nzcnou hpagzz 9 to 12.
1 1
I
VOL. XI
LA GRANDE, UNION COUNTY, OREGON. FRIDAY, JUNE 3, 1910
NUMBER 183
7V
m
i -j
(
- nnnnirnTiPin innnrnn
- jr-i if i i - i - i m it i i
' Pear blight is one of the evils
which Grande Ronde valley will have,
to fight against with more or less
vim as the orchards increase and the
pest spreads. One of the beat artl-
cles that has been, complied In this re
lation Is one written by the depart
ment of plant pathology and entomol
ogy at 0. A. C. It follows: -
What Is Fire Blight.
; Fire blight Is the most eerlous of all
the diseases which' attack the pear
: and apple. It is a contagious disease
: of bacterial origin which, under prop
. er conditions, may attack any part of
. the tree. Besides the pear and apple,
'3H th flnlnna. wild crab-aDole. . haw
thorns, mountain ash, , serviceberry
I and some other pomaceous trees are
: -subject to- attacks of this disease.
,. Caase of Disease.
Fire blight Is caused by a minute or
ganism belonging to the group, of bac
: terla and known technically as Bacil
lus amylovorua. It Is a rod-shaped,
j motile germ which divides very rapid
iy by simple fission and is found in
;:; immense numbeis In the diseased tls
' sue. The germs are so minute that
; they measure only about 1-25000 of
an inch In length and are visible only
i under the highest magnification of
. the compound microscope.
Proefs of the Bacterial Nature of the
Disease.
Myriads of germs are present In all
; freshly blighted portions of the tree
;; and. In the sticky ooze from exuding
i ; cankers. Pure cultures of the organ
t; -4 ism may bo obtained from diseased tis
sue and cultivated for generation af
ter generation on suitable culture "me-
I
I
it
x S :
y
v S
if
s
Call and
FMfM
I
41a. ."Healthy tissue Inoculated with
frms from such a pure culture will
become characteristically diseased
The germs are found In abundance1
In the tissues so Inoculated and when
grown in pure culture and compared
with germs from naturally infected
tissue, and with those used to produce
the artificial Infection, are found to
be identical.
i Part of the' Tree Affected,
j . The germs live almost entirely in
the sappy portlon of the bark, though
in some vigorous-growing varieties of
pears the germs have been known to
invade the sap wood to a limited ex
tent When inoculated Into the grow
In tins of "branches, into the blos
som or the fruit,' the germs are found
generally throughout the tissues.
Distribution. '
Fire blight occurs In more or less
severity In nearly ' all parts of the
United Statea where pears and apples
are grown. It was first reported in
the Hudson River valley, N. T., about
1792 and was doubtless Indigenous
in, the eastern; United States. ''
In Oregon Fire Blight has appeared
in two general localities one In -the
southwestern- part of the state; in
cluding the Rogue River, valley, the
other In the . northeastern, part ; The
former region, has doubtless become
infested by the spread of the disease
north from California, while the east-
. era part of the state has been infect-
ed through Idaho or Washington along
the northern route.'
life Cycle of the Blight Organism.
Beginning- to the spring" the first
apparent damage produced by ;the
disease Jn an Infected orchard Is the
Upon retiring from the Observer, which I founded
11 years ago, many friends asked me "Where are you go
ing to move to!" and not a few were surprised when I told
them I entertained no thought whatever of leaving grand
old Union County. This was natural for the general rule
has been for those selling out to move away. ,
For several years I have been impressed with, the pos
sibilities of a rapid growth of this city and county and that
I would engage in the real estate business. The opportu
nity came and if you think I can be of any service to you
in either selling or buying I will be pleased to do so.
Ust your properly with me '
or if you have a business to dispose of, call and let us talk
it over. . ':''.':'. -O. ;:;',?
are
Qpp
ortunities
Number !.
; A well improved farm of 160 acres adjoining the city
'units, containing a commerciarorchard, two barns, house
with furnace, hot and cold water, nice lawn, cellar with
let me explain to
108 Elm Street, two doors north of City: Recorder's Office. Phone
0HGWD5
blighting of the blossoms. Infection
Is brought about by insects, principal
ly bees, which have visited a case of
hold-over blight and become covered
with the organisms contained in the
sticky exudation, inoculating the
flowers In their search, for nectar.
The organisms divide and multiply in
the nectar and are able to enter the
living tissues through the unprotected
nectaries. Having entered the tis
sues they quickly -blight the blossoms,
pass down the blossom-stem and In
to the fruit spur, killing the tissues
and cutting off the leaves from water
supply causing them to shrivel and
dry, thus producting "fruit ' spui
blight" The latter occurs several
weeks ' after blossom infection. ' In 1
very serious cases nearly all the fruit
spurs may be blighted in this way
and the trees set no fruit. Usually
the germs die out and do not growj
into the twig or branch on which the
spur occurs but occasionally the
germs may continue into the bark of
the branch at the base of, the "fruit
spur and form a typical canker. Fruit
purs on the larger branches are a
fruitful source of body Infection and
many cases of blight canker originate
in this way. y
Appearance of the Disease.
The name "Fire Blight" is given to
this disease because of the character
istic appearance of pear foliage on
twigs or branches which have been
killed by the blight organisms. The
leaves turn black as though scorched
by fire and frequently remain on. the
tree during the following winter. It
should' be noted th&t ; this color, of
the', foliage vU characteristic of .the
3rou my
Exceptional
H
2i ilo
pear when It has been killed during
the growing season. , If a grower not
familiar with the pear blight desires
to know how the "twig blight" looks
let him girdle a twig In mid-summer
and watch the results. The foliage of
the fruit spurs, killed by the blight
has much the same appsr.rance as that
of the twigs. On the apple the foliage
of twig and fruit spur blight turns
brown and drr. .
The cankers are also quite charac
teristic but are very variable in ap
pearance, dependent oa the age of
thebranch attacked and upon the con
dition of the tree. The disease pro
gresses most rapidly in the fleshy
outer layer cf the bark and at first
produces a watery appearance in tha
affected area.- Later the tissues of
the bark are more or less broken down
and the cankers become dark in color
and slightly sunken and are filled with
a gummy substance which In. active
cankers exudes. This exudate Is at
first sticky and contains myriads of
which visit, .such cankers in great!
abundance and become covered with
the organisms. If after becoming in
fected in this way they visit the bios-,
soms for nectar they Inoculate the
blossom with the germs 'which find
an easy access to the tissues of the
blossom through the nectaries.
Besides the blight cankers found
cn the limbs and trunks one frequent
ly finds in some varieties of pears and
Spltzenberg apples a large canker at
the surface of the ground extending
up on the trunk for some distance
and down, the large roots.' This con
dition is called "collar rot," and may
result from a blight canker appear
ing on the trunk and running down in
to the collar, or may result from in
fection taking place off at or near
the surface 6f, the ground.' Wounds
made by borers or gnawing animals
may furnish the' point of infection.
- ' root rot Snay be" caused - by the
cold running spring, free -from -winter storms, several'
large springs, beautiful view of the valley,. Land abutt
, iLg on three sides is held for twice the amount asked for
this property. THIS IS A BARGAIN 160 acres for
$8,000, or the place can be divided nicely, 80 without im
provements for. $3,000, all excellent fruit land. It will
only take a few moments to show you this place and, it
will speak for itself.
One of the best known restaurants in Union County
for sale at less than invoice price. Reasonable rent. An
opportunity , to step into a well established business, that
seldom presents itself. Call and learn particulars.
240 acres in Lower Cove, mountain land, 150 of which
-4 can be cultivated, Easy of access and in a very few years
will be worth many times the price now asked, $7 per acre.
Other Properties
320 acres of land east of Imbler; some .timber and
most of it good soil. $10.00 per acre.
A large farm for sale near Ladd Creek. .
-: , A. fine farm,near Union. - , ,
A nice home In South La Grande. ' " ' ' v
I believe
organisms gaining entrance to the
bark or roots through infection in the
tips of wate sprouts which come off
some distance from the tree. This
condition is common in some varieties
of pears. '':''.
A pear tree hen badly cankered Is
easily recognized at a distance in
the early autumn by the general red
dish cast to the foliage. When the
foliage of only a part of the tree is
10
MARKmNG
; La Grande People while spending
the day in Union can keep in touch
with business with the Bell Tele
phone System. It reaches every
where, . ' '
Pacffc Telephone and
Telegraph Co. i
tmy Bell Telephone h the Centre
- of the System.
V.
9
reddish it Indicates that a large can-,
ker has wholly or partly girdled one,
of the large branches. If the foliage .
of the whole tree is equally affected ,
we should look for a canker at the
collar or roots. It should be men
tioned, however, that any disorder of
the root system, whether due to pear
blight or some fungus or physiologi-'
'Contolnued on Page 10.)
p.
it will meet
Main 744
K P.