Pag;e Two
LA GRANDE EVENING OBSERVER. LA GRANDE, ORE.
Friday, ffune 1, 1934
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BEET SUGAR TODAY REACHES
HIGH STATE OF PERFECTION
Pure Sugar Now Produced Entirely From American
l1 arms Meets With Growing Approval
of American Housewives.
To Oliver de Scrrcn. a French agro
nomist, goes Die credit lor discover
ing the fact that the beet root con
tained auger. No immediate use waa
made of thlo discovery and It was
nearly fllty years (1747) before An
drew 8. Margraf, a Prussian chemist
carried on experiment which result
ed In obtaining sugar crystals from
beets. His work bore fruit through
his pupil. Karl Fran Acliard, who
after the death of Margraf carried on
his work. Achard succeeded In In
teresting Frederick the Groat In the
possibility of extracting beet sugar
commercially and secured financial
assistance from him. The emperor
died In 1786 and the work ceased uri
ll his successor, Frederick William
01 became Interested, By 1799, Ar
chard had developed a practical
method of extraction ead In 1B07 a
Schilling
r
epper
The luxury of good pepper is
anyone's. It costs no mora.
factory was ready for operation ftt
Cunern, Silesia. This factory sue
ceeded In producing a email quantity
of sugar at a high cost.
It Is Interesting to not that tho
producers of cane sugar, alarmed at
the threatened invasion of their field,
offered Achard S30,000.0t to discon
tinue lm experiments. Two years
later he received, and refused another
offer of $120,000.00.
In 1803 an experimental factory
was built near Paris, These early at
tempts were handicapped by low
sugar content of the beet and by lack
of efficient methods of extraction.
Their actual recovery of sugar was
only two per cent.
The establishment of the beet sugar'
Industry on a commercial basis waa
an outgrowth of th0 Napoleonic warn
Importation to Franco of sugars pro
duced In BrJtlnh colonies was prohi
bited fry Napoleon's embargo of 1806
and British retaliation cut off tho
supply from France's own colonial
possessions. Ac a result sugar price
rose to unbearable heights. That year!
the French government offered a
bounty on domestic sugar production
and In 1811 the first French com
mercial factory was built near Lille.
Napoleon oaw the possibility of the
Industry and took Immediate and
characteristically vigorous steps to
foster It, He arranged for selected
students from technical schools to be i
sent to specially provided beet sugar I
schools and set aside large tracts of J
land to be devoted to beet-rateing. A
government grant of 1,000,000 franca
was used for research work In de-
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vol oping beets to higher sugar con
tent and the extraction processes to
greater efficiency. These measures
were so effective that by 1818, 334
smalt sugar factories were operating
In Franco. With the fall of Napoleon
and the end of the wars, European
ports were thrown open to cheap cane
sugar competition and the Infant In
dustry was nearly killed.
The work carried on, however, Pe
louze developed better plant breed
ing Information and better methods
of manufacture were discovered. Gov
ernmental aid In the form of subsi
dies and bounties was forthcoming
in France, Germany, Austria-Hungary.
Belgium and the Netherlands. Ger
many in particular formulated con
sistent protective legislation and the
growth of the Industry there was more
sound than In France. Considerable
attention was given In Germany to
the Improvement of the beet and to1
tho processes of manufacture. The j
success of that work was so thorough !
that at the outbrenk of tho World
war Europe had 1200 factories refin
ing 0,000,000 tons of sugar annually:
nearly one-holf the world's supply.
Beet sugar had displaced cane almost
completely In the European markets.
The sugar beets, which In tho begin
ning carried only 4 per cent of sugar
had been built to more than 15 per
cent; the crude, Inefficient method
of refining had been brought to high
degree of perfection and the factories
could make pure sugar at competitive
casts.
The pioneering . process in the
United States has been nearly as ar-
duous. Beets were first grown suc
cessfully, for experimental purposes,
near Philadelphia In 1838. Two years
later the first factory waa built at
Northampton, Mass. This plant suc
ceeded In making 1300 lbs. of sugar.
but the venture was a financial fail
ure. During the period from 1838 to
1870 numerous attempt were made
to establish factories but all resulted
In failures. The Mormons of Utah in
1852 made en attempt to found the
Industry there. Machinery and eeed
wcrs purchased In France and a study
made of the methods in use. The
machinery was carried by boat to New
Orleans and up the Mississippi to Fort
boa ve a worth, Kan. From there, 62 ox
teams were used to carry It more than
1000 miles overland to Salt Loke City,
where It was sot up. Difficulty wai
encountered In getting the sugar to
crystallize; only syrup was produced
and the factory waj abandonod In
1855.
Other factories wero built In Illi
nois, Wisconsin, Delaware, Maine,
Massachusetts and California. They
were small and the costs high. Im
perfect machinery, low quality o
beets, lack of experienced beet raisers
and lack of governmental and other
Interest, all militated against , their
success and all woo given up. It re
mained Jor E. H. Dyer, In 1870, after
Tour complete financial failures to
place a factory at Alvarado, Califor
nia, on a paying basis. Claus Sprock
et built a plant at Watsonvllle, Cal
ifornia, In 1888, which operated at a
profit. ,
In 1B90 tho Oxnnrd brothers, after
a careful study of European methods
built a foctory at Grand Island, Ne
braska, and followed It, in 1801, with
plants at Norfolk, Nebraska, nnd
Chlno. California. Tho samo year
saw umn re-entering the field with
a successful venture at Lehl, Utah,
iiisv w urn immurr nil
fx-
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At this point governmental Interest
gave Impetus to the movement. The
Bugar Bounty Act of 1800 paid two
cents per pound to the producer. Iu
1804 the act was repealed and re
placed by the less favorable Wilson
act. The Ding ley act of 1807 gave
the first effective tariff protection
and stimulated development. During
the same period technical schools
were being drawn on for scientific
minds to Instruct the grower and the
manufacturer. The bus! new was suc
cessfully launched.
Its growth since 1897 has been fair
ly constant. Adverse legislation has
threatened It at times and retarded
Its growth, but the trend has been
regular. The Underwcod-61mmons
tariff act of 1914 reduced th tariff
and proposed to plr.ee sugar on the
free list Jn 1910: but the effect ofr
the .ct was nullified by ttie outbreak'
of the World war and the resultant
sugar shortage. In 1017 14 factories
were built in the United States, with
combined dally slicing capacity of
11,000 tons of beets.
Thus the period from 1790 to 1933
has watched the growth of the beet
sugar industry In the United States
from an experimental ' stage to a
vastly Important affair; from, an In
fant, struggling against adverse con
ditions arising from Ignorance, faulty
tool j of trade, and lack of apprecia
tion and understanding of Its poten
tialities, to a well-established, i and
highly organized commercial and
agricultural enterprise. In 1933 beet
sugar factories refined 1.629,000 tons
of sugar from beets grown on 984.6C)
acre of land. The recovery of sugar
from, each ton of beets rose from 6
per cent in 1891 to 15.23 per cent in
loaa. in tne waxe oi. increased sugar
production in the United States has
followed more efficient farming, high
r yields of other crops as they have
followed beets, increased land values,
expansion of Irrigation, sound banks
and shorter delinquent tax lists.
MERCHANTS OF
CITY WARNED
AGAINST TWO
A letter has been received by Lynn
Larson, secretary of the chamber of
commerce warning merchants of aU
towns in Oregon to be on the lookout
for Fred Hart whose last known ad
dress was 1606 X avenue. La Grande
and A. A. Breese, 628 E. Benton st.,
Pocatello, Idaho. These two men are
alleged to have been working confi
dence game and swindling merchants
out of hundreds of dollars In several
western states, it is reported. They
claim to be representing the different
periodicals. Including the Brother
hoods' publications.
Hart is known here, having made
his home in La Grande for several
years.
'Eastern Oregon 'Lambs
Bring Top Price Here
(Continued from Page one)
prices may be secured.
The association Is now preparing
for shipment a double deck car of
hogs which will be shipped from El
gin tomorrow.
MRS. L. KIDDLE
ON TRW EAST
Mrs. Lyle Kiddle accompanied iy
her son, Robert, iia left on an ex.
tended trip east. They will llrst go
to Henrietta, Okla.. where the wui
visit a sister, Mrs. William Seymour,
then to Mt. Vernon, 111., to visit her
parents. Judge end Mi's. Robert M.
Farthing, and during her sty will
spend several days at tho World's Pair
In Chicago. ' They expect to be genj
most of the summer.
In 1B35 Easter will fall on April 21.1
Livestock experts say Immature
grass In the spring of the year Is
about 00 per -cent water and there
fore it Is Impossible for grazing cat
tle to maintain their weight with-
out other feed. v -
First Q
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mi
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(Not Transferable)
The Riverside tires described below are guaranteed, without
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brakes, rim cutt, or any other road hazard (except as limited
herein) that may render the tire unfit for further service. '
If, at any time, any of such tires fail tor any reason except
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due to wheels out of alignment, faulty brakes, overloading, or
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This guarantee does not cover punctures, fire, or theft, damage
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Slret
Ply nd No.
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NEW 4-Pl.y plut 2 o-PLY plus i
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4.40-S1 . . $5.10 . . $7.10
4.50-21 . . S.70 . . M0 "
4.75-19 . . 6.10 i . 7.45 -
5.00-19 . . 6.50 . . S.IO
5.15-18 . . 7.10 . . 9.05
5.50.17 . . 7.90 . 9.40
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6.0020 (6 Ply plus 2 cord breakers . . H.80
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f an, aJrtrrrlr -
1101-3 Washington
La Grande
ban Ever fglv
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Phone Main 18
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