PAGE TEN
LA GRANDE EVENING OBSERVER FRIDAY, JUNE 3, 1910 ;
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EXHACSTIYE 0CTLI5E OF BLIGHT
15 02OIAI1DS. ?
(Continued from Page 8.)
cal disease will bare similar effect on
the foliage.. WheUel has pointed out
that when the apple la badly cankered
either on the larger limbs or trunk
the foliage Is pale green or grey, more
r less dwarfed and curled, a con
dition which' has been called by grow
ers "mouse ear." ''
' Hodes ef Infection.
. The pear and apple tree are covered
by a protective layer of llaene,' the
cuticle, through which the blight or
ganisms cannot enter, except the nec
taries and stigmas in the blossoms
and actively growing tips of. branches.
Therefore except In cases of blossom
Infection and some cases of twig
blight the germs can eater . only
through wounds which expose the
sappy portion of the, bark.' Wounds
mar be caused In various ways punc-!
tures of insects, birds (sap suckers),
gnawing animals, barking or other-
win a wnnnrtlne Thv careless farm hands
in cultivation, pruning 1 or. picking.
Germs may also enter through growth
cracks. . . -. :.. .' -.V-
CoadJUeas Favoring the Plseasey
The disease Is more prevalent in
, -rn'vTimr; . LI:!: .tzz'Vt. , zm
lng and in a succulent condition due
to naturally, rich, soil,, abundant cul-(
tlvatlon or. appucaMonjpf nitrogenous
fertilisers.' Heavy winter pruning has
a tendency, to stimulate rapid and suc
culent growth and! renders the -tree
more subject to the attacks of the
blight., Irritation should ,be reduced
to the minimum In infested orchards.
- Method of enJ. J ;.
The' only methods known of con
trolling Mre Blight, is to cut out all
cases" of "hold-over -cankers where
ever they appear. Spraying with fun
gicides Is of only supplementary value
and the various "blight cures" are
worse than useless and it is a waste
of time and money to apply them.
Experience has shown that It Is
of little. permanent: value to attempt
to cut out the spur and twig, blight
as they appear. Unless these.forms of
the disease extend into the branches
on which they occur and a canker, Is
formed the disease usually becomes
naturally limited, and the germs grad
ually die, due to drying out of the'
canker so that at' the- beginning of
the .dormant .season very few" such
rases show live germs present
The efforts of the grower should
be directed to cutting, out all cases
of blight canker and body canker dur
ing the fall, winter and early spring
when the cankers have become more
or less limited in their growth and
are not actively spreading.
' Summer cutting intelligently ap
plied Is frequently of great value par
tly ularly.. where .there, is only ,a lit
tle blight In the autumn before, the
leaves fall tea good .time to do the
cutting as all cases of twjg blight are
easily observed and the . condition of
the foliage as already described, of
fers a convenient method of deter
mining the presence, of -cases, of root
rot or collar rot and obscure cases
of blight canker on body or lower
limbs.
Every orcahrdlst in an infected dis
trict should examine all pear and ap
ple trees at the. time suggested and
cut out all diseased portions. The
trees should be particularly examined
' of tDe coIIar roL " U thl"
torn of the disease that causes many
trees to be killed outright
In Infected regions it has been found
practical by the most, successful own-era-
of orchards to keep one or more
men in the orcnara.uruis L sum
mer and fall whose sole duty it s
to locate , and, cut out all cases of
blight canker, as soon ssjher appear.
This work of, inspection and eradica
tion can very profitably be carried on
during the' summer and early autumn
but the best time to do the work is
In the late fall, winter and early
spring, for reasons already given. If
an orchard Is gone over carefully by
trained inspectors two or three times
and all cases of this so-called vhold
over" blight be cut there will be no
source of infection in the spring and
consequently no blossom , blight v ;
A final and very thorough inspection
of orchards should be, made in the
early spring before the blossoms open
so as to detect and remove any can
kers which, may have been missed
in . the earlier Inspections. This is
one of the most Important inspections
that should be given.
The matter of. eradication is com
plicated, however by the fact that
insects may carry the disease consid
Evil
It is evident that there are no evil men
Help us to make Union County towns the best illuminated
West. Patronize a home institution. John D. don't need
The
Housewife
If she uses electric cooking utensils. They are the greatest convenience hot
weather cooking. Electric irons make ironing a pleasure. We now furnish power
for niMy industries in Umbn ttiiri
Eastern
erable distances, and even though one
grower may ellmiaajte toJ4-oxer blight
from his own orchard he may lose a
large part of his crop by blossom
blight and ; have his orchard re-infested
by Insects carrying the blight
germs from hold-over cankers in a
less careful neighbor's orchard, v Ap
ple and pear trees In town and. city
lots are seldom cared for in an up-to-date
manner and in infected fruit
districts become a ver7 serious men
ace, to, commercial . orchards In the
vicinity...; ' 1-.. , . . '. ,';',-
Hew U Cut Ont the Disease.
Where cankers occur on small limbs
or are so extensive as to nearly gir
dle (he limb on which they occur
the whole limb or branch should be
removed. . In cutting off such a limb
It is important that one get well be
low the area of infection. For safe
ty, the cut: should be made at least
a foot below apperas ca'nkers as the
discoloration of the bark is frequent
ly so slight as to be easily overlooked.
., Where cankers occur on the larger
limbs and trunks, if not too extensive
the limb or tree may frequently be
saved by carefully shaving off ; the
diseased bark of the cankers to the
sapwood. Here again one should cut
well beyond the point of infection
especially abovaand below the canker
since the germs spreaa mowi :rylui
up and ' down from the . point of in
fection. V' v -.i'c.
In the pear at the beginning of he
dormant period the diseased bark , of
hold-over cankers; has. a characteris
tic reddish ' tinge . and : with a little
experience one can tell how far Infec
tion hat occurred. In, actively grow
ing .cankers tin soring and summer
it Is frequently, very, difficult, to, de
termine the., extent of the- infection
vertically as there may be very little
discoloration... In apples it is usually
more difficult to determine the extent
of infection than in pears.,,, , ,.
In cutting into .the cankers it is
convenient to use a gouge such as is
used by carpenters. , This is especial
ly valuable where cankers occur in
crotches, of limbs. It has. the special
advantage of making a clean cut that
can be eaBily. sterilized. ... ,
Sanitary Measures, ... ;
In cutting out the cankers it la
seceesary that the tools be kept moist
with some good disinfectant If this
1 1 1 1
reirer
r
I
never
Oregon light and. Power Co.
' ir-not 'done when cutting out an ac
tive canker each cut will reinoculate
I fh nmi Intn tha hnrV- at td mi
of the canker and the labor may thus
be useless.; ::'.. ;'t'-
Corrosive sublimate in a solution
of one part to one thousand of water
haa. been firand to.be the most satis- -factory
disinfectant It is convenient ,
to buy this from the druggist in tab- J
let form. The solution is a violent!
poison and should be so marked and1
carefully guarded. , It should be kept
in a glass bottle as, it will corrode j
metal , container! i i It n m : convenieat
to carry a spong'.or iloth which, is
kept moist with the disinfectant and
used to wipe off the tools after each
cut After the process of cutting out
a canker is completed sufficient time
should be allowed for the canker to
dry out thoroughly when, the surface
should be carefully disinfected,' and
then , painted over with white lead
paint The wound should be . kept
painted, with a coat, of paint healed
over by the formation of callus.
When cutting out twig blight or
when pruning out badly diseased limbs
the same precaution should be taken
and the pruning tools sterilized after
each cut. , All pruned branches should
be immediately taken from the or
chard and. burned. This is especially
important if cutting Is done in sum
mer. ' y.y., ; l 'v-
In infested district, sterilization of
all tools after each cut during regular
summer or winter pruning should be
made a regular . practice since It
might happen, that a hold-over can
ker be, cut into and the tools become
infected and the disease thus spread
throughout an orchard.
. Supplementary Methods of Control..
I : Spravlng wfth lime-sulfur solution
winter' strength after the : final
spring inspection and just before the
buds open has been suggested by
Waits as an aid In preventing the
spread of Frre Blight An, applica
tion at that time would cover over
any cases of hold-over canker and
serve to Mlslnfect the sticky ooze as
well as render it less attractive to
insects. ' ' ' '
Walte's method of pruning the pear
in vase form makes the best type of
trees in which to fight the pear blight
Fruit spurs" should be kept off the -larger
branches and' under no con--.
.1": ' f V"4
Loses her temper
Vltkial - should water s, sprouts' bej al
lowed to form 03 tie trunk or from
the roots. These' when occurring; on
branches or trunks should be cut off
flush with -the wood.-- A-convenient
tool for this purpose is the carpenter's
gouge. -Should water sprouts spring
up-from therroots-they- should be
cut off, below, the ground. . j, . ,
It: is good practice in infested dis
tricts 1 to? remove, all "weed, trees of
the Pome family which occur, road
sides or; in- the, vicinity, of commer
cial orchards as such trees, are veri
table jaurserles for the blight"
I
i
rraetiblllty ef ControlIIns; FlreBIIght
Fire , Blight . has proven so . wide
spread and destructive and has ruined
sa many pear and apple orchards in
various section of ..the country that
many, persons have the erroneous idea
that it cannot profitably be controlled.
In recent years it has been proven
conclusively that where all the pear
and apple growers in an InfeBted dis
trict ' work together, the control of
Fire Blight is not only practicable
but ceases to. be a serious problem.
The difficulty comes In getting all
the growers to Inspect their orchards
and cut out the, disease each year. ,
There are always disinterested per-;
sons, and in Oregon at , least , there
are still some general, farmers scat- -.
ii DJ lu, ou "XLi . rru:t tlzirlzZ The
own family, orchards.; It; Is difficulty
to make such. men, realize their' "re-
sponsibility In regard to Fire Blight
The town and city lot orchard 1st Is
In the? same class..! Efficient county
fruit Inspection can do, a great deal
toward persuading,, and "if necessary
forcing, such persons to either . keep
the disease under control in their or
chards or, cut down the infested trees.
Public sentiment must be aroused be
fore the County Fruit Inspector can
do efficient, work. r' The greatest good
comes la educating the people con
cerned, first, to' a realization of the
danger of Fire BHght and then to the
methods by , which the disease may
be kept under control. '; '
; The pear growing , districts which
have solved the problem of Fire Blight
are few In number, r Among, these
districts the Rogue River, valley in
Oregon has been notably successful
in applying Prof. Walte's method of
control. TThis work has been-; under
lights.
towns in the North
your patronage.
.Dairlsifiiess
the Immedtatf direction of Mr. p. j
O'Gara, Aislttant 'Patliologlst in the
department of agriculture. Through
a system of county fruit inspection
coupled with efficient education In j.,
gard to Fire Blight, public senUment
has been aroused and the people work
together, In.-controlling "the--disease. -;
It should be. emphasized, however
that the Fire Blight is a state and W
a loeal problem.' i The' 'disease I u
epreadlns; and ? in time ' will without,
doubt occur in all parts of. the state.
It depends on the people 'whether or
not it will be held undefeontrel. Complete-
eradication is not (o be expect
ed. NOTE. It is proposed to issue from
time to time circular bulletins 'deal
ing, with crop pest problems.' This
circular' is the first of ' the 'series. .
The department of entomology and
plant pathologywili be glad' to an
swer Inquiries relating to Insect pests
or plant diseases at amy time. Al"
as full a description of the trouble
as possible and send specimens for
examination. ' Address, Department
of Entomology and, Plant. Pathology,.
Oregon - Agricultural. College, Corval-'
lis, Oregon.., .
are you frequently hoarnf aDo yon ha
thit annoying tickling in your throaty Dot
your cough annoy yoa at n'gnu na oo y .
relief? II to, take UliamberUIn Coiigk'
K4!roedyatKiyou wililieplwd; iw
TilTAT rfrpTI HfTT.TT
withegff ;
auv flavor .
A Meal In.;
One Glass
'''af..'.': :!-- :
vvr' ;- Solder's . ; '
Gonfectionery Store .
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