pace 4
iiA GKAlfDE EVENING OBSERVER, THURSDAY, JANUARY 5, 1911.
THE OBSERVER
, BRUCE DENNIS
Editor and O'Tiier.
Entered at the posfortice at La Grande
as spcond-f l iss ma(t( r.
SUBSCRIPTION . RATES
Pally, single copy 5c
Dally, per week, Vc
Dally, per month....... Cue
This paper will not publlBh an ar
ticle appearing over a nom de plume.
.Signed articles will be revised sub
ject to the discretion of the editor.
, Please sign your articles and save
disappointment.
TAXING GROSS IXCOMES.
The city of Portland Is at least
awakening to the fact ttiat her public
service corporations should be taxed
on their gross earnings. It Is pro
posed to Insist on the lighting corpor
ations paying 3 per tcent on gross
business transacted. Whether this Is
a Just tax or not only those Investi
gating matters can tell. But this much
Is certain public service corpora
tions in most cities and towns pay
nothing like the amount they should
tor the privilege of doing business.
Furthermore, it would be but right
for corporation
to issue a report of It business to the
public so that watered stock could be
detected and the earning power of
money actually invested be determin
ed. If this were done the great en
mity against these corporations would
oon diminish provided" the the earn
ings are within reason and Justice.
But in many instance the earnings
are not within reason' and therefore
there is a profound secrecy thrown
around corporation business. Too
much water is added to actual in
vestment; too much, money is re
ceived from bond sales for the pub
lic to be made wise to the transac
tion. The day is coming and the cor
porations of the west as well as the
east, had J ust as well make. ' up
their minds to It. when tjie public
will know what legitimate earnings
are ; being made by these concerns
that serve the pubjic and receive
their business from the. public. "
At once we hear some one say,
"what right has the public to bntt in
to a business where individuals' have
Invested their money ?" If the deal
ings of these companies were with
Individuals, or if there was healthy
competition in their lines this state
ment might be well taken, but such
Is not true. Franchises are granted,
the right of eminent domain is given
and many other concessions are re
ceived from the public by these con
cerns who la rettirn should be com
pelle to play fairly with the people.
Not only In Portland but all over
Oregon and the northwest there needs
to be a readjusting of the attitude of
the public service corporation toward
the public.
How Electricity is tfenxnrcd.
Few of us, outside of engineering
circles, know how that mysterious
servant.: electricity, is measure. We
only know that the regular monthly
billa call for -1567 154324 kw-hr.
for which please remit 12.40." Many
of us have gone down cellar, or up
In the attic, with a lighted candle to
stare with mystified wonder and pro
found awe at the little mechanical
meter with its Incomprehensible dials
and unreadable figures only to won
der what it was all about
Strictly speaking, electric energy Is
measured In kilowatt hours. A kil
GEORGE TALKER, PRes. P. J. D0LMES, Vice Pres.
W. L. BREMIOLTS, Ass't Cash EARL ZCNDEL, 2d Ass't Cuh,
F.L.MEYr!!S,Co8hler.
La Grande National Bank
of La Grande, Oregon
United States Depository
Capital, Surplus and Undivided Profits $200,000,00
(:eouk nLat'Jv . :...hsu:miilts
Ft J. jittLXL's n. j.ri? vt v ..'.
With enr ample rcsonrccs uni facHHIes we ran render you effl.
cleat service aad handle jour business to your entire satisfaction.
owatt hour Is practically the same as
one and one-third horse-power hours
since 746 watts equal one horse-power.
The watt is a rate of work Just
as a horse-power is a rate of work.
One tells how hard the dynamo has
to work, while the other tells how
hard a horse or engine has to work
to produce the required energy.
The measurement of electric power
may be simply explained thus: The
current enters the house and a cer
tain fraction passes through a small
motor contained in what is called a
meter. The moving part of the motor
or armature, Is connected to an ordin
ary counter, such as is used on bycl
cles, gas meters and automobiles. This
system of toothed wheels is arranged
to count the number of watt hours
of electricity. A thousand watt hours
is called a kilowatt-hour. The .pre
fix "kilo" always means 1,000. A kilowatt-hour
costs about ten cents. If
the result is desired ' in horse-power
hours it is only necessary to remem
ber that a kilowatt hour Is the same
as one and one-third horse-power
hours.
The wattmeter is peculiar in that
It measures power consumed. An in
strument which measures the quan
tity of electricity or "Juice" Is known
as an anmeter. because quantity of
"electricity", is always measured In
uiuVoit. An instrument which meas
ures the pressure which drives the
electricity is called a voltmeter, since
electric pressure ie measured in volts
Just aa water pressure is measured in
I pounds. The wattmeter, however,
take account of both pressure and
quantity; that is, it multiplies the
volts by the amperes and gives the
result In watts. Volts multiplied by
amperes give watts, Just as pounds-times-feet
give horse-power, provided
we assume that the work was done in
A certain time that is, so much work
done in a second, or minute or hour.
The dynamo or "generator" furnishes
a certain quantity of energy in kilo
watts, but this amount of energy must
be used for one hour before one-kllo-watt-hour
can be charged. Two kilo
watts for half an hour would amount
to .the same thing. Thus It is neces
sary not only to state the rate of work
in kilowatts, but also to state the time
In hours, hence the bill states that the
cost has been so much for such and
such kilowatt-hours that is, so many
kilowatts furnished light or power for
so many hours. For example 10,000
watts energy supplied for five hours
would amount to 60,000. watthours or
fifty kilowatt hours. .''.
The ordinary sixteen cand:e-;iv'-er
lamp consumes energy at tu rate
of about fifty-five wjtts, since the
pressure ewerted by the generator
is about 110 volth. and each lamp al
lows one-half of an ampere to flow
through it. This is three and one
half watts to a candle power. Mazda
I lamps use about one and one-half
i watts to a candle, power. One hun
dred and ten multiplied by a half
gives fifty-five, the number of watts,
or as the engineer puts it "Joules per
second." The Joule Is, strictly, a cer
tain amount of energy or work exact
ly like the ordinary foot pound, and is
related to the .watt in the same way
j the foot pound is related to the' horse
power, differing only in stating the
I time In which a certain work is done.
; It makes a big difference whether
, work Is done In an hour or a week,
and of course we wish to pay for work
actualy performed. This the wattme
ter really keeps track of, and, whether
we 'use one light or a hundred, this
little instrument will always be on
hand, night and day, to take a record
of the amount used. Perhaps the un
thinking personMVho carelessly leaves
C ft PKJinOTOX
IV. P. (LEAVER
r.'jr. by hit 1
the electric light on when not needed
would be "more careful if he remem
! bers that the generator has to actual
i ly exert one-fourteenth of a horse
, power to keep that single light going,
j even though the cost !b but half a
cent an hour, v ,
AFTERSOLFERIPiO. '
The Gentleman In White" and the
Idea of the Red Cro.e.
During the Italian war 1S.j3 y Mng
Jean Duuant was trio Kilns in that
country. After the baftl if Solferiuo
he visited rie field,- and. seeing the
terrible suffering's of the wounded sol
diers who lay around unattended, he,
with the assistance of several ieasant
women, formed an ambulance. service,
with its headquarters lu a little church
at Castigllone. Ilevhelpcd with his
own hands to bind up the wounds of
Frenchmen, Italians and Austrians
alike.
"They are all brothers," he said. "A
wounded enemy Is an enemy no long
er." And lie and his corps of helpers
brought water and medicine and
smoothed the pallets of straw nnd
cheered the unfortunates and closed
the eyes of the. dead and performed
the Inst kind offices for the dying.
Dunant was regarded by the hundreds
of wounded ns a miracle of goodness
little less than an angel. "The gentle
man in white" was the way In which
the officers spoke of him as he moved
around pmnn -;cf uKur cloth
ing making him conspicuous on the
Held. i,
Ills experience, at Solferlno. where
he saw that the willing hands of a
few untrained helpers actually saved
many lives and comforted hundreds of
others, Inspired him with the grand
Idea of an organization the Red Cross.
Christian Herald.
COSTLY DROP CURTAIN.
The One, Meissonier Didn't Paint For a
' ; French Theater. . '
The enterprising manager of a thea
ter called upon the famous French art
ist Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier on
one occasion and asked him to paint a
drop scene for a certain theater and
name his own terms. . - , '
"You have seen my pictures, then?"
asked Meissonier.
"Oh, yes," exclaimed the manager,
"but it Ja your name I want! It will
draw crowds to my theater.?
' "And how large do you wish this
curtain to be?" inquired the artist.
"Ah. well, we will say 15 by IS me
ters." Meissonier took up a pencil and pro
ceeded to make a calculation. At, last
he looked up and said, with Imper
turbable gravity: s
"I have calculated and find that my
pictures are valued at 80,000, francs
rtr meter. Your curtain, therefore,
will cost you Just 21.000,000 francs.
But that is not all. It takes me twelve
months to paint twenty-five centime
ters of canvas. It will therefore take
me Just 100 years to flniBh your cur
tain. You should have come to me
enriler, monsieur. I am too old for the
I underajdngnoj ,
' xAcadio-Numerals.
An lllustratioir"of-s-hat mankind
owes to the labor saving Arabic nu
merals compared with preceding forms
of notation Is shown In adding 1848 to
1848. the sum of which la expressed in
only four figures, or 3600, Meantime
in Roman characters we would have
to denote 1S48 with the capital letters
MDCCCXLVIII. Repeating these let
ters explains why Cicero complained
of the sweating toil of all addition.
On that account Homer's total of Aga
memnon;s fleet Is not. the correct
sum of the different contingents to it
which he gives of the Grecian states.
Herodotus is worse yet when he gives
the total figures of Xerxes' army after
enumerating the quota of the various
nationalities which composed if Like
wise what a Jife insurance company
would now do without Arabic nu
merals may be'' imagined. Dr. Wil
liam Hanna Thomson in Designer.'
How Machinery Breathes.
An EuglM) writer ;u euvliioti'Int
subjects, Morvyn O'Gonunn. cnli.-t m
tention to the fact that c iioii oi" ma
chinery, such as an autoinobli.v !:'!!
aside after belnp nsa ii in danger f
internal rnstins through a klud u rc-"
Juration which nffe;ts cylinders, trenr
boxes, dutch chiiiiilnus, intcrsives i:i
ball bearings, and so forth. Every in-
Closed air space "breathes" by draw, i
lug In air when a fall of temperature r
contracts its y:vlts and expelling it ,
when the walls expand through heat.
The moisture' introduced with the ulr
Is deposited in the cavities and may
produce serious damage through rust '
The popular belief that oil will pro
teet the Inaccessible parts of unused
machinery is fallacious, s'ace nearly
all oils take up about 8 per cent of
water in solution.
Acts pf the Apostles.
The weight of testimony is in faYor
of St. Luke as tfcj author of the Act
of the Apostles, though some respect
able critics claim that the authorship
Is quite unknown. There are no sure
data for determining uhe date of th
Acts. Various dates haTe been as
cribed. Some think jbyat It jjas writ
-j A i ii i .hi ...-V. )V jfy. ,U tth i hi A A , gfc. W V nV, stuiiV l-J ti -HiPV . 'to isfn . A 11 ni ii iTi " " k i A A a a g
Thirteen Proves to Be a Lucky Number
Wests
The Most Successful Sale we ever held
PRICES LOWER THAN EVER BEFORE
es IN EVERY DEPARTMENT
Hen's Clothing reduced 25 to 50 per ct.
One lot Men's' Suits, sale price . .$2.90
One lot Young Men's Suits, sale $3.75
Men's Dress Pants at . ... . . Half Price
. i ,
Malone MackinawsV your choice $4.30
Boys Xtragood Suits reduced 25 per ct.
Annual
Clearanc
EVERY ARTICLE IN THE STORE REDUCED 1 1
8 Wo IKo WESTjHt QUALITY STORE
fen atout the year 80, while otherU
hold that it could not have been writ
ten before the second century, about
A. D. 125.-New York American.
A Hard Stunt
A man can do almost anything
when he discovers that he must."
"Have you ever felt that you must
get upstairs at 2 a. m. without waking
your wifer-Chicago Record-Herald
A Sensitive Child. - .
Uncle Gus-So this Is the baby, eh?
I used to look just like him at that
age. What's he crying about now?
Niece Susie-Oh, Uncle Gus, he heard
at you said. Chicago News.
By desiring what Is perfectly good
we are part of the divine power
against evll.-George Eliot
MARCHED AND MUNCHED.
The Soldiers Who Didn't Steal th
Apples Ate Thorn.
A reprimand which takes the form
of a juke ls'soinctiiuts more effectual
than a burst of anger. Su.'h an exam
ple was furnished by a O lUViierate
officer and described by T. O. Moore m
his 'Auecdou-s of Geut rfil (. kbai ue'
The southern army, march-.;: ncrws
the mountains of lleuiL;. i...u 1; u;i
ply trains cut oif and oulii Jo
live upon the country. ...
Apples, t best m-ii r.n.l ''piirslajtuims
were plouty, but. t' '--. h;:i
orders not to dcpvoUui np.; u i rlvutv
property. Oiie ufty 1 wui midgut
along in the rear of General Gran
bury's brigrde whou I ta?. down the
road General Cleburne sitting on the
top rail of a fen. e, while below him
lay five or tlx bushels of fine red aj
ples. Near by stood a number of sol
diers, who looked as mean as men
could look.
Gfiieral Graubury saluted General
Cleburne. vho remarked:
"I'm peddling apples today."
"How's thati" ... . -"T!:re
gentlemen," pt.iutlng to tha
BoWlers who had Vtolen the apples,
"have beeu very kin.!. ' T!iey have
gathered, apples for uie aiid charged
nothing. I'll give them to you and
your men ' Now get down nnd take
one, and each of your men take one
only one. mind you-uutil - all are
gone.
The invitation was accepted, the
men cheering for "Old Pat," When
the apples were gone the general made
each man who had steien the apdea
carry a rail for a mile or two
13
iearaece
Men's Shoes,
Men's Shoe3,
Ladies' Suits
Misses Dress
Gordon Furs
:e of Muslin UncTwr
in the Millinery Department.
Old Postal Rates.
! The high postal rates that prevailed
In the earlier years of the last cen
tury made the transmission of a letter
or parcel a matter of serious moment
"A packet weighing thirty-two ounces
was once sent from Deal to London,"
writes Mrs. Eleanor Smyth in her life
of Sir Rowland Hill. "The postage
was over 6, being four times
as much as the-charge for an Inside
place by the coach. Again, a parcel of
official papers small enough to slip
inside an ordinary pocket was sent
froni Dublin to another Irish town ad
dressed to Sir John Burgoyne. By
mistake it was charged as a letter in
stead of as a parcel and cost 11. For
that amount the whole mail coach ply
ing between the two towns with places
for seven passengers and their lug
gage might have been hired." London
Chronicle.
To Identify a Child.
My small son did not return at the
regular time one day while out with a
maid. The thought terrified me that
in case of an accident there Would be
no way of Identifying him should he be
lost. The next morning I cut pieces .of
wide tape, on which I wrote very
clearly his name, address and our tel
ephone1 number in indelible ink. I
sewed one of these pieces to each of
his underwalsts, In front where It
:oukl be plainly seen. K. E. A. in Bar
ter's Bazar.
Taking No Chances.
Tfc Reamer had left the pier.
The young man on the tar barrel still
waved his handkerchief desperately.
"Oh, whafre'you waiting for? Come
on," said his companions disgustedly.
"I daren't." with one fearful glance
backward. '
"What's the matter?"
"She has a fleldglass." said theroung
man. Everybody's.
In the Barber Shop.
Customer-What do yon mean by
that sign, "Shavinc Pessimists, 2u
cents?" Barber That's because it
takes more time to shave a man with
a long face. Jndgo.
Distance. '
"Father. Is it very far across the
ocean?"
"Tee; It's a long way."
"About how many blocks?" Brown
ing's MSgaKine.
He that. lives upon hones win
fasting. Franklin.
A
wmm
sale price . . . . 90c to $2.65
sale price .... 50c to $2.90
ft
reduced 25 to 50 per cent
Shoes . : ... 90c to $1.25
Sale
One lot Waists at . . Half Price j
reduced . . : . . .25 per cent J
LET US DIE FOR voir
. In fact the only way we Ihe Is by
dyeing. Don't dye yourself.
It's better than dyeing yourself.
WE DIE EVERY DAY.
AXD DYE FOR AIL .
..Our charge for dyeing for you won't
Je hglh. A sample Job, In sufficient
For best dyeing and cleaning hare us
do it
ELITE CLEANING & DYE WORKS,
Phone Main 61.
all
THE
Grocery 6 Bakery
Now ready for business at the I
old stjmd. under the manage- I
ment of Herbert Pattison, ow-
ing to the withdrawal or Mr. 4
Herman Iloeseh. b ftm now
-u, xp Berve tne publi(J
best I can.
Yours very truly,
Herbert pattison.
Royal Grocery
t Bakei j
7..
i .
Roy