❛❛✥✦✣✛ ✥s✛✻✬ ✽✤s✫✣✢s✤❘✛ s✚✫ ✻✤s✫✣ ✚s✢✣✛ s✤✣ ✻✯✣ ❛✤✙❛✣✤✻❁✙❢ ✻✯✣✦✤ ✤✣✛❛✣✮✻✦❞✣ ✙✩✚✣✤✛✬ ♦✣✣ ✛✻✙✤✣ ✙✤ ✜✛✮✣✥✥✜✥s✤✬✮✙✢ ❢✙✤ ✫✣✻s✦✥✛✬ ❥✧✵❡▲ ●✬♦✬ ❈✣✥✥✜✥s✤