SILVERTONAPPEAL.COM ❚ WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21, 2018 ❚ 3B
The best time to transplant seeds
Gardening
Carol Savonen
Guest columnist
Question: I’ve been reading articles about how to
start seeds indoors before planting them outdoors.
How do I distinguish a “true leaf ” from a "seed leaf?"
The directions say to transplant things when they have
2 to 3 sets of “true leaves.” I have not been able to find
this information in any of my gardening books, even
though, they too, use the term “true leaf.”
Answer: Plant scientists call the very first leaf or
leaves that show up when a seed germinates “cotyle-
dons” or “seed leaves.” These seed leaves came out of
the seed along with the plant embryo. These seed
leaves provide nutrients for the tiny sprouting embryo
plant as it begins to grow.
Some seeds such as beans contain relatively big
seed leaves. Next time you plant beans, watch as they
germinate. Those first fleshy leaves are the seed
leaves, or cotyledons, as they were part of the seed.
The next pair of leaves that grow are thinner and more
defined. These the first of the “true leaves.”
When a seed germinates, it is racing to produce its
own true leaves before the food stored in the seed
leaves runs out. If you plant old seed, germination and
growth are not as vigorous as when you plant fresh
seed with fresh seed leaves for the growing sprout.
Old seeds often have depleted seed leaves. They
lose their vigor during long storage. Think of it as if you
are feeding your baby plants rotten leftovers from the
fridge instead of fresh mother’s milk.
Once your seeds are up, be careful not to harm the
seed leaves when watering, thinning or transplanting.
If the seed leaves are destroyed or damaged early on, it
dooms the plant.
Err on the side of waiting for warmth. If you plant
seed outdoors too early in soil that is too cold and wet,
the seed leaves may exhaust themselves before the
plant produces enough true leaves to grow vigorously.
Pay attention to soil temperature. If temperatures of
your soil (not your air in the yard) stay below 50 de-
grees, then you may have to wait, use techniques such
as black plastic or a cold frame or plant sprouted seed.
Here are a few more secrets for beating cold and wet
spring conditions:
❚ Presprout peas by soaking them for a few hours in
water, then start them indoors in newspaper tubes,
toilet paper roll cardboard or paper cups. When they
are a couple inches tall, cold harden them for a week or
more. Then plant them outside when they are 4 to six
Chia
Continued from Page 2B
Marion-Polk Food Share already has notified the
100-plus food banks and meal sites it supplies, al-
though not all those organizations would have re-
ceived the chia seeds.
Donations are tracked by category, such as condi-
ments, but not by specific item, Oblack said, so the
food share can’t tell exactly where the seeds went.
Among the bigger groups that may have received it:
Union Gospel Mission and the Salvation Army.
Meals-on-Wheels, which is run by the food bank,
would not have received the chia seeds.
"Our first concern is food safety," said Rick Gaupo,
Marion-Polk Food Share president and CEO. "Occa-
Once your seeds are up, be careful not to harm the seed leaves when watering, thinning or transplanting. If
the seed leaves are destroyed or damaged early on, it dooms the plant. GETTY IMAGES
inches tall.
❚ Protect new sprouts from birds and other critters,
as these animals love to eat the young pea plants. Spun
row cover or chicken wire are good tools to keep ma-
rauding birds away.
❚ Use a cold frame or plastic hoop houses over your
beds to keep the rain off young transplants in the early
spring. When we have our occasional sunny days, drier
soils warm more quickly. Then plant early cool weath-
er crop seed under cover. Asian greens, lettuce, broc-
coli raab and arugula germinate well undercover in
March. If it is sunny, don’t forget to crack open the cold
frame or open an end or two of your hoop house.
❚ Start your earliest broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower
indoors. Or buy starts to get an even earlier crop than
sionally, we receive alerts about donated food. We
have procedures in place to remove the food from our
inventory and notify our partners and the public to
dispose of the product."
The seeds were distributed in one-pound plastic
poly film bags or resealable pouches, both with the
Oregon Food Bank logo.
Marion-Polk Food Share has asked its members to
post signs notifying the public of the recall and to re-
turn any seeds still in inventory. The food share, in
turn, will send the recalled seeds back to Oregon Food
Bank.
“I’ve also instructed our order pickers to keep an eye
out for this product that might be buried in the middle
of a pallet,” he said. “We’re going to do our best to keep
them off the streets, so to speak.”
tloew@statesmanjournal.com, 503-399-6779 or
follow at Twitter.com/Tracy_Loew
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EAST VALLEY SINCE 1975
Carol Savonen is a naturalist and writer. She is an
associate professor emeritus at OSU and tends a large
garden in the Coast Range Hills west of Philomath with
her husband and dogs. She can be reached at Carol.Sa-
vonen@oregonstate.edu or c/o: EESC, 422 Kerr Admin.
Bldg., OSU, Corvallis, OR 97331.
+&" & #& /#+& ".* ,
my first crop of seedlings. May is a better time to plant
some seed directly out in the garden.
❚ Get your tomato and pepper seedlings planted
from seed as early as February through March. Then
by April these can be transplanted into larger pots.
❚ Cold harden tender indoor-grown transplants in
late April and put them in the ground under plastic in
May until the nights get into the 60s in early June.
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