The Observer. (La Grande, Or.) 1968-current, February 18, 2019, Page 2, Image 2

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    ✷☛ ➋☞✌☎ ✆❖☎✝❱☎✝
Lawyers question county’s authority over public land
D AILY
P LANNER
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✈❖❚❚❷➼◗
ì
Bill Harvey gives a rueful
chuckle as he leafs through
an article in a legal jour-
nal whose authors argue
that Baker County’s natural
resources plan greatly over-
states the county’s authority
over managing public lands
within its borders.
It’s not that Harvey, who
recently started his second
four-year term as chairman
of the county’s three-mem-
ber Board of Commissioners,
is particularly amused by the
topic.
ticle he has read that chal-
lenges his contentions about
federal agencies that manage
the public land that makes up
about 51 percent of the coun-
ty’s 2 million acres.
And his minor degree of
mirth derives from the reality
that multiple attorneys have
written what he believes are
misleading interpretations of
how much power the county
actually claims for itself.
“We don’t have supremacy
over the (public) land,” Har-
vey said Thursday from his
fully understand that (fed-
eral agencies) are in charge of
managing the land. But Con-
gress gave us the authority to
help plan the management of
these lands, to be a part of the
planning process.”
The authority Harvey re-
fers is known as “coordina-
tion.”
As outlined in federal law,
coordination states that fed-
eral agencies such as the
Forest Service and BLM will
to make sure management
of public land is consistent
with the goals outlined in, for
instance, a county’s natural
resources plan.
The law notes, however,
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tent does not supersede the
requirement that public land
be managed in accordance
with environmental laws
such as the Endangered Spe-
cies Act and Clean Water Act.
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instance, if an agency would
have to violate a federal law
to be consistent with a county
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ò ó ôõöõ÷ øùýù
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not the county plan, would
dictate the agency’s decision.
Coordination has been a
centerpiece of Harvey’s po-
ùú
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ò ø ôõöõ÷ ûùúùóùü
ò óú ôõöõ÷ þùýùüùý
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ran for his current position in
2014, and it’s also the subject
of the article that sits on his
desk, many sections of which
he has highlighted in brilliant
yellow.
The article, “‘Coordinat-
ing’ with the Federal Gov-
ernment: Assessing County
❶③❣❝❩❪ ❩❣ ♥❣❫❩❝❣✈ ❷❵✐❭❪❭❣❫❢
making on Public Lands,”
was published in 2017 in the
Public Land and Resources
Law Review.
The authors are Michael
C. Blumm and James A. Fra-
ser of Lewis and Clark Law
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♣❋♦t♦s ●♦❍ ■❧❧✉st❍❛t■♦❏ ♦❏❧②
School in Portland.
A story last week in The
Blue Mountain Eagle news-
❸❞❸❵❝ ❭❫ ❹❣❬❫ ❷❞❥ ✐❭❩❵⑨
Blumm’s and Fraser’s article,
in reference to Grant County
commissioners’ discussion
about their county employ-
ing coordination.
The attorneys’ article fo-
cuses on Baker County’s nat-
ural resources plan, which
county commissioners ad-
opted on July 20, 2016, and
the county’s claims about co-
ordination.
In a summary of the arti-
cle, Blumm and Fraser write,
referring to Baker County’s
plan, that “most of its provi-
sions are preempted by fed-
eral law and, therefore, un-
enforceable.”
The authors also contend
that Baker County’s plan,
and similar ones in other
counties, “mislead their sup-
porters into believing the
plans are enforceable.”
But Harvey contends that
that word “mislead” is more
appropriate for Blumm’s and
Fraser’s article.
Harvey said the county’s
natural resources plan is not
intended to assert that the
county can dictate to federal
agencies how they manage
public land.
He argues that a reason-
able and thorough reading of
the 48-page plan would show
that although the county con-
siders the management of
those public lands critically
important to the county’s
economy and culture, there
❞❝❵ ⑨❵❜❫❵⑨⑩ ❞❫⑨ ❝❵✐❣⑧❫❭❺❵⑨⑩
limits on the county’s ability
❩❣ ❭❫❦❨❵❫✐❵ ⑥❵⑨❵❝❞✈ ❞⑧❵❫✐❭❵❪❴
decisions.
“The federal government
is in charge of managing the
lands,” Harvey said. “The
(natural resources) plan is a
guideline. It doesn’t set fed-
eral law, but it says how we
want those lands to be man-
aged.”
Harvey points to several
references in Blumm’s and
Fraser’s articles which imply
⑦ ❤❝❣❫⑧✈❥⑩ ❭❫ ❻❞❝❼❵❥❴❪ ❼❭❵❤
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ed a level of authority which
he agrees does not exist.
As an example, he men-
tions the section of the
county plan that says roads
❞✐✐❵❪❪❭❫⑧ ❞❨❩❬❣❝❭❺❵⑨ ❨❪❵❪ ❣⑥
❸❨④✈❭✐ ✈❞❫⑨⑩ ❪❨✐❬ ❞❪ ⑧❝❞❺❭❫⑧
allotments, “shall remain
open.”
Blumm and Fraser write
that “These provisions sug-
gest that the county has com-
plete authority to regulate
travel routes across public
lands.”
But Harvey said the county
has not, and does not, claim
to have such sweeping au-
thority.
That section of the plan, he
said, refers not to all roads,
but only to roads that either
access uses on public land,
❪❨✐❬ ❞❪ ⑧❝❞❺❭❫⑧⑩ ❩❬❞❩ ❩❬❵ ⑥❵⑨❢
eral agencies have already
approved, or that lead to pri-
vate property.
The attorneys’ article also
cites a section of the county
plan dealing with logging
on public land. That section
states that “the county’s for-
est resources must be gov-
erned in the best interest of
✈❣✐❞✈ ✐❭❩❭❺❵❫❪ ❤❬❭✈❵ ❸❝❣❽❣❩❢
ing the healthy of the forests.”
The attorneys write that
“These provisions suggest
that local needs are superior
to the needs of other pub-
lic land users, when in fact,
all Americans hold an equal
claim of ownership to federal
land.”
Harvey doesn’t dispute
that public lands belong to all
Americans.
But he said the section of
the plan cited in the article
isn’t intended to argue that
federal agencies must, for
instance, cut trees on pub-
lic land solely because that’s
④❵❫❵❜✐❭❞✈ ❩❣ ❩❬❵ ✈❣✐❞✈ ❵✐❣❫❢
omy and because the county
insists it’s necessary.
The point of that state-
ment, Harvey said, is to ac-
knowledge that although
county residents have no
special legal rights regard-
ing the management of pub-
lic lands within the county’s
borders, they tend to be more
“We’re not going to get
everything we want, 100 per-
cent,” Harvey said. “But I’m
certainly not going to settle
for 10 percent.”
Although some of what
Harvey argues are mislead-
ing parts in Blumm’s and
Fraser’s article might be
gives the county anything
resembling veto power over
federal agencies.
If that were the case, Har-
vey said, then he would likely
advocate for the county to
❜✈❵ ✈❵⑧❞✈ ✐❬❞✈✈❵❫⑧❵❪ ❣❼❵❝ ❵❼❢
ery decision federal agencies
make that doesn’t fully sat-
isfy every goal listed in the
county’s plan.
But that hasn’t happened,
and the reason, he said, is
that he and his fellow com-
missioners, Mark Bennett
and Bruce Nichols, under-
stand the limits the county
has on managing public land.
❞❩❩❝❭④❨❩❵⑨ ❩❣ ❪❵❽❞❫❩❭✐❪ ⑦
hence the attorneys’ writing
that aspects of the county
plan “appear to” or “suggest”
that the county is claiming
❞❨❩❬❣❝❭❩❥ ❭❩ ✈❞✐✉❪ ⑦ ❩❬❵❝❵ ❞❝❵
examples where the two po-
sitions are diametrically op-
posed.
ôõö÷øùúû
üýþ ûöÿ ÿý
❛ ö ❛ ÷ÿ ùö ✁
ø÷ ❛♣ ö ✂
➱✃❐❒❮ ❰ÏÐÑÒ ÓÔÕÖ×ØÕ
ÙÙÚÛ ÜÝÞßàá âãäå
æçèéä êëë
ìß íîßàáä
ïêðñòòóñëóëë
●
❏▼◆
◗❘❯❳❩❬
❭❪❫❪◆ ✈❪❫
❴❵❪
❜
❞❢❣✐❥❦❥❧♠♥♥♥
♣r❦s❞♥♥♥
❜ ♣✉♥♥♥
➄➅➅
➆➇➈➉ ➊➋➌➌➅
⑨❭❝❵✐❩✈❥ ❞③❵✐❩❵⑨ ④❥ ❽❞❫❞⑧❵❢
ment decisions simply be-
cause those lands are, quite
literally in some cases, in
their backyards.
“We don’t have supremacy
over the land, but we care for
it to protect a resource for ev-
eryone,” Harvey said.
The attorneys do quote
passages from the county’s
natural resources plan with
❽❣❝❵ ❪❸❵✐❭❜✐ ❞❫⑨ ⑨❭❝❵✐❩ ✈❞❫❢
guage regarding the relation-
ship between the county and
federal agencies.
For instance, the section
titled “Watersheds” states
that “Baker County shall di-
rect the US Forest Service,
Bureau of Lanagement Man-
agement... to manage the wa-
tershed, including municipal
watersheds, to meet the mul-
tiple needs of residents and
promote health forests.”
The attorneys contend
that this brand of “manda-
❩❣❝❥ ✈❞❫⑧❨❞⑧❵❾ ⑦ ❩❬❵ ✐❣❨❫❩❥
directing to federal agencies
how they must manage wa-
❩❵❝❪❬❵⑨❪ ⑦ ✐❣❨✈⑨ ❭❽❸✈❥ ❩❣
residents that coordination
gives county commissioners
“greater power over federal
land planning and manage-
ment decisions. These sug-
gestions are erroneous in-
terpretations of the county’s
role in federal law.”
Harvey concedes that the
county’s plan expresses, in
direct terms, the county’s pri-
orities for managing public
land within its borders.
But he reiterates his point
that, however the authors in-
terpret passages in the plan,
he doesn’t believe that the
plan, or the coordination law,
➍➎➏➌➐➎➌➏
➸➺➻➼
❙✝✞✟✠✡☛ ☛☞ ✌✍✌✎✏✌✞✎✏✎☛✑✒ ✓✠✔☛✕✎✡☛✎☞✖✔ ✌✗✗✏✑✒ ✘✖☛✠✕✖✠☛ ✖☞☛
✗✕☞✍✎♣✠♣ ✞✑ ✙✘❙✚ ✌✖♣ ✛✎✏✏ ✞✠ ✞✎✏✏✠♣ ✔✠✗✌✕✌☛✠✏✑✒
❺❻❼
❽❾❿➀➀➁➂➃
➠➡➢➤➥➦➧➨➩ ➫➭➯ ➲➳➵
✇①②② ③④⑤①⑥
⑦⑧⑨⑩ ❶❷❸❹
➑➒➓➔ ➓→➣↔ ↕➙➛➜➙➛➝➟
➽➾➚➪➶➹➘ ➴➪➷➬ ➮ ➱✃➾❐ ❒❐➪❮✃ ➹❰➾❐➾➶➷✃✃ ➴➪➷➬ ÏÐÑ➮Ò ➘➷➾❐➷➪➶➹ ➾➷ ÓÔÕÖÕÕ ❮×Ø❒➾❐✃Ù ➷× ✃➚✃❐ ➱Ù➾➱ ❒❐➪❮✃Ö ÏÚÚ ×Û✃❐➘ ❐✃Ü❰➪❐✃ ❮❐✃Ù➪➷ Ü❰➾Ú➪Ý❮➾➷➪×➶Þ ➮ ➱✃➾❐ ❮×ØØ➪➷Ø✃➶➷ ➴➪➷➬ ✃➾❐Ú➱ ➷✃❐Ø➪➶➾➷➪×➶ ß✃✃ ➾➶Ù ✃Ï❰➷×à➾➱Ö áâãäåæ ãçäèéêå ëìííåâ îéì ïìâ ðéñèãïòãçó
äéæôìõåâæö ëìííåâ÷ ëìííåâ øù úèãçó ìâ ëìííåâ û üýùõìö õìâåö þíïâìçô ïååæ õñò ñííèò ÿñæåê ìç äâåêãô ðéñèã ❝ äñôãìçö ååæ ñííèò ïìâ ñêêãôãìçñè ✥✁ æ ✂ ëìííåâ ü ✄ ýùõìö÷ ☎ ìåò üýùõìö÷ úéíåâ ☎ ìåò ü ✄✆ ùõìö
✤✥❖✦✧
★✩✪
✫✬
★✭✮✯
★✪
✎✏✑✒❨ ✓
✬✭✰✪✫✲
✎✔❈✎✕✖✗✒✏✘✙
❙✎✚❱✗❈✎❙ ✛✚✒✜ ✘✖✢✖✣
❲❑▲◆P◆◗◗
❥❑❦❥ ◗❧◆◆♠ ❑qr◆▲q◆r
✙ ❃♦✣✢★✢t✛✣t❂♥ ❘✧✢t ✢❱✛✛❞✢✳
✙ ❚✚✛ ✜✛✢t ✣✛t✇♦✥✦ ✧❝❝♦✥❞★✣✩ t♦
❃♦✣✣✛❝t★♦✣ ✇★t✚ ♦❳✛✥ ❡❡❨ ✥✛❂★✧✜★❂★t♥✳
❆✪✛✥★❝✧✫✢ ✜★✩✩✛✢t t✛✢t✳
❇✬✭✮✯ ✰✱ ✲✴✵ ❖✱✮✵✶✰✷✮✵✮♣✸✹ ✺✻✼✽✹ ❊✾✶✿❀✯✮✭ ✶✷✰❁✯ ✭✰❀✷✶✮✯ ✭✸❀✯s✮✭✹
✬✱✯ ✬ ❁s✷✮✯ ✶✰✱✱✮✶✸s✰✱ ✸✰ ✲✬✸✮❁✬②✹
✙ ❯✣❂★✪★t✛❞ ❝✧❂❂✢ t♦ ❃✧✣✧❞✧
✧✣❞ ▼✛❄★❝♦✳ ❅
✙ ❆❚❩❚ ❬✣t✛✥✣✛t ★✢ ❭❈ ★✣ ❝■✢t♦✪✛✥
✢✧t★✢❘✧❝t★♦✣ ♦❳✛✥ ♦t✚✛✥ ✪✧❪♦✥ ❝✧✜❂✛
❏
✙ ❯✣❂★✪★t✛❞ t✛❄t✢ t♦ ❈❉●❍ ❝♦■✣t✥★✛✢✳
❬✣t✛✥✣✛t ❱✥♦❳★❞✛✥✢✳
❫✿✬s❴ ❵✬✭✮✯ ✰✱ ✺✻✼✽ ❛❫✵❜ ✭❀✷❢✮② ✰❣ ✶❀✭✸✰❴✮✷✭ ✷✬✸s✱❤ ✸✐✮s✷ ✰❁✱ ❜✱✸✮✷✱✮✸
♣✷✰❢s✯✮✷➆✭ ♣✮✷❣✰✷❴✬✱✶✮✹
♠❑▲◆✉r✈
✙ ①✛t ✧❝❝✛✢✢ t♦ ❈③③❍ ❂★❳✛ ✧✣❞ ❂♦❝✧❂
❝✚✧✣✣✛❂✢④ ✇★t✚ t✚♦■✢✧✣❞✢ ♦❘ ✢✚♦✇✢
⑤
✧✣❞ ✪♦❳★✛✢ ♦✣ ❞✛✪✧✣❞✳ ✴s✸✐ ✵❊⑥❊❫⑦⑧ ⑨✬✶⑩✬❤✮✹
✙ ❶t✥✛✧✪ ♦✣ ■❱ t♦ ③ ✢❝✥✛✛✣✢ ✧t t✚✛ ✢✧✪✛
❻
t★✪✛ ✇★t✚ t✚✛ ❷❬❸❹❃❚❺ ❆❱❱✳ ❫✰✱✸✮✱✸❼✶✐✬✱✱✮✿✭❼
❣❀✱✶✸s✰✱✬✿s✸② ❢✬✷②✹ ❽✬✸✬ ❀✭ ✬❤✮ ✶✐ ✬✷❤✮✭ ❴✬② ✬♣♣✿②✹ ❾
✙ ❿✣✛ ➀❷ ❷❺❸ ❝♦✣✣✛❝t✢ ♥♦■✥ ✇✚♦❂✛
➁
✚♦✪✛✳ ❛✯✯➂✿ ✮➃❀s♣✹ ✷✮➃➂✯✹ ❛✯✯➂✿ ➄ ❛✯❢✬✱✶✮✯ ➅✮✶✮s❢✮✷ ❣✮✮✭ ✬♣♣✿②✹
➇➈➉➉ ➊➋➌ ➍➎➏ ➍➐➑ ➍➒➓➔→ ➊➣↔→ ↕➍➙ ➛➎➐→➍➜➜➍→➝➓➎➞
■✴ ✵✶✷✷✸✹t
❍✸✺✻✽✾✿❀ ❁❁❂
❃❄❄❅❄❆❇❅❇❄❋❃
➟➠➡➢➤➥➦➧➨➩ ➥➫➭ ➯➠➤➲➨➩➠ ➤➠➯➳➤➨➩➳➨➡➫➯ ➥➦➦➵➸➳➡ ➺➻➲➠➤➯➠ ➯➠➤➲➨➩➠➯➼ ➽➥➵➵ ➡➤➲➨➯➨➳ ➥➳➳➼➩➡➾➚➪➲➠➤➯➠ ➳➡ ➲➠➤➨➶➸ ➠➵➨➢➨➹➨➵ ➨➳➸➼ ➘ ➴➷➬➮➱➮✃❐❒ ✃❮➬❰Ï Ð➧➡➫➠➯ ➡➫➵➸➼ Ñ➫➩➵➪➭➠➯ ➩➥➵➵➯ ➶➤➡➾ ➥➫➭➳➡ Ò➽ÓÔ Õ➠Ö➨➩➡ ➥➫➭ ➽➥➫➥➭➥➼ ×ØÙÚÛ ÜÝÞßØÛàÚáÏ Ð➠➤➻➾➨➫➪➳➠ ➦➥➸➻➦➠➤➻➪➯➠ ➤➥➳➠➯ ➥➦➦➵➸ ➪➫➵➠➯➯ ➸➡➪ ➧➥➲➠ ➥➫ Ñ➫➳➠➤➫➥➳➨➡➫➥➵ â➡➫➢ Ò➨➯➳➥➫➩➠ ➯➠➤➲➨➩➠ ➦➥➩ã➥➢➠➼ ä➥➳➠➯ ➯➪➹å➠➩➳ ➳➡ ➩➧➥➫➢➠ æ➚➡➫➡➳➨➩➠➼ ç➡➤ ➤➥➳➠➯Ô➯➠➠ ➥➳➳➼➩➡➾➚æ➡➤➵➭➩➡➫➫➠➩➳➼ ➴➷➬➮➱➮✃❐❒ ✃❐è✃Ïé➳➥➫➭➥➤➭ Õ➠➯➯➥➢➨➫➢
ê Ð➧➡➫➠➯ ➡➫➵➸➼ ä➠ë➪➨➤➠➯ ➩➡➾➦➥➳➨➹➵➠ ➭➠➲➨➩➠➼ Ñ➫➩➵➪➭➠➯ ➪➫➵➨➾ ➨➳➠➭➾➠➯➯➥➢➠➯ ➪➦➳➡ ìÕí ➨➫ ➯➨î➠ æ➨➳➧➨➫ Ò➽Ó ➳➡ ➾➡➤➠ ➳➧➥➫ ìïð ➩➡➪➫➳➤➨➠➯ ➶➡➤➳➠Ö➳ ➾➠➯➯➥➢➠➯ ➥➫➭ ìñð ➩➡➪➫➳➤➨➠➯ ➶➡➤ ➦➨➩➳➪➤➠ ò➲➨➭➠➡ ➾➠➯➯➥➢➠➯➼ Óóòó ➾➥➸➥➭➭Ô➩➧➥➫➢➠ ò ➤➠➾➡➲➠ ➨➫➩➵➪➭➠➭➩➡➪➫➳➤➨➠➯➥➳ ➨➳➯ ➭➨➯➩➤➠➳➨➡ ➫ æ➚➡ ➫➡➳➨➩➠➼ Õ➠➯➯➥➢➠➯ ➯➠➫➳ ➳➧➤➡➪➢➧ ➥➦➦➵➨➩➥➳➨➡➫➯ ➾➥➸ ➨➫➩➪➤ ➭➥➳➥ ➡➤➡➳➧➠➤➩➧➥➤➢➠➯➼ é➠➠ ➥➳➳➼➩➡➾➚➳➠Ö➳ñæ➡➤➵➭ ➶➡➤ ➭➠➳➥➨➵➯➼ ❮ôõöß÷Úô ➱ÚááöøàßøÏé➠➫➭➠➤➥➫➭ ➤➠➩➨➦➨➠➫➳ù➯ú
➾➪➯➳ ➹➠ Óóòó ➦➡➯➳➦➥➨➭ æ➨➤➠➵➠➯➯ ➩➪➯➳➡➾➠➤➯ æ➨➳➧ ûÒ ü➡➨➩➠ ➥➩➩➡➪➫➳➯Ô➩➥➦➥➹➵➠ ➭➠➲➨➩➠➯Ô ➧➥➲➠ ➳➧➠➨➤ ➭➠➲➨➩➠➯ ➳➪➤➫➠➭ ➡➫ ò ➹➠ æ➨➳➧➨➫ Óóòó➻➡æ➫➠➭ ➥➫➭➻➡➦➠➤➥➳➠➭ Ò➽Ó ù➠Ö➩➵➪➭➠➯ ➳➧➨➤➭➻➦➥➤➳➸➩➡➲➠➤➥➢➠ ò ➪➯➠ ➨➫ Õ➠Ö➨➩➡➚➽➥➫➥➭➥ú➼ Ñ➫➩➵➪➭➠➯ ➪➫➵➨➾➨➳➠➭ ➾➠➯➯➥➢➠➯ ➪➦➳➡ ìðÕí ➨➫ ➯➨î➠➼ ý➳➧➠➤ ➤➠➯➳➤➨➩➳➨➡➫➯ ➥➦➦➵➸ ò➩➥➫ ➹➠ ➶➡➪➫➭➥➳ ➥➳➳➼➩➡➾➚➥➭➲➥➫➩➠➭➾➠➯➯➥➢➨➫➢➼ þ❐➷ÿ ❲ ➮ ❐➬❐ ✁✁ ✁✂ ÜÏé➪➹å➼ ➳➡ ✄ ➨➤➠➵➠➯➯ ➽➪➯➳➡➾➠➤Ó➢➾➳ ù➥➳➳➼➩➡➾➚æ➩➥ú➼ ➽➤➠➭➨➳ ➥➦➦➤➡➲➥➵
➤➠ë➪➨➤➠➭➼ é➲➩➯ ➫➡➳ ➶➡ ➤ ➤➠➯➥➵➠➼ ❒Ú ❉ ÝáàØÏ Õ➥➸ ➥➦➦➵➸➼ ➬à ▲ àØáÏ Ð➪➤➩➧➼ ò➵➨➫➠ ➵➨➾ ➨➳➯ ➥➦➦➵➸➼ Ð➤➨➩➠➯ ➾➥➸➲➥➤➸ ➹➸ ➵➡➩➥➳➨➡➫➼ ó➥Ö➠➯Ô ➶➠➠➯Ô➾➡➫➳➧➵➸ ➥➫➭ ➡➳➧➠➤ ➩➧➥➤➢➠➯Ô ➪➯➥➢➠Ô ➯➦➠➠➭Ô ➩➡➲➠➤➥➢➠ ò➡➳➧➠➤ ➤➠➯➳➤ ❡ ➯ ➥➦➦➵➸ ➦➠➤ ➵➨➫➠➼ é➠➠ ➥➳➳➼➩➡➾➚➥➭➭➨➳➨➡ ➫➥➵➩➧➥➤➢➠➯ ➶➡➤ ➭➠➳➥➨➵➯ ➡➫ ➶➠➠➯ ò➩➧➥➤➢➠➯➼ Ð➤➡➾➡➳➨➡➫➯Ô ➳➠➤➾➯ ò ➤➠➯➳➤ ❡ ➯ ➯➪➹å➠➩➳ ➳➡ ➩➧➥➫➢➠ ò➾➥➸ ➹➠ ➾➡➭➨ ❤ ➠➭➡➤ ➳➠➤➾➨➫➥➳➠➭➥➳ ➥➫➸➳➨➾➠ æ➨➳➧➡➪➳ ➫➡➳➨➩➠➼ Ñ➫➳➠➤➫➥➳➨➡➫➥➵ ➥➫➭ ➭➡➾➠➯➳➨➩ ➡ ☎ ➻➫➠➳ ➭➥➳➥ ➾➥➸ ➹➠ ➥➳ ñ➟
➯➦➠➠➭➯➼ Óóòó ➯➠➤➲➨➩➠ ➨➯ ➯➪➹å➠➩➳ ➳➡ Óóòó ➫➠➳æ➡➤ã ➾➥➫➥➢➠➾➠➫➳ ➦➡➵➨➩ ➨➠➯➼ é➠➠ ➥➳➳➼➩➡➾➚➹➤➡➥➭➹➥➫➭➨➫➶➡ ➶➡➤ ➭➠➳➥➨➵➯➼ ñ Ó➩➩➠➯➯ ➳➡ ➥➲➥➨➵➥➹➵➠ ÒÑä ✆ ➽óü ý➫ Ò➠➾➥➫➭ ➦➤➡➢➤➥➾➾➨➫➢ ➹➥➯➠➭ ➡➫ ➦➥➩ã➥➢➠ ➯➠➵➠➩➳➨➡➫➼ Ó➩➳➪➥➵ ➫➪➾➹➠➤ ➡➶ ➯➧➡æ➯ ➥➫➭ ➾➡➲➨➠➯ æ➨➵➵ ➲➥➤➸➼ Ó➭➭➨➳ ➨➡➫➥➵ ➶➠➠➯ ➥➦➦➵➸ ➶➡➤ ➫➠æ ➤➠➵➠➥➯➠➯ ➥➫➭ ➩➠➤➳➥➨➫ ➵➨➹➤➥➤➸ ➳➨➳➵➠➯➼ ➽➡➾➦➥➳➨➹➵➠ ➠ë➪➨➦➾➠➫➳ ➥➫➭ ➹➤➡➥➭➹➥➫➭ Ñ➫➳➠➤➫➠➳ ➯➠➤➲➨➩➠ æ➨➳➧ ➯➦➠➠➭➯ ➡➶ ✼✝ ð ❑ ➹➦➯ ➡➤ ➧➨➢➧➠➤ ➤➠ë➪➨➤➠➭➼ Ò➡æ➫➵➡➥➭➨➫➢ ý➫
Ò➠➾➥➫➭ ➩➡➫➳➠➫➳ ➾➥➸➩➡➪➫➳ ➥➢➥➨➫➯➳ ➸➡➪➤ ➭➥➳➥ ➦➵➥➫ ➥➵➵➡æ➥➫➩➠➼ ü➨➯➨➳ ➭➨➤➠➩➳➲➼➩➡➾➚➾➡➲➨➠➯ ➶➡➤ ➭➠➳➥➨➵➯➼ ✳ â➨➲➠ ➯➳➤➠➥➾➨➫➢ ➥➫➭ ý➫ Ò➠➾➥➫➭ ➩➧➥➫➫➠➵➯ ➲➥➤➸➥➩➩➡➤➭➨➫➢ ➳➡óü ➦➥➩ã➥➢➠Ô➵➡➩➥➳➨➡➫ ➥➫➭ ➭➠➲➨➩➠➼ Ó➭➭➨➳➨➡ ➫➥➵ ➶➠➠➯ ➥➦➦➵➸ ➶➡➤➫➠æ ➤➠➵➠➥➯➠➯➼ ý➪➳➻➡➶➻➧➡➾➠ ➲➨➠æ➨➫➢ ➤➠ë➪➨➤➠➯ û➨➢➧ é➦➠➠➭ Ñ➫➳➠➤➫➠➳ ➩➡➫➫➠➩➳➨➡➫➼ ➽➧➥➫➫➠➵➯➚➥➭➭➨➳➨➡ ➫➥➵ ➶➠➥➳➪➤➠➯ ➥➲➥➨➵➥➹➵➠ ➶➡➤ ➵➨➲➠ ➯➳➤➠➥➾➨➫➢ ➥➳ ➧➡➾➠ æ➧➠➫ ➩➡➫➫➠➩➳➠➭ ➳➡ ➥➫ ûÒ Òüä æ➨➳➧ û➨➢➧ é➦➠➠➭ ➩➡➫➫➠➩➳➨➡➫➼ Ó➵➵
➶➪➫➩➳➨➡ ➫➯ ➥➫➭ ➦➤➡➢➤➥➾➾➨➫➢ ➯➪➹å➠➩➳ ➳➡ ➩➧➥➫➢➠ ➥➳ ➥➫➸ ➳➨➾➠➼ ü➨➯ ➨➳ ➭➨➤➠➩➳➲➼➩➡➾➚➯➳➤➠➥➾➭➨➤➠➩➳➲ ➳➡ ➢➠➳ ➥ ➵➨➯➳ ➡➶➩➡➾➦➥➳➨➹➵➠ ➭➠➲➨➩➠➯ ù➯➡➵➭ ➯➠➦➥➤➥➳➠➵➸ú ➥➫➭ ➭➠➳➥➨➵➯➼ ✞ ✄ ➧➡➵➠➻û➡➾➠ ûÒ Òüä ➶➪➫➩➳➨➡ ➫➥➵➨➳➸ ➤➠ë q ➯ ➥➫ ûÒ Òüä➩➡➫➫➠➩➳➠➭ ➳➡ ➡➫➠ ➳➠➵➠➲➨➯➨➡➫ ➥➫➭➥ ➟➠➫➨➠ Õ➨➫➨Ô ûñ ✝ ûÒ ä➠➩➠➨➲➠➤ù➯ú ➡➤➥ ÒÑä ✆ ➽óü ä➠➥➭➸óü➚Ò➠➲➨➩➠ ➨➫ ➠➥➩➧ ➥➭➭➨➳ ➨➡➫➥➵ ➤➡➡➾➼ â➨➾ ➨➳ ➳➧➤➠➠ ➤➠➾➡➳➠ ➲➨➠ æ➨➫➢➯ ➦➠➤ ûÒ Òüä ➥➳ ➥ ➳➨➾➠➼ ü➨➯➨➳ ôàÛÚ÷Øõÿ÷Ý ▲✟ øÚßàÚ ➶➡➤ ➩➡➾➦➵➠➳➠ ➭➠➳➥➨➵➯➼
❐ ❊ ÷ ❝ ÞáàÝßáÏÒ➡➠➯ ➫➡➳ ➨➫➩➵➪➭➠ ➳➥Ö➠➯Ô ✱ ìï➼ï ✝ ➥➩➳➨➲➥➳➨➡➫ ➶➠➠Ô ä➠➢➨➡ ➫➥➵ é➦➡➤➳➯ ➶➠➠ ➡➶➪➦➳➡ ✱✼ ➼ ✞ ï➚➾➡➼ ùæ➧➨➩➧ ➨➯ ➠Ö➳➤➥ ò➥➦➦➵➨➠➯ ➳➡ ➽ûýÑ➽ ✆ ➥➫➭➚➡➤ Õ ♦ é ➺âóäÓ ➥➫➭ ➧➨➢➧➠➤ ➦ã➢➯úÔ➥➦➦➵➨➩➥➹➵➠ ➪➯➠ ➳➥Ö ➠Ö➦➠➫➯➠ ➯➪➤➩➧➥➤➢➠ ➡➫ ➤➠➳➥➨➵ ➲➥➵➪➠ ➡➶ ➨➫➯➳➥➵➵➥➳➨➡➫Ô ➠ë➪➨➦➾➠➫➳ ➪➦➢➤➥➭➠➯➚➥➭➭➻➡➫➯ ➥➫➭➩➠➤➳➥➨➫ ➡➳➧➠➤➥➭➭ q ➵ ➶➠➠➯ ò➩➧➥➤➢➠➯➼ ❒➮ ❐Ü✃ ✂ ✁✂ Ü ✃❐ ➱ ✁ Ï ✁ Þ ❚✠ Ú÷Ø ØÝ ❐ ✡ Þà ❉▲ ÚßØ ➬ÚöáÚ ☛ ÜÞáØÝ ▲ ÚÛ❮øÛÚÚ ▲ ÚßØáÿ Õ➪➯➳ ➾➥➨➫➳➥➨➫ ➥ ➾➨➫➼ ➹➥➯➠ óü
➦ã➢ ➡➶ ✱ ñï➼ïï➚➾➡➼ P ÛÝøÛö ▲▲ àßø ☞ ❉ Ûà÷àßø ☞ ØÚÛ ▲ á ößô ÷ÝßôàØàÝßá áÞ ❚✠ Ú÷Ø ØÝ ÷ÙößøÚ öØ öß ❛ Øà ▲ Úÿ é➡➾➠ ➡ ☎ ➠➤➯ ➾➥➸➫➡➳ ➹➠ ➥➲➥➨➵➥➹➵➠ ➳➧➤➡➪➢➧ ➥➵➵ ➩➧➥➫➫➠➵➯ ➥➫➭ ➨➫ ➯➠➵➠➩➳ ➥➤➠➥➯➼ ü➨➯➨➳ ➭➨➤➠➩➳➲➼➩➡➾➚➵➠➢➥➵ ➡➤ ➩➥➵➵ ➶➡➤ ➭➠➳➥➨➵➯➼ ➞ ñðì ✌ Óóòó Ñ➫➳➠➵➵➠➩➳➪➥➵ Ð➤➡➦➠➤➳➸➼ Ó➵➵ ä➨➢➧➳➯ ä➠➯➠➤➲➠➭➼ ÓóòóÔ➟➵➡➹➠ ➵➡➢➡ÔÒÑä ✆ ➽óüÔ➥➫➭ ➥➵➵ ➡➳➧➠➤ÒÑä ✆ ➽óü➾➥➤ã➯ ➩➡➫➳➥➨➫➠➭➧➠➤➠ ➨➫ ➥➤➠ ➳➤➥➭➠➾➥➤ã➯ ➡➶Óóòó Ñ➫➳➠➵➵➠➩➳➪➥➵ Ð➤➡➦➠➤➳➸➥➫➭➚➡➤Óóòó ➥ ✍ ➵➨➥➳➠➭➩➡➾➦➥➫➨➠➯➼
Ó➵➵ ➡➳➧➠➤ ➾➥➤ã➯ ➥➤➠ ➳➧➠ ➦➤➡➦➠➤➳➸ ➡➶➳➧➠➨➤ ➤➠➯➦➠➩➳➨➲➠ ➡æ➫➠➤➯➼
❫❴❵❜❞❡❢❣❤
❥❦❧❥♥♦qqr❦stq✉sqt ❢❣❜❫❵❣❫❜
⑧ ➈ ⑩ ➉➅ ❷ ➊ ✇ ➋ ⑩⑧❸ ➌ ➍➅➎ ❹ ➋ ⑩⑩❺❸❻⑤
❹⑩✇❺⑤✇⑥④⑤⑥ ④❽❾❿❸➀
➁ ➏ èéê ➂ ➐➑➒ ëì ➃ íî ➄ êïë ➅ ðñ ➆ é ➓ òëì ➂ ï ➇ óô ➔→➣↔➒
➃ õ ➂ íêï ➈ ö÷ê ➉ ø ➅ ù ➊ ïú ➋ í ➌ ûü ➍ ý ➅ éþ÷ ➎ ëÿéò ➋➌ ✈✇①②③④⑤ ➁ ➏ î ⑥ êïë ➂ ➑➓➒ ⑦ ➃ ñ ⑧ ➄ é ⑤ ò ⑨ ë ➅ ìï ➆ ⑩❶ ➂ ➓ ➇➃ ✇ ➂ ➓→➣↔➒
➌ ⑧❼②❽⑧❸ ◆❖P◗❘◆◗❯❖❱❲❳❖◆❘❳❘❱◗❨❖❲❩
❬❭❪❲❭◗❘❩❳❭❲
➷➬➮➱✃
Ø ↕ ➙ ➪ Ù ➛ ➞ Ú ➟ ➜ ➠ ➝ Û ➵ ➞ ➼ Ü ➟ ➸ ➠ Ý ➡ Þ ➥ Ù ➢ ➾ Ú ➼ ➠➤ ➞ ß ➵ ➥ à ➠ ❐ ➦ ➯ Û ➶ ➧ ➡ ➨ á ❒ ➩ ➝ ß ❮ ➼ ➫ â ➢➟ à ❰ÏÐ ➠ ↕ ➢ Ý ➡ ➭ Ù ➞ ➯➲ ➶ ã ➤ ➯ ä ➥ ➟ ➲ ➳ å ➡ ➹ æ ➯ Ñ ➵ Ò à ➡ ➸ Ó ➼ ßç ➟ ➯ Ô ➠ ➘ ➤ Õ ➶ ➺ Ö ➴ ➻ ➟ ➂ ➡ ➯➽ ➢ ➞ ➼ ➈ ➥ ➳ ➵ ➠➯ × ➽ ➶ ➆ ➠ ➼ ➡ ➃ ➢ ➽ ➂ ➤ ➩ ➊ ➥ ➆ ➼➾ ➂ ➲ ➃ ➚ ↕ ➪ ➨➞➢ ➟ ➲ ➠ Ý ➡➢ ➳➡ Ù ➵ ➱ ➞ â ➠ ➟ ➞ ➴ Û ➾ ➳ Ý ❒ ➼ ➠ ➸➞ Þ ➱ Ý ➥ ➙ ➽➡ ➻ ➴ â ➳ ❮ ➟ ➠➼ Û ↕ ➙ ß ➛ ➱✃ ➹➞ Û ➯ Ý ➾ ➻ ➳ ❮ ➡ ➾ ➢ Ý ➶ Û ➱ ➹ ➼ ➡ Þ ➥ Ý ➢➚ Û ➠➤ ➸ Ú ➡ Ý ➢ Û ÚÛÝ ✽✚✚✛✜✢✢✛✜✣✤✥
❙✄☎ ✆ ✄ ✱ ✧ ❚ ❍ ★ ☎ ✦ ✮ ✩ ✧ ✝ ✻ ✯ ❍ ★ ✞ ✩ ✦ ✟ ✪ ✬ ✩ ✧ ✫ ✝ ✱ ★ ✩ ✠ ✪ ✰ ✬ ✫ ✻ ✭ ✩ ✡ ✬ ✮ ✿ ☛ ✰ ❁ ✯ ✯✩ ✮ ☞ ✱ ✾ ✧ ✻ ✬ ☎ ✭ ❂ ✪ ✭ ✷ ✬✩ ✩ ✡ ✯ ✪ ✮ ✌ ❃ ✰ ✭ ✷ ✾ ✟ ✬ ✩ ✰ ❇ ✯ ✍ ✮ ✿ ✰ ✩ ✪ ❄ ✩ ✱ ✎ ✻ ☛ ✱ ✩ ✪ ✏ ✳ ✰ ✮✯ ✻ ✲ ✩ ✑ ✮ ✳ ✰ ✾ ✴ ✟ ❃ ✩ ❍ ✮ ✪ ✒ ✯ ✭ ✦ ✧✻ ✬ ✓ ★ ✷ ✩ ✟ ✸ ✰ ✮ ✪ ✴ ✬ ✻ ✫ ✳ ✔ ✮ ✩ ✰ ✓ ✾ ✬ ✝ ✵ ✬ ❄ ★ ☎ ✳ ✭❃ ✪ ✯ ✩ ✡ ✯ ✲ ✴ ✻ ✠ ✶ ✰ ✮ ✾ ✷ ✳ ❄ ✪ ✬ ✦ ✵ ✬ ✰ ✩ ✕✆ ✯ ✻ ✱ ✭ ✪ ❄ ❀ ✳ ✧ ♠ ✪ ✮ ✸ ✐ ✰ ✹ ★ ✬ ✟ ✪ ✺ ✍ ✿ ✻ ✸ ✩ ✾ ✷ ✮ ☛ ✳ ✻ ✰ ✦ ✌ ✼ ✪ ❉ ✟ ✾ ✾ ✳ ✧ ★ ✴ ✡ ✦ ✻ ❅ ✯ ✆ ✶ ❂ ✩ ✬ ❆ ✭ ✮ ✾ ✳ ✯ ✔ ✬ ❇ ✻ ✩ ✾ ✖ ✿ ✰ ✳ ✪ ✱ ✴ ✟ ✬ ✮ ✳ ✷ ✿ ✍ ✻ ❍ ✰ ✯ ✔ ✦ ✷ ✧ ✾ ✗ ✿ ❀ ★ ❄ ✠ ✩ ✳ ✱ ✪ ✮ ✫ ✰ ✿ ✒ ✩ ✦ ✪ ✬ ✔ ✿✩ ✎ ✯ ☞ ✸✬ ✰ ❃ ✗ ★ ✭ ✪ ✾ ✩ ✄ ✳ ✻ ✴ ✦ ✖ ❈ ✪ ✱ ✭ ✟ ❆ ✻✧ ✓ ❇ ✩ ✟ ✿ ♠ ✯ ✪ ✔ ✭ ✳ ✸ ❊ ❇ ❋ ✴ ✗ ✦ ✾ ✸ ✌ ✬ ✷ ✳ ✡ ✭✻ ✦ ✝ ✾ ✰ ✯ ✏ ✭ ✩ ❃ ☎ ❝ ✰ ✿ ✦ ✻ ✩ ✘ ✬ ✮ ✯ ❄ ✭ ✌ ✾ ☎ ✻ ✦ ✩ ✔ ✪ ✯ ✬✳ ✸ ✡ ✵ ✱ ✻ ☛ ✭❄ ✩ ✬ ✯ ❃ ✵ ✆ ✪ ✮ ✳ ✱ ✯ ✠✟ ✲ ✮ ❇ ✷ ✳✴ ✩ ✪ ❝ ■ ✝ ✻ ✿ ✰ ☎ ✬ ✩ ✳ ✯✭ ✟ ✻ ✷ ☛ ✬ ✳ ✾ ✦ ✩ ✯ ✠✒ ✰ ✿ ✻ ✭✴ ✧ ✳ ✩ ❝ ✯ ✪ ✌ ✭✱ ✓ ✻ ✳ ✎ ✬ ✄ ✪ ✷ ✸ ✿ ✌ ✬ ☎ ✩ ★ ✳ ✰ ✆ ★ ✾ ✪ ✩ ☎ ✮ ✿ ♠ ✬ ✙ ✰ ❇ ❊ ✎ ❋ ✭✴ ☞ ❄ ✩ ✬ ✪ ☎ ✯ ✳✦ ✔ ✻ ✮ ✬ ✾✩ ✭ ✰ ✱ ✮✻ ✾ ✩ ✰ ✪✳✴ ✩ ✬ ✻ ★ ✪ ✩ ✳ ✯ ✰ ✴ ✻ ✮ ✬ ✷ ✧ ★ ❀ ✩ ✶✿ ✵ ✳ ✩ ✴ ❇ ✬ ✰ ★ ✪ ✩ ✭ ✮✻ ✪ ✧ ✰ ✷✳ ✦ ✮❄ ✻ ❀ ✭ ✬✩✯ ✮✾ ✦✿✬✩ ✪ ✰ ✭✻ ✦ ✧ ✪ ✸ ✩ ✻ ✮✯ ✬ ✩ ✵ ✻✳ ✯✲ ✬
● ✶✿✩ ✰✪ ✾✳ ✮✷❃ ✭ ✷ ✪✳ ✰ ✻ ✿ ❇✮ ✻ ✩ ✭✻ ✳ ✧ ▲ ✻ ❀❂❆ ✭✪ ❇ ✬ ✿✪▼ ✩ ✶ ✸❄ ✹ ✭✻ ❀ ✩❏✦ ❄✭ ✷✮ ✰ ✱❇✩✯✳✴✰✩❃✭ ✩✪ ✰ ✾✦ ✩✻✬❄✷❀✶ ❇❑ ✾ ✳✮❃ ❄✮❇ ❄ ✬✷❀✶ ✱ ✭✾ ✪ ★✳ ✱ ✷ ✩✭ ✯ ✦✾ ✷ ✴ ✩✯ ❀✼❏✦✭✿✱ ✻✬✴✩ ✸ ❝ ✪ ✳✬★ ✩ ✪✮✻✰✯ ✪ ✯ ✾✬✭ ✻✪✱ ✷ ✿ ❄✷❀
❋
✤✘
❙✞✟
✠✠ ✟
☛☞✌ ✍
✎
✡
✏ ☞ ✑ ✎☞
✁
✄
❋✜✢✣✤✦
✻✼✽
❊✾✿
✟
✟
✒
✂
☎✆
✓✌ ✔✔
✕
✖
✗
✝
✧★✩✪✫
❀❁❂❃❃❁
▲❄
●❂❄❅❆❃
❇✽❈✼❉
❍■❏❑✽❈❈▼
♥ ✬ ✭ ✮ ✯ ✰ ✱ ✲ ✮ ✳ ✴ ✭ ♥ ✵ ✮ ✴ ✭✱ ✶ ♥ ✷ ✸ ✶✮ ✮ ✭✱ ✲ ✲ ✹ ✺ ✬ ✸