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About La Grande observer. (La Grande, Or.) 1959-1968 | View Entire Issue (July 10, 1959)
'"' I" III I. nB t ,. , I, . m in t . . y. I . rt & Weed Control Fertilizer Studies Made At Pendleton Simazin applied at Milling If. elds, especially when hiyh nit- time or in the winter promises jro'-d-n rates are used. excellent control of cheatjjrass. a fast growing winter annua! mat saps soil moisture irom tiashy fallow wheat ficMs. ae cording to Di-un Swan, agrono mist at the I'emtleton branch ex periment station. Itcsults ot himazm trials were among those reported July 1 at Vanety ar.d yield trials of other dryland crops besides wheat indicated alfalfa, salflow-i-r. seed flax, canary Kra.ss seed. SILAGE WITH TRACTOR Stan Wishaucr, La Grande, uses a D6 tractor to put pressure on the tall wheat grass he is using for silage. He is making silage on top of the ground in what is called a bunker. There is about 400 tons in one pile of silage. Among Valley Farmers By County Agents Ted Sidor and Charles Cvln y . r A number of farmers are being is still a continuing need for vari- troublcd this year with a root rot or take-all disease. We had some diagnosed by O. S. C. and they indicated that the wheat sample was infected with "take-all . They also came up with a fusarium that is a root rot. In either cose the answer to the problem would be to attempt a ro tation in which wheat was not fol lowed by wheat even when broken by summerfallow. The best thing to use would be some legume such as alfalfa, sweet clover, or peas. A good nitrogen and phosphate pro gram of fertilization will usually help to somewhat alleviate tbe damage due to these diseases. Weed control problems keep cropping up. one of course being on the control of quack grass. Some of our farmers and gardeners are having very good success using ATZ at 10 pounds; others are using Dalapon at It) to 20 pounds per acre. - Dataon at 20 pounds is a personal preference but it does sterilize your soil for at least six weeks. ATZ, ot course, ciin be applied and then worked up within 10 to M days and a crop established. Both chemicals .should be applied with at least 20 gallons of water to the acre. A revised bulletin, Weed Control ltecommendations for Oregon" is available in our office and it docs give the latest recommendations for weed control. It is yours for 1 lie asking. One more chemical that appears lo lc working is the" Benzoic acid material for the control of morn ing glory. On trials we have es tablished. 10 galoons of cither the 2 iwiind per gallon material or 4 IMHind per gallon material appears to Ik- doing the Job. Dean Swan of Ihe Pendleton Ex periment Station is quite enthus iastic about Siminn and we arc cheeking it out In this area. The lirsl trial we have out is disap pointing but we are trying it again. I!.ilh liohiusoti has a field nt corn that he intends to make silage with. We also in Ralph's planting tried a number of new varieties that will bear watching. There has been widespcad In terest this past year in the high yielding semi-dwarf wheut now being developed at Washington Stute College. These semi-dwarf seelction of short strawed. soft white winter wheuts are the re sult of 11 years of crossing and recrossing since the original .cross of Norm 10, a Japanese variety, and Brevor. These new wheats are 2 3 feet tall or 10 to 20 inches shorter than Burt or Brevor, the shortest commercial winter varieties. Although they arc short they surprisingly pro duce just about as much straw as the present commercial varieties. At the present time work is being directed toward improving the milling and baking qualities and disease resistance. It probab ly will be two to three years before all quality requirements arc met and this variety will be considered for release. The 1058 variety distribution sur vey by counties which each year is conducted cooperatively with the Pacific Northwest Grajn peelers and the Agricultural , Marketing and Agricultural Research Services of the I'SDA shows a' decrease in the number of varieties report ed grown. Thirty-five varieties were reported grown in (he Paci fic Northwest in the area cov ered hy this report as compared with forty three. in 19J7. This in dicates that some progress is be ing made in the reduction of un desirable varieties of wheat grown in tlx Tacillc Northwiut. There ety reduction campaigns in each locality if we are to show con tinued progress in the future. The most significant develop ment this past year has been the replacement of Klniar and Elgin with the new smut resistant vari ety. Omar. Omar represented the leading variety this year with 50,775,800 bushels reported grown which represents 48.2 per cent of the total production reported grown in the Pacific Northwest as com parea wnn 7.B88.5W Dushels re ported in 1957 which represented 7.81. of the total production. The three principal club wheats totaled nearly. 67'j mil lion bushels and 64.1 of tbe total wheat production of the area Burt, another new variety showed a marked increase this year which accounted for 5.6 per cent of the total production as compared with W per cent in 11)57. Lower cost gave conventional ro tational . grazing the edge over two other methods in forage utili zatipn experiments with improved grass-legume pasture at Bclts ville, Md. Other methods tested by USDA scientists were strip grazing on plot.s large enough to provide a day's forage for a specific num ber, of cows, and 'soiling.' in which forage is mechanically har vested daily and fed green to cows in barns or drylots. Rotational grazing cost less because it re quired no portable electric fences or labor to move them daily as did strip grazing, and there was no harvesting or handling of forage each day as in soiling. Rotational and strip grazing un der proiior management were equally efficient in forage utili fat ion and significantly better than the soiling system because tbe grazing systems supported the s.unc number of cows far more days per acre. None of the Ibree methods used experimentally, how ever, caused a material change in milk production or I lie live weight of the test animals. Largely for these reasons, ILSIIA scientists determined rotational grazing the better of the three methods under conditions of Ihe experiment. They recognized, how ever, that poor management, such as undcr-graing of intensive stands of forage, or allowing for age, to become too mature for maximum feed value, might give Compromise Bill Need For Ag Dept. Operation WASHINGTON UPI Sen ale-House conferees hope to reach final agreement today on a compromise money bill to run the Agriculture Department dur ing the fiscal year starting next Wednesday. The lawmakers were reported to be close to resolving their ar gumcnt over an annual ceiling on price support payments to indi vidual farmers. The Senate ap proved a $50,000 limit for all crops. The house voted a $50, ooo maximum on each crop. V the Pendleton experiment station j'ficld day. About 100 attended ij the all-day session. Applied at 1 pound per acre at 1 llic proper lime, V:in s nil sima zin gave almost complete control of cheat grass, taiweed. and otli"i common Columbia Basin weeds v. it bout damaging wheal. Other research work viewed included a summary ( winter wheat yields at Pendleton show ing the carryover efleet of al falfa in a rotation. Yield, r.mird Irom 1(1 to 2.r) per cent alwnc winter wheat alter fallow after 10 years or the fifth wheat crop following four years ol alfalfa, according to Merrill Ov cson, station superintendent. No fertilizers wero added. In other experiments, Charles Smith, I'SDA soil scientist reiwrt ed a carryover effect from 80 pounds of actual nitrogen result ed in a four to five bushel per acre increase the second crop year, compared to wheat reeeiv- iing no nitrogen originally. Smith said this carryover ellcct was showing up in plots established in Columbia Basin counties. In addition, a response to sul fur is evident this ear, indi cating it may be a necessary nu trient for Columbia Basin wheat 4-H'ers Learn ; Soil, Water Conservation strip grazing and soiling advan tages over rotational grazing. Merits of the three methods were studied on an experimental area at Beltsville comprising 12 one-acre plots seeded to an or chard grass- Ladino clover mix ture. The systems were random ly assigned to 3 plots within each of 4 blocks of the total pasture area. Manure was applied to the plots used fur test of the soiling method to compensato for lack of manure from animals used in testing rotational and strip graz ing on other plots. The four plots for each forage utilization treatment were used ro tationally. Grazing groups of milk cows were moved from plot to plot concurrently at intervals of 5 to 10 days. Soiling harvests de pended upon the availability of enough forage for mechanical har vest. Forage in excess of Ihe needs of the test animals was removed hay or silage and credited the specific experimental system from which it was derived, ac cording to its total digestible nil Incuts (TDN. All plots were grazed or harvested 4 lo 5 times each year for the duration of Ihe experiments. Before grazing or harvesting any of Hie plots, sample slips were cut In determine the total amount of forage available Value of the plots for supimrt ing milking dairy cows was do ternnned by (ho TDN require ments of the cows utilizing them four milkers were assigned lo each system. The animals were chosen from a group that had calved 2 to 4 months Ix-forc the trials began. Thus it was usually possible to keep them on their assigned systems for a full sea son. Assignments were made at random, but the animals were chosen from groups of similar production level, livewcigltt, and breeding date. 7r rr at vour I s5 ' I FOBD OBALtRS-HlS VTat. i c!ZUSED CARS I WHERE'S THE ff' j . VvV ClV YOU A NEW N I Bssr pl ack to Ki'-v'jfV ' KlN0 w pp.0TSCT0N 1 SUV A USSB CAt I WHEN YOU BUI - Every A-l l'ed Car is iiwpeeUd, rvcondittniwd if mn . ary. and road-tanted. And thay'ra warranted in writing by tha rxcluatva new Performance Protection Policy! Soa ran with tha A-l atirkar at your Ford Dealer's I'aed Car Chopping Canter, pao 9 or FORD DEALER USED CARS INSPECTED (ECONDITIONEO tOAfMCSTEO t WAIRANTI Scientific agriculture is widely im ii' ticed today to produce both 'iii.iMy and quantity crops. Under I lie di'eclion of the State Exten sion Service, 4-11 Club members are learning modern farming tech niiiies employed in soil and water conservation, and in growing and marketing crops. Ily participating in these pro-i-. is. rural youth put into practice Hie lalest methods recommended by the I'SDA and leading indus trial agricultural researchers. Throuhuut the stale hundreds of farms have been. improved and in comes increased as a result of 4 H ers carrying out the objectives of these programs. Incentive awards are offered by leading business firms in recog nition of outstanding achievement. Alter demonstrating ability in their farm projects. 4-11 boys and girls look forward to winning the top state award, an all-expense paid trip to the 38th National 4-H Club Congress at the Conrad Hilton ho tel. Chicago. Members receiving the state a ward then become eligible for a national 4-H college scholarship worth $400. Recipients will be an Observer, La Grande, 0r Friday, Jufy 10, 1959 Paga 10 veloaed in the midwest. Ted Horning, I'SDA agricultural en gineer, and Smith are testing its possible use for reducing erosion from water runott. me three or four per cent of the American people at present die tary level. With the rapid in crease in population preaicted for thi' future, more agricultural and carrots grew well at tin- station. Laurn Bcutler, agronomist, reported. . N'arr&ngansctt alfalfa was the top yieUer, averaging two tons per acre in the past five years. The legurie was seeded solid in ! 2-inch rows. N-10 saf flower pro duces the highest average yield of eight varieties tested, aver aging 1,350 pounds per acre. Dakota seed flax was highest yiclder of five varieties tested, ( averaging 28 bushels per acre. Average price from 1949 to 1956 was $333 per bushel, ac cording to the agronomist. Top yielder of canary grass seed was a Turkish import, which everaged 1.749 pounds per acre. Cdnary grass seed is used for canary and parakeet feed, and is sold on the commercial market lor aliout $70 a ton. Seed is currently supplied by imports. Bcutler indicated winter narai ness of canary grass for the Pendleton area is unknown. All of last year's fall-planted canary grass was killed. Carrots have survived the dry months for the past 4 years, and have resumed growing after fall rains. 1958 yields averaged about 11 tons of marketable carrots per acre. Farmers also viewed a vertic al mulchcr, a new machine dc- mulcher chops wheat straw and leseaich will be needed to in 'iIowj it into a vertical trench sure in aucquaie loee .uppiy. about 18 inches deep. Worked nlong a contour, the mulchcr may ur.prove water intake rates. Trials are being established for the first time this spring. Early blooming shrubs and trees should be pruned early in the growiny season so they can make new growth for bearing Noon speaker was Dr. Ritchie next year's flowers. Most flow Cowan, acting head of farm crops icrs are produced on wood grown at Oregon Stale College. He I the previous year. Leave a good pointed out the current food sur- framework to produce tills new pluses could feed no more than wood. nounced during the Congress, Nov. 29 to Dec. 3. Awards in the field crops pro gram are provided by Arcadian Products Department of Allied Chemical Corporation. 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