It Was Stalin's Fault"
DREW PEARSON SAYS:
China-Indian Border Rift
Gets Attention From Ike
NEW DELHI The question of neutrality?" I asked.
whether the world'i two greatest I When the prime minister re
masses of population China plied in the negative, I told him
EDITORIAL PAGE
LA GRANDE OBSERVER
Tuesday, Dcmbr 15, 1959
"Without or with friend or foe, we print your daily world u It goes'' Byron.
RILEY ALLEN, publisher
Grady Pannell, managing editor George Challia, advertising director
Tom Humes, circulation manager
Could It Be Gene Brown?
There lias been considerable, if quiet,
speculation anions political observers
during recent months about possible Re
publican candidates to oppose Senator
Kichard L. Neuberper in his bid for re
election next year.
Pete Gunnar, the Republican chair-
man, has given a few hints to the iden
tity of possible candidates. Some of
these hints have been directed to known
Oregon Republicans, usually Portlanders.
y Cut one man remained a mystery.
., Could it be Gene Brown, former state
legislator and Grants Pass attorney?
.Investors In Cuba To Look At Hole Card
I One of the phenomena of the period
following World War II has been the
growing emphasis on promotion of Am
erican investment overseas.
Part has been governmental, through
government participation in various in
ternational banking and lending funds.
This alone is a radical departure from
American policy in the period between
the two World Wars.
At the same time the national policy,
as expressed through laws passed by
the Congress and administrative regula
tions of the Treasury department, has
been to encourage use of private Am
erican capital to build foreign industries.
Recent events in Cuba, however, point
up the continued difficulty of gaining
any real fervor for such a program from
American investors. It is difficult for
many to justify using their hard-earned
cash even though rewards often are
great in countries where private prop
erty has become a political pawn.
Take, for example, the big King
Ranch operation of Texas, Pennsylvania,
Australia, and Cuba.
The company has developed, in recent
years, a ranching property of over 33,000
Cuban acreas.
To be sure, it has done this to make
money. And, we presume, it has done so.
Hut there has been a collateral bene
fit to Cuba, one which may well have
been worth more to that country than
any amount of money the King Ranch
stockholders could ever have taken out
of the country.
Cubans had always followed the old
Spanish system of completely non
selective breeding. Their beef animals,
as a result, had been biologic "scrubs."
The King Ranch operation had shown
the way to a tremendous improvement
in the cattle breeds which could be raised
in Cuba. Among the most important of
its findings had been the one that nearly
three times as 'much meat could be ob
tained from the same amount of feed
through a careful breeding program.
But recently the Castro regime decided
to provide more land for the campesinos
who had supported Fidel back in the
darker days. So the King Ranch opera
tion was broken up.
In its place the company got Cuban
government bonds of rather doubtful
value, considering fiscal policies of the
present government.
Under such circumstances, then, Am
erican investors are going to pay con
siderably more attention in the future
to the political stability of a eountry
than they have in the past. The result,
inevitably, will be a slowing of invest
ment abroad.
Such a slowing will advance neither
American policy nor the real needs of
some of the countries in which such a
policy has operated so successfully in
recent years.
with 600.000,000 and India with
400,000.000 can live peacefully
as neighbors basically was the
chief question discussed by pres
ident Eisenhower and Prime Min
ister Jawaharlal Nehru during
the Asiatic climax to Ike's trip.
Nehru discussed some of these
things with me shortly before
Eisenhower arrived, and made
it quite clear that he considers a
rifi is developing between Rus
sia and China. This is an all-important
development that Ameri
can diplomats have long hoped
for.
Nehru began his talks with Eis
enhower just after he had suf
fered the biggest disappointment
of his political life. His policy
of passive resistance worked with
the British, but failed with China
When he turned the other cheek
to China he got slapped on both
cheeks. His delegate to the Unit
ed Nations has consistently voted
to admit Red China; even last
September, after China had cross
ed India's northern border,
Krishna Menon, delegate to the
UN, voted for China's right to en
ter the UN.
But back in India this policy
u not appreciated. Public pres
sure against both China and
Prime Minister'Nehru has reach
ed a crescendo. All the. great
things he has done for India.
all seven years spent in jail for
Indian independence, seemed
forgotten in a welter of demand
that he quit turning the other
cheek and use force against Chi
na. There are many Indians who
seem quite willing to risk war
between the world's two most
populous countries.
I interviewed Nehru at his cir
cular desk in the ministry of ex
ternal affairs. Except for the
one photo on it of Mahatma Ghan-
di, it was the desk of a Madison
Avenue executive. The man be
hind it, however, bore no resem
blance to Madison Avenue. His
was a gentle face with eyes that
had a sad and distant look, sad
over the developments of recent
days but looking ahead to the de
velopments of tomorrow.
"Puce a Necessity"
I told the prime minister of
India that the many presidents,
prime ministers and potentates I
had interviewed in advance of
Eisenhower were worried that his
talks with Khrushchev would re
lax the cold war and let down
the safeguards of the free world.
What was his opinion, I asked.
i minx you Know what my
view is, Mr. Pearson," Nehru re
plied. "Atomic war has become
so catastrophic it has made peace
a necessity. It may be a bless
ing. I think the world has reach
ed a turning point. It has reach
ed a turning point in many re
spects in numan relations, in
science, and in regard to war. We
have got to go forward to great
trr anu uruauer nonzons. 1 am
sure Mr. Eisenhower senses this
too, and that was behind his
talks with Premier Khrushchev.
But to work for better under
standing," Nehru added careful
ly, 'does not mean we shut our
eyes to the needs of national do
tense."
I told Nehru many Western din
lomats felt the hand of fate had
intervened to put Eisenhower in
me lame position Kenru nnr
had been in, with Ike now a neu
tralist between India and China.
Nehru smiled, but did not
answer directly. He said he had
reau ciscnnowcrs recent state
ment indicating his neutrality
between India and China and
also Secretary of State Herter s
"I commented at the time," he
said, "that Mr. Hcrtcr was
mend of ours and we saw no ob
jection to his statement
"Did you ever get any exulta
tion from Washington as to why
Hertcr made that statement of
Ike's Visit Great Morale Builder In India
India is a country that loves peace.
, Ghandi saw to that. It's no wonder,
then, that Ike is receiving such a warm
welcome. He is the head of a country
that has fought a number of wars but
always as a defender, never as an ag
gressor.' Pecause India is so peace loving it is
pictured usually as a nation of barefoot
eople who would have nothing but
sticks to defend themselves with, if
attacked. Some may even wonder, if
it would bo necessary for the United
States to intervene, as in Korea, if the
Reds invaded.
.Actually India has a fine army.
Some military experts call it one of the
best trained, most modern fighting
forces in Asia. Almost nothing is ever
said about it because Nehru stresses
neutrality. Thus if Red China were to.
attack, India could put up a good de
fense on iU own, but if-nuclear weapons
were used, that would be another
matter.
India is considerably shaken by the
belligerency of Red China, especially
when India has been so careful not to
take sides in the cold war. And it is
still not taking sides. Votes in the Unit
ed Nations just yesterday showed India
playing it safe as usual by abstaining
from voting on controversial questions.
It realizes that it may need help very
desperately in a crisis.
India's neutrality has disgusted many
Americans in times past, such as when
the United Nations members were called
upon for troops in the Korean war and
India sent only an ambulance corps.
Ike's visit is an indication to the Indians
that this nation doesn't hold such things
against them. They are being made to
realize that India's independence Is Im
portant to others besides themselves.
Most Religious Groups 'Agree'
On Reasons For Birth Control
mv information was mai jnru
shchev and Eisenhower had
reached an agreement that neith
er would make any statements
calculated to rock the delicaie
Chinese relations and that Khru-
hchev in return promised to pa
cify Red China. "Did you get
any information as to what hhru-
hchev was able to accomplish
when he went to Peiping?" I ask
ed.
Our ambassador to Peiping
sent us a report that indicated
they treated him rather badly,
Nehru replied.
At about that time one of the
Soviet cab: net members I be
believe he is an Armenian with
very difficult name, Muhkitdi-
nov came through nere on nis
way to Indonesia and told me
that Khrushchev had asked him
to give me a full report on bis
conversations with Eisenhower,
which he did. At that time he
was most anxious to ascertain
what success Khrushchev was
having in Peiping. Apparently he
didn't get very far."
"Was it your impression from
that report that Eisenhower annd
Khrushchev really reached some
basis of understanding?" I ask
ed.
"Definitely ," the prime minis
ter replied.
Discussing Chinese motives in
invading northen Italy, Nehru said
the Chinese are not easy to un
derstand. They speak few for
eign languages, make little ef
fort to know the outside world.
But they never forget a claim.
They never forget their claim to
Tibet and they waited until the
time was propitious to take it.
If India never forgot its an
cient claims we would be mov-
ng all over the Middle East. I
suppose our reaction to their in
vasion of Tibet touched them off
and they moved on to India
Nehru was to tell Ike that for
this winter no developments are
likely in the disputed area the
Chinese have seized. "Winter
has set in and it's a sort of deep
freeze up there. Vou can't move,"
he said. "I know," I replied. "I
just came from Afghanistan
"But the mountains the Chin
ese Invaded are far higher than
the ones you crossed from Af
ghanistan," Nehru corrected.
"They make it difficult for us
to defend the area. At the same
time it will be difficult for the
Chinese to descend on India."
Nehru didn't plan to ask Eisen
hower for military aid, despite
the Indian public's clamor for ac
tion. Economic aid is more im
portant, and he intends to wait
out the current trouble.
"It's quite understandable the
Chinese would pop across our
border from time to time." he
said philosophically, "but it's
highly doubtful that China would
invade India proper.'
The 1929 Mack truck. USN. 10798.
was believed to be the oldeset
Navy vehicle on "active duty."
It was "retired" in November
1938.
EDITOR'S NOTE: This is Hi
first of three dispatches on the
birth control controversy. The
first outlines the conflicting mo
ral teaching of maior U.S. re
ligious bodits. The second re
ports on the actual practice of
American families. The final
dispatch deals with research ef
forts to find new birth control
techniques suitable for use in
underdeveloped countries.
By LOUIS CASSELS
UPI Staff Writer
WASHINGTON (LPl - Re
ligious differences over birth con
trol are primarily concerned with
the methods used.
Nearly all major religious bod
iesincluding the Roman Catho
lic Church agree that a married
couple may decide for medical or
economic reasons to limit its
number of children.
The Catholic church differs
from most Protestants and Jews,
however, in drawing a sharp dis
tinction between "natural" and
"artificial" means.
The Catholic teaching is es
sentially this:
Creation of children is the pri
mary natural function of marital
sex relations. The expression of
mutual love and satisfaction of
sex drives are secondary purpos
es which are legitimate only when
they are not accomplished at the
expense of deliberately frustrat
ing the primary function.
Nature's Own Laws
In circumstances where there
REMEMBER WHEN
. . 25 years ago, interesting
history on Eastern Oregon pioneers
and Indians of the area was re
lated by Harley Horner, Wallow
County historian, at a big Masonic
meeting held at Enterprise and
attended by Masons from La
Grande, Summerville and Joseph
worshipful Master A. D. Shaefer
and Glen Sprague presided at the
event which was in conjunction
with the 50-year-old history of the
order.
The Eastern Oregon Normal
squad, coached by Bob Quinn,
tuned up for the regular season
play by downing M.I.A. by a 57-19
score, yuinn used his second
team after the first quarter.
. . 15 years ago, the local Red
Cross chapter, directed by Mrs
T. B. Lumsden, prepared to elect
officers. The nominating commit
t?e was composed of Raymond
Williams, Mrs. R. H. Kitchen and
Mrs. Fred Lanzer.
Captain Ruth Grosenbach of the
local Salvation Army unit an
nounced plans for a Christmas
basket for the needy. A total of
35 baskets of canned goods, vege
tables, meats and fruits would be
distributed.
are serious reasons" for family
limitation, it is lawful for a cou
ple to avoid pregnancy by ab-
taming from sexual relations
during the portion of the woman's
ycie when conception is most
likely to occur. This tvrje of birth
control known variously as
rhythm, periodic continence
d the ' safe period method") is
consistent with nature's own laws.
But in the Catholic view it is a
violation of "natural law," and
therefore immoral, to "mutiliate"
the sex act in any way. This
rules out any use of contracep
tives (which are regarded as
artificial" barriers to meeting of
sperm and ovum) as well as such
ancient birth control techniques
as douches.
It is important to the present
controversy to note that the Cath
olic church does not regard this
teaching as a moral precept bind
ing only on its own members, but
as a part of the basic natural
law of the universe, applicable to
all people regardless of their re
licion.
That is why the U.S. Catholic
bishops recently opposed any help
to "artificial birth prevention
programsin other countries, even
non-Catholic countries.
The Protestant viewpoint, which
is also held by many Jews, is as
follows:
Sex in marriage is a good,
healthy thing, ordained by God
and its use to express mutual love
is just as legitimate as its crea
tive function. It is no violation of
natural law to separate the love
making from the creative aspects
of sex, since nature itself permits
the former when the latter is im
possible (as in cases of sterility.
or women after menopause.)
A Moral Obligation
According to this view, the use
of medically approved contracep
tives is no more a case of tam
pering with nature than having a
diseased appendix removed, or a
false tooth installed.
These religious bodies hold that
a couple has not merely a right,
but a positive moral obligation.
to use the most effective means
available to avoid an unplanned
conception that might endanger
the health of the mother or en
large the family to the detriment
of existing children. Since stand
ard contraceptive devices have
been found considerably more re
liable than "rhythm," most Prot
estants and Jews sanction their
use.
While the vast majority of
American church members ad
here to one or the other of the
two views outlined above, some
special religious positions must
be mentioned.
The Mormon Church teaches
that large familes, the bigger the
better, are desirable; it disap
proves of any form of birth con
trol.
Some Orthodox Jews hold that
birth control is permissible only
when the wife s health would be
jeopardized by pregnancy. And
even then, the birth control meas
ures must be taken by the wom
annever by the man.
The traditional teaching of the
Greek Orthodox Church is that a
married couple may seek to avoid
births only by giving up sexual
relations altogether.
However, many Orthodox cler.
gymen in American ao not re
gard this teaching as authorita
tive since it has never been of
ficially endorsed by a church
council. Orthodox couples who
consult their priests may be ad
vised that birth control by any
medically approved means is per
missible if practices for "unself
ish reasons" alter the family al
ready has as many children as
it can adequately support.
Next: The actual practices of
American families.
QUOTES IN
THE NEWS
United Press International
Quotes From The News
(Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.) .
NEW YORK Paul Siple. sci
entific adviser to the U.S. Army
Research Office and a former
Boy Scout who has spent six
years on Antarctica, discussing
the new edition of the "Boy Scout
Handbook":
"In effect, it is a sort of boy's
bible. It has one advantage over
the Bible: It can be revised."
NEW YORK Former Presi
dent Harry S. Truman, criticizing
the unification of the armed
forces under the Joint Chiefs of
Staff:
"It's a shotgun wedding that
didn't take."
RANCHO SANTA FE. Calif
Victor Mature's new wife, Adri
ene, stating that she and Mature
were married in Mexico because
of confusion about the legality of
their earlier wedding in Italy:
"If there is anything Vic hates
it is confusion. So we decided to
go out and do it all over again."
HELVILLES
for
Gills and Toys
QUAIJTY AND
SELECTION
1431 Adams Ave.
OBITS
United Press International
NEWARK, N. J. (UPI) Dr.
Oliver E. Buckley, 72, of Maple
wood, N. J., retired president and
board chairman of Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Inc., died Monday
at a hospital here.
OYSTER BAY, N. Y. (UPI) -John
Gerdes, 73, senior partner
in the Wall Street law firm of
Gerdes, Montgomery & Miller and
an expert in corporate law, died
here Sunday.
FLORENCE, Italy (UPI) Ital
ian avation pioneer Guido Antoni,
79, died Monday. Antoi and his
brother had collaborated in de
signing a number of airplanes
after World War I.
Next summer she'll still be thanking you
G,VE BETTER...
J&d LIVE BETTER...
s y ' Electrically!
owl "mmmh
l 4114,1
You can make Christmas thrills fait for
years, when you give electrical gifts. . .
Here's how it's done:
An electric appliance brings her easier s
homrmakinf . less drudgery gives her mora
time for herself, helps her get more fun
out of life serves her several times a day,
and remindU her of your thoughtfulness
each time.
See the scores' of electrical gift suggestions
at your local dealer's, and Give Better
to help her Live Better., . . Electrically.
GIYE ELECTRICAL GIFTS
m Hi mr
$uvi HTna
UVE BETTE ...Electrically
TOW
AW;
CALIFORNIA-PACIFIC
UTILITIES COMPANY
'l.MIJ:l:H:H: ','1-HH; .'IIJ:I.M:IH