TP 1?
JLJLkJ X
VOL. XVII.
ST. HELENS, OREGON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1900.
NO. 52.
iiraSOMIIEIfK
Prom All Parts of the New World
and the Old.
OP INTEREST TO OUR MANY READERS
frmprthtiulvt Review of lh Important ttaa
tunings ol tht Put Week In
Conucrutd form.
Consul-General Klowe says the Boer
Wir i nearly tinier).
Knitter's mission to Europe witt frus
tmtod by t!i Kaiser.
Mm mail More klllud In train
wreck near Huiauu, Cl.
The IthinUa canal aoniinlsslim
itcoinmeiiils the Nloariijtua route.
fteuator Fairbanks, of liirilitua, In
Irottuoetl ft bill to admit Oklahoma as
stote, wUh two npieeitntutlves,
A report ramies from Quwu Charlotte
Island that the Indian there art abort
of food, Their wants will be sttuuiktl
tO.'
It la reasserted lu Tien Wri tlmt the
German lust W killed mid many
wounded west of l"o TIuk r'n, whoie
they were attacked by S.fiOO lloxers.
('oiiKressmsu Drltfgs Introduced
resolution in tli bouse requiring tlia
secretary of war to investigate the
practice of "bacinii'' at Want 1'oiot.
Senator l'ettluiew Introduce) a reso
lution lu tlia senate calltiiK upon the
postmaster-general to send to the Minute
aur Inlorniatioii be muy have lu hia
possession concerning (Ratal irauda in
Co ha.
Tanir Wang llaang, author of tha
outrages Ukiu the I'ao Ting- r'o mission
aiie', wa aradod thronyh the streets
ol Tien Tain in a cart under a strong
German guard, previous to lieing hand
ed over t the provisional goterumeuut
lor devaluation.
Tha state of Louisiana established
quarantine t .lliiu at El l'ano, Texas,
to guard against the possible lutrodtio-
tion of bolxiuio plague into that lute
from the fur Kt by way of the i'acillc
count. The Louisiana health olllce
wilt work In conjunction with the
Texas Inspector.
Frank Hawlejr, an American electric
promoter, ia now in London in the in
forest of an A'nerkau syudtvnte. , Mr.
llawlry aaya tha capitalist he repre
sent are ready to ud no lew than
1,000,000 in the couettuctlon of eloo
trio surface road In Im Ion and to tlia
uburba to radius of 30 mile. Not
a penny of ltritixb capital will be
asked, lie express himself a cmrl-
lut that the nndnnakiug will U a
financial iooctwa. j
Major Wood, niminanding the Cana
dian nioniitad police in the Vuknu tcr
rltory, who collects the royaltlne on
gold, reimrta tht collections thla year
on the Klondike output aa mounting
to nearly tWK'.OOii, about fiOO.ooO
mora than waa received lat year. Ten
per cent of the gold mined It supposed
to I paid to the government, which
would indicate the Klondike output (or
the toason to have been only $11,000,.
JU0, hot the general estimate hai placed
it at nearly .10,000,000,
Halem, Or., re-elected its reform mo
tjlolpnl ollloera.
The ahlp subsidy bill will displace
t)t l'hliippine bill.
Kruger wept at Kinperor Wllliuiq't
reluaal to meet him.
Five men were killed by the blowing
np of power house in Chicago,
The ahort aeaalon of the Fifty.aixth
congrem waa auoceaitfuily opened.
Colorado gam wardena arreated If
Jdoruioun who had killed 30 doer.
Itobbura blovr ap a Hilvortnn, Or.,
tiank, but failed to get at the cash.
A itrange woman ia exulting tht Pa
pngo Indiana to be guided by their
dreamt.
Cotif-rflMiunn Laocy and Senator Tul
lor are in favor of offering homea to tha
lloera,
Oncar h. Koor.e, a Went Point cadet,
ia dying from the cITecti of a huruiug
drink given liim by hucera.
- A drunken, man wna killed and bit
body deruiled a heavy looomotive on
the O. K. near Hood Kiver, Ore
gon. ,
Jtev. William Howard Day, D. D.,
general lecretHry of the A. M. li. Heo
ond ohuruh, dl d at Harriaburg, Pa.,
aged 78 year.
liev. Patrick Feehan, archblehop of
the Catholio arobdiofleae of Chicngo,
will wtire from the active manage
ment of nt oflloe jiflth the oloee ot the
iroaeut yeur.
General W. L. White, ex-quarter-maater-geueral
ol tha Michigan Na
tional guard, pleaded guilty to complic
ity ill atate millutry olotliiug.frap.dt,
and wat tentanced to 10 yenrt in prinon.
John Maine, a oouiitlile, wat mur
dered at Dallua, Tex., by burning- H-
clothing had been aaturated with tur
pentine and ignited. Both eyea were
burned out. John Chapman aud l'.d
Fanlknor, aaloon keeper, were arrest
ed, charged with the murder.
A correspondent of Pauttago de Cuba
tayt the nativet there are beooming
adepts in the American game ol bate
ball. Havana may yet bid lor a pluce
iu th National league.
A celebrated Kutgiah pbyaiolan tny
that be baa found that wnrta can be
cured by revacolnaton. He reiaoci
nated a girl of 18 who had 94 wartt on
one hand, and aoven woeki after the
oneratlon tha warta had all aiaappear
A. Man other remedies bud been
LATER NEWS.
German are itlll excited over
Kruger Incident, .
Japan it much disturbed by Tokio
municipal luandnla,
The Oregon ichool fund loitet an
average of 110,000 a year.
The river and harbor committee li
cnttlng down all entimatea.
The Philippines commission bat pre
pared a tariff lor the lslau la.
The execution of Ya Ilslvn It cer
tain whenever envoyt demand it.
The Chinese question ia again laid
to bo apptoacbing a settlement.
Filty-two Filipino prisoners bavt
been taken by American troops.
Eulouies were prououueed in tht
bouse oil tht late Kepreaeulative Mar-
IUBI,
Russia savs all credit for securing
existing tutentt belougs to United
(slates.
Johannesburg will be fenced around
With barb wire to cut off Doera' lood
supply.
United States Consul Goodnbw, at
Shanghai, will return home on leave of
absence.
Netherlands disavow! responsibility
for sympathetic letter of minister to
Kruger.
Senate will devote the present week
to llay-Pauneefott treaty and ship
subsidy bill.
The naval approplration bill will
provide for two more battleships and
two cruisers.
Delegate Wilcox, of Hawaii, strong
ly opposes importation of negro labor
Into the islands.
Tung Fu H slang to mean that govern-!
ment dealrea peace. I
Establishment of ship subsidy bill
as regular oraer win uupiaca Nicara
gua canal measure.
Bills for the reduction of war reve
nue tax and legislative appropriations
will likely pass the bouas thia week.
Robert W. Wilcox, Hawaii's delegate-elect
to congress, has arrived in
ban ranoiaoo, enroute to asmngion. j
Kruger was officially received by,
Queen Wilhelmiua. The queen bat ,
nromtsed to show ber friendship when
the proper moment arrlvet. ; j
A railway bridge collapsed In Ger
many, lettir-g an express train plunge
til at rati, m lutlriW. VlvA ItMttlOUB
were killed and eight badly injured.
Six hundred telegraph operators on
tht Atchison, Topeka Nauta Fa,
bavt walked out In sympathy with the
operators on the Gulf, Colorado &
Kan la Fe road.
The ministers at Pekln have readied
an agreement.
The new war revenue bill will redoot
taxation $10,000,1)18.
Tha rauslon roll for the com inn year
will call for tM-'.O.lO.OOO.
The novernor of Phnniihai publicly
executed 80 Boxer Readers.
Kmretjiiv Gaeo'i estimate for sovern-
went expense la f 026,741.762.
won I. MnvAr. of Haston. will
' J '
be appointed ambassador to Italy.
riiarlita A. Towne aooeDted the ap
pointment ol senator from Minnesota.
MnHall n.a.lfl a aensatioual SDeech in
the bouse against holding tlia Philip
pines. A amatl American force touted a
baud ot rebels at Sunto Domiugo,
Luton.
rv.ntnnt (nr erection of Halem. Or.,
postoffloe hat been awarded to a Chi
oago firm.
In a ttreet duel in a West Virginia
town a minister was killed by a prom-
iuent lawyer.
It is estimated that taxable valuation
ol Oregon for 1900 will be about 2,-
000,000 less than in 1HUU.
Fire In the Cambridge, Ohio, works
of the American Tiuplate Company,
caused a loss on finished tin alone oi
between fUS.OOO and $200,000.
John Luke Hely-Hutchinson, fifth
earl of Douoghmore, f.t one time assist
ant commissioner in r.asicru u-
mania, died of paralysis, in Loudon.
t..i.i. .iAaA tlw office of the West-
trn Lumber Company in Portland, Or.,
4.... i,Ar..m tha aitnilorea were ready to
receive their November wages in coin.
and secured f 4,700.
. . nr Vulr tha Paats-Tioton Com-
r,inaai tha most successful auction
sale of trotting and pacing norset in its
history. The proceeds of the sale were
$362,180 for 702 horses, an average ol
about $1500 a bead.
Fire In the upper storeroom of Hay
mnnA lima, nai the Wakefield Kattan
Company at Boston, caused a loss of
$160,000. of which $75,000 waa to the
.took and building of Haywood Bros.
and the Wakefield Company ana ine
rest to tho building adjoiuiug.
A serious cave-in occurred at the
Ray Aug. mine, near uunore, i.
man ware entombed. The
resouing party, altor nearly three hours
hard work, suoceeded In digging into
the chamber in which the men were
sntombid All were resouea, not one
being seriously injured.
The last enumeration shows a large
.i,,.. n i .i,a number ol dook
igentt, which in itself ia a good argu
ment In favor ol taking the ceusui
ivery five instead of every 10 years.
The Connecticut woman who nas
- .ia,. hpoiuise he changed
lUBU -------
her complexion from that of a blond to
I brunette reaiiy ougm ;
patience. The brunette will be in
lashion again before long, aud then she
will be glad ol the change. But wo
man glways was an impulsive oreature.
jriiiEn hem
Recommendations for Civil Gov
ernment in the Philippines.
REVIEW OP THE CHINESE QUESTION
The Hhtory of t Yttr-Thc West Indies
Operstlons of the DepsrtmenU Other
Foreljn Questions.
WAHHINUTUN, Dec. t. l'relant MC
Klnluy's measuta wsnt to Congrcsa to
cay. it tulluws:
To the Senate and House of Representa
tives: With the outgoing ot. the old and the
Incoming of the new century you begin
the last session of the Wth Congress, Willi
evtdcnras on every band of Individual and
Nnllonul pronperlty and with proof of the
aTuwIwr atrnath and Increasing power
fur aood of Jti-nubllcan Institutions. Your
countrymen will Join with you In fe
licitation that American liberty la more
firmly estubllxhed than ever before, and
that love for it and the determination to
preavrve It are more universal than at
any former period of our history.
The Republic was never so atrong, be
ciiuxe never so limiigly entrenched In
the hearts of the people as now. The
Constitution, with few amendments, exlsta
as It hft the hands of Its authors. The
additions which have been made to t
proclaim larger freedom and more ex
tended citizenship. 1'opulsr government
has demonstrated In Its 124 years of "trial
here its stability and security and la
efficiency as the best Instrument of Na
tional development and the beat safe
guard to human rights.
When tha sixth Congress aaaembled, In
November, 18uo, the population of the
United States was t.9l,483: It Is now
li.VA.m. Then we. had IS states; now
we have 45 Then our territory consisted
of 90.oe0 square mllea; It Is now S.MO.i'JO
square miles. Education, religion and
morality have kept pace with our ad
vancement la other directions, and, wnlle
extending Its power, the Government has
adhered to Its foundation principles and
abated none of them in dealing with our.
new peoplea and posseaalona. A Nation
so preaerved and blest gives reverent
thanks to Gou and Invokes his guidance
and the continuance of his care and favor.
CHINESE PROBLEM.
Caaaea That Led I'p to the) Beeeatt
Troablea.
In our foreign Intercourse the domi
nant question has been the treatment of
the C'htneae problem. Apart from this
our relations 1th the powers have been
happy.
The recent troublea In China spring
from the anti-foreign agitation which for
tha past three ;-cars has gained strength
In the northern provinces. Their orlitln
lies deep In the character of the Chi
nese races and In tha traditions of their
government. The Tai Ping rebellion and
the opening of Chinese porta to forelgi
trade and aettiemcnt disturbed alike the
homogeneity . nd the seclution of China.
Meanwhile foreign activity made Itself
felt In all quarters, not alone on the
coast, but along the great rivera, artertea
and in the remoter districts, carrying new
Ideas and introducing new associations
among a primitive people which had pur.
aued for centuries a national policy of
Isolation.
The telegraph and the railway spread
ing over their land, the steamers plying
on their waterways, the merchant and
the mtealonury penetrntlng year by year
farther to the Interior, became to the
Chinese mind types of an alien Invasion,
changing the course of their national life
and fraught with vague forebodings of
disaster to tholr beliefs and their self
eontrol. For several years before the present
troubles all the resources of foreign di
plomacy, backed by mora! demonstra
tions of the physical force ot fleets and
arms, have teen needed to secure due
respect for the treaty rights of foreign
ers, and to obtain satisfaction from the
restionsible authorltlea for the . aporadic
outrages upon the persons and property
of unoffending sojourners, which from
time to tlmj occurred at widely sep
arated points In the northern provinces,
as In the case of the outbreaks In Sxe
Chuen and Rlian Tung.
Posting of antt-forelgn placards be
came a daily occurrence, which the re
peated probation of the Imperial power
failed to clwk or punish. These Inflam
matory appeala to the Ignorance and
superstition of the misses, mendacious
and absurd In their accusations, and
deeply hostile In their spirit, could not
but work culrrlnatlve harm. They aimed
at no particular class of foreigners; they
ware Impartial m attacking everything
foreign. An outbreak in 8han Tung. In
which German missionaries wore slain,
was the ton natural result of the malevo.
lent teachings The peeling of seditious
plncards. exhorting to the utter destruc
tion of forelgnera and of every foreign
thing continued unreouxea. Hostile
demonstrations - toward the stranger
gained strength by organisation.
The Daier Aerltntlon.
The sect commonly styled the Boxers
developed greatly in the provinces north
of the Vnngt' e. and with collusion of
many notable officials, Including some in
the Immodleto councils of the throne Itself,
became alarmingly aggressive. No foreign
er's life, outside cf the protected treaty
ports, was safe. No foreign Interest was
secure from spoliation.
The diplomatic representatives of the
powers In Pekin strove in vain to chock
this movemen'. Protest was followed Ky
demand, and demand by renewed protest,
to be met with perfunctory edicts from
the palace and evaaive and futile assur
ances from the Tnung II Yamun. The
circle of the Boxer Influence narrowed
about Fekln, and, while nominally stig
matised as seditious. It was felt that tta
spirit pervaded the capital Itself, that
the Imperial forces were imbued with its
doctrines, and that the Immediate coun
eelnra of the Empress Dowager were in
full sympathy with the anti-foreign
niovemi nt.
The Increasing gravity of the condi
tions In China, and the Imminence ef
peril to our own diversified Interests in
the implre. os well as to those of all
the other treaty governments, were soon
appreciated by this Government, causing
profound solicitude. - The United States,
from the enrlhat dsys of foreign inter
course with China, has followed a policy
of peace, emitting no occasions to tea
irv unod-aill. to fuither the extens'nn
of Inwful trade, to respect the sovereign,
tv of tie government, and to Insure, by
all legitimate and kindly, but earn
est me-.rtx. the fullest measure of pro
tection for the lives and property of our
law-abiding cltlsens. and for the exer
cise of thiir b.nellcent callings among
the CI tnese pc-ople.
Mlm'ful of this. It was felt to be ap
propriate that our purposes should be
nromiunerd In favor of such a coursa
' would hast, n unltid action of the
onwert at Pckln to promote the admln
uratlve reforms so greatly needed for
tnnvthenlvg the Imperial government
ind maintaining hs Int grltv of China,
n which we belli ved the whole West
rn world to be alike concerned. To
hese fnds 1 cuuted to be addressed to
he several powers occupying territory
and maintaining spheres at Influence In
China the circular proposals ot lsw, In
viting from them declarations of their
Intentions and views as to desirability
of the adoption of measures Insuring the
benefits of equality of treatment of all
foreigners throughout China,
With gratifying unanimity, the re
sponses coincided in this common policy,
enabling me to see In the successful ter
mination of tnese negotiations proor o
the friendly spirit which animates the
various powers Interested In the untram
meled development of commerce and in
dustry in the Chinese Empire as a source
of vast benefit to the whole commercial
world.
Powers Acted la Coacert.
In tills conclusion, which I had the
gratification to announce as a completed
engagement to the Interested powers
March W. 1900, I hopefully discern a po
tential factor for tha abatement of the
distrust of foreign purposes, which for
a, year past had appeared to Inspire the
policy of the Imperial government, and
for the effective exertion by It of power
and authority to quell the critical and
foreign movement In the northern prov.
luces most immediately Influenced by the
Manchu sentiment.
Seeking to testify confidence In the wlll
Ingnees and ability of the Imperial ad
ministration to redress the wrongs and
prevent the evils we suffered and feared,
the marine guard, which had been sent
to Pekln In the Autumn of tm for the
protection of the Legation, was with
drawn at the earliest practicable moment,
and all pending questions were remitted,
aa far as wa were concerned, to the or
dinary resorts of diplomatic intercourse.
The Chinese Government proved, how
ever, unable to check the rising strength
of the Boxers and appeared to be a prey
to Internal dissensions, In the unequal
contest, the antl-forelgn Influences soon
gained the ascendancy, under the leader
ship of Prince Tuan. Organised armies of
Boxers, with which the Imperial forces
affiliated, held tha country between Pekln
and the coast, penetrated Into Manchuria
up to the Russian border and through
their emissaries threatened a like rise
throughout Northern China. Attacks upon
foreigners, destruction of property and
.daughter of native converts were re
ported from sll sides. The Tsung 11
Yamun, already permeated with hostile
sympathies, could make no effective re
sponse to the aopeala ot the Legations.
At tnls critical Juncture, In the early
Spring of the year, a proposal was made
by the olhei powers that a combined
fleet be assembled In Chinese waters aa a
moral demonstration, under cover of
which to exact of the Chinese Govern
ment respect for foreign treaty rights and
the suppression of the Boxers. The
United States, while not participating In
the joint demonstration, promptly sent
from the Philippines all ships that could
be spared for service on the Chinese
coast. A small force ot marines was
landed at Taku and sent to Pekln for the
protection of the American Legation.
Other powers took similar action until
some 100 men were assembled In the capi
tal aa legation guards.
Still the peril Increased. The Legations
reported the development of the seditious
movement In Pekln and the need of In
creased provision for defense against It
Taklnar of Tilts Forts.
While preparations were In progress for
a larger expedition to strengthen the
legation guatds and keep the railway
open, an attempt of the foreign ships to
make a landing at Taku was met by
fire from the Chinese forts. The forts
were thereupon sh lied by the foreign ves
sels, the American Admiral taking no
part In the attack, on the ground that
we were not at war with China, and that
a hostile demonstration might consolidate
the antl-forelgn elements and strengthen
the Boxers to oppose the relieving col
umn. Two days later, the Taku forte
were captured after a sanguinary con
flict Severance of communication with
P kin followed, and a combined force or
additional guards, which was advancing
to Pekln by the Pel Ho, was checked at
Lang fang. The Isolation of the Lega
tions was complete.
By June 9. the Legations were cut off.
An identical note from the Yamun or
dered each Minister to leave Pekln, und r
a promised escort, within 24 hours. To
gain time, they replied asking prolonga.
tion of the time, which was afterward
granted, and requesting an Interview with
the Tsung II Yamun on the following
dav. No reply b?lng received, on the
morning of the 20th the German Minister,
Baron von Ketteier, set out for tho Ya
mun to obttln a response, and on the
sir was murdered. An attempt by the
legation guard to recover bis body was
foiled by tne cntnese.
Pekln Legations Attacked.
Armed forces turned out against the
Legations. Their quarters were surround
ed and attacked. The mission compounds
w-re abandoned, their inmates taking
refuge In the British legation, where all
the other Legations and guards gathered
for more effective defense. Four hundred
persons were crowded In lta narrow com.
pass. Two thousand native converts w.re
assembled In a near-by place under pro
tection of the foreigners. Lines of defense
were strengthened, trenches dug. barri
cades raised and preparatlona made to
stand a siege, which at once began.
With the negotiation of the partial
armistice of July 14, a proceeding which
was dc ubtlesa promoted by the represen
tatlona of the Chinese envoy In Wash
lng'on. tne way was opened for the con
veyance to Mr. Conger of a test message
sn by the Secretary of State through
the kind offices of Minister Wu Tin
Fang. Mr. Conger"s reply, dispatched from
Pekln on July M through the same chan
nel, afforded to the outRlde world the
first tidings that the Inmates of the le
gations were alive and hoping for succor.
This news stimulated the preparations for
a Joint relief expedition. In numbers sum.
cient to overcome the resistance which
for a month had been organising between
Taku and tha capital. Reinforcements
sent by all the co-operating governments
were constantly arriving. The United
States contingent, hastily asaembled from
the Philippines or dispatched from this
country, amounted to some 5000 men. un
der the able command of the lamented
Colonel' Uscum and afterwards of Gen
eral Chaffee.
Beaeao at Letratloners.
Toward the end of July the movement
began. A severe conflict followed at Tim
Tffln. In which Colonel Uscum waa killed.
The city was stormed and partly de
stroyed. Its capture afforded the base
1 of operations from which to make the
' final advance, wnicn Degan in me mi
days of Augus'., the expedition being
1 made up of Ji nese, Russian, British
' and American troops at the outset. An
other battle was fought and won at
Yong Tsun. Thereafter, the disheartened
Chinese troops offered little show of re
sistance A few days later, the Impor
tant position of To Si Wo waa taken. A
rapid march brought the united forces to
i the populous City of Tung Chow, which
1 capitulated without a contest.
On August 14, the capital was reached.
I After a brief conflict beneath the walla,
the relief column entered and the Lega
tions were saved. The United States
soldiers, sailors and marines, officers and
men alike. In those distant climes and
unusual surroundinga, showed the same
valor, discipline and good conduct and
gave proof of the same high degree of In
telligence and efficiency which have dls-
I tlnituished them in every emergency.
! The imperial family and the govern
ment had fled a few days before. The
city was without visible control. The
remaining Imperial soldiery had made,
on the night of the 13th, a last attempt
to exterminate the besieged, which was
gallantly repelled, It fell to the occupy
ing forces to restore order and organise
a provisional administration.
The Raaalaa Provoalttoa.
The Russian proposition looking to the
restoration of the Imperial power In P
tln has been accepted as In full con
sonance with our own desire, for we
have held and hold that effective repara
tion for wrongs suffered and an endur
ing settlement that will make their re
currence Impossible can best be brought
about under an authority which the Chi
nese Nation reverences and obeys. While
so doing we forego no Jot of our un
doubted right to exact exemplary and de
terrent punishment of the responsible
autnors and abettors of the criminal acta
whereby we and other nations have suf
fered grievous Injury.
For the real culprits, the evil coun
sellors who have misled the Imperial
Judgment and diverted the sovereign au
thority to their own guilty ends, full ex
piation becomes Imperative within the
rational limits of retributive Justice. Re
garding this as the Initial condition of
an acceptable settlement between China
and the powers, I said In my message
of October 18 to the Chinese Emperor:
"I trust that negotiations may begin so
soon as we and the other offended gov
ernments shall be effectively satisfied of
Your Majesty s ability and power to
treat with Just sternness the principal
offenders who are doubly culpable, not
alone toward the foreigners but toward
Your Majesty, under whose rule the pur
pose of China to dwell In concord with
the world has hitherto found expression
In the welcome and proteotlon assured to
strangers. .
Taking as a point of departure the
Imperial edict appointing Earl LI
Hung Chang and Prince Chlng
plenipotentiaries to arrange a set
tlement, and the edict of September
25, whereby certain high officials were des
ignated for punishment, this uovernment
has moved In concert with the other
powers toward the opening of negotia
tions which Mr. Conger, ass let ed by Mr.
Rockhlll, has been authorized to conduct
on behalf or the United States.
General bases of negotiations, formu
lated by the Government of the French
Republic, have been accepted with cer
tain reservations as to details, maae
necessary by our own circumstances and
by like similar reservations by other
powers open to discussion In the prog
ress of the negotiations. The disposition
of the Emperor's Government to admit
liability for wrongs done to foreign gov
ernments and their citizens and to act
upon such additional designation of the
guilty peraona as the foreign Mlnistera
at Pekin may be In a position to make
gives hope of a complete settlement of
all questions Involved, assuring foreign
rights of resldenoe and Intercourse op
terms of equality for all the world-
I regard aa one of the essential factors
of a durable adjustment the aecurement
of adequate guarantees for liberty of
faith, since Insecurity of those natives
who may embrace alien creeds la scarce
ly a less effectual assault upon the
rights of foreign worship And teaching
than would be the direct Invasion thereof.
Matter of Iaeteaaaltr- '
The matter of indemnity for our
wronged citizens la a question of grave
concern Measured In money alone, a
sufficient reparation may prove to be be
yond the ability of China to meet AH
the powers concur In emphatio disclaim
ers of any purpose of aggrandizement
through the dismemberment of the em
pire. I am disposed to think that due
compensation may be made In part by
Increased guarantees of security for for
eign rights and immunities, and moat
Important of all. by the opening of China
to the equal commerce of all the world.
These views have been and will be earn
estly advocated by our representatives.
The Government of Russia has put for
ward a suggestion that In the event of a
protracted divergence of views In regard
to Indemnities, the matter may be rele
gated to the court of arbitration at The
Hague. I favorably Incline to this, be
lieving that high tribunal could not fail
to reach a solution no leas conducive to
the stability and enlarged prosperity of
China itself than Immediately beneficial
to the powers.
OTHER FOREIGN RELATIONS.
Relatloas With Germaay.
Good will prevails In our relations with
the German Empire, An amicable adjust
ment of the long pending question of the
admission of our life Insurance compa
nies to do business In Prussia has been
reached. One of the principal companies
has already been readmitted, and the way
Is opened for the others to share the priv
ilege. .
The settlement of the Samoan problem,
to which I adverted In my last message,
has accomplished good results. Peace and
contentment prevail In the islands, espe
cially In Tutulla, where a convenient ad
ministration that has won the confidence
and esteem of the kindly-disposed natives
has been organized under the direction
of the commander of the United States
airnl -1 M , m at Panm Ptnm
An imperial meat Inspection law been
enacted for Germany. While It may sim
plify the Inspections, It prohibits certain
nmliii,!, fcturetnfnr admitted. There. Is
still great uncertainty as to whether our
well-nlgn exunguisnea uerman iraue iu
meat products can revive under Its new
burdens. Much will depend upon regula
tions not yet promulgated, which we con
fidently hope will be free from the dls
crimlnatlona which attended tha enforce
ment ot the old statutes. -
On.-. Hunolnln. Itnlr In thai nAW lln Of
direct telegraphic communication between
the United States and the uerman e.m
plra has recently been completed, afford
ing a gratifying occasion for exchange ot
friendly congratulations with the German
Emperor.
Tha Boer War.
Our friendly relations with Great Brit
ain continue. The war in South Africa
introduced important questions. A condi
tion unusual In International wars was
presented In that while one belligerent
had control of the seas, the other had
no ports, shipping or direct trade, but
was only accessible through the territory
of a neutral. Vexatious questions arose
through Great Britain's action In respect
to neutral cargoes not contraband In
their own nature, shipped to Portuguese
South Africa, on the score of probable or
suspected ultimate destination to the
r.av ...Ib, Rur-h nnnslirnments In Brit
ish ships, by which alone direct trade Is
kept up between our ports "u ouuw.
Africa, were seized In application of a
.law prohibiting Britisn vessels trom uu
ng with an enemy without regard to any
contraband cnaracter or me gouus, ....
oargoes shipped to Delagoa Bay In neutral
bottoms were arrested on the ground f
alleged destination to the enemy's coun
try. -Appropriate representation on our
part resulted In the British Government
agreeing to purchase outright alt such
goods shown to be the actual property ot
American citizens, thus closing the Inci
dent to the satisfaction of the Immediate
ly interested parties, although unfortu-
..i .. wlihrtiil hrnaA Battlement of the
imicuy -
question of a neutral's right to send
goods not command per se 10 a
port adjacent to a belligerent area.
Alaska Boaadary.
n-h mrv nt marking- certain Drovla-
lonal boundary pointa for convenience of
administration around tne nena oi unn
Canal, In accordance with the temporary
.-.nnnnt r Octohar 1899. was com
pleted by a Joint survey In July last. The
modus vlvenai nas so rar womeu wnuuui
friction and the Dominion Government
haa provided rules and regulations for
securing to our cltlsens the benefit of the
reciprocal stipulation that the citizens or
subjects of either power round oy mai
an-on....,- within Ihu tamnnrarv lurls-
A.iH nf lh. nlha. annll suffer no di
minution of rights and privileges they
have hitherto enjoyed. But. however
necessary such an expedient may have
been to tide over tne grava iw.ac..v,-
. , .i,...i.. i . i- - Km, hut an
unsatisfactory makeshift, which should
not be suffered to delay the speedy snd
complete establishment of the frontier
line to which we are entitled under the
Kusso-Amerlcan treaty for the cession of
Alaska.
In this relation, I may refer again to
the need of definitely marking the Alas
kan boundary where It follows' the 141st
meridian. A convention to that end has
been before the Senate for some two
years, but as no sctlon has been taken, 1
contemplate negotiating a new convention
for a Joint determination of the meridian
by hellocentrts observations. These, aslt
is believed, will give more accurate and
unquestionable results than the sidereal
methods heretofore Independently fol
lowed, which, as Is known, proved dis
crepant at several points on the line, al.
though not varying at any place more
than 700 feet
lateraatloaal Arbltratioa,
It Is with satisfaction that I am able
to announce the formal notification at
The Hague, on September 4, of the depos
it of ratifications of the convention for
the pacific aettlement of the International
disputes by 16 powers, namely, the United
States, Austria, Belgium, Denmark. Eng
land, France, Germany. Italy, Persia,
Portugal, Roumanla, Russia, Slam. Spain,
Sweden and Norway and The Nether
lands. Japan also has since ratified the
convention. The administrative council
of the permanent court of arbitration has
been organized, and It has adopted rules
or order and a constitution for the In
ternational Arbitration Bureau. In ac
cordance with article 2 of the convention
providing for the appointment by each
signatory power of persons of known
competency in questions of International
law aa arbitrators I have appointed as
members of this court, Hon. Benjamin
Harrison, of Indiana, ex-President ot the
United States: Hon. Melville W. Fuller,
of Illinois, Chief Justice of the United
States', John W. Griggs, of New Jersey,
Attorney-General of the United States,
and Hon. George Gray, of Delaware, a
Judge of the Circuit Court of the United
States.
... Tho Hlcaraa-oa CaaaL
The Important matter of an Interoceanlc
canal has assumed a new phase. Ad
hering to Its refusal to reopen the question
of the forfeiture of the contract or tne
Maritime Canal Company, which was
terminated for alleged nonexecution in
October, 1899, the Government of Nicara
gua has since supplemented that action
by declaring the so-styled Eyre-Cragln
option void for nonpayment of the stipu
lated advance. Protests In relation to
these acts have been filed In the State
Department- and are under consideration.
Deeming Itself relieved from existing en
gagements, tne Nicaragua Government
shows a disposition to deal freely with
the canal question, either In the way of
negotiations with the United States or by
taking measures to promote the water
way. Overtures for a convention to effect
the building of a canal under the auspices
of the United States are under considera
tion. In the meantime, the views of Con.
gress upon the subject in the light ot
the report of the committee appointed to
examine the comparative merits of the
various trans-Isthmian ship canal proj
ects may be awaited. 1
I commend to the early attention or
the Senate the convention with Great
Britain to facilitate the construction of
such a canal, and to remove any objec
tion whUb might arise out of the conven
tion commonly called the Clayton-Bul-wer
treaty.
Relations With Spain.
Satisfactory prorress has been made
toward the conclusion of a general treaty
ot friendship and Intercourse with Spain
in replacement of the old treaty, wnicn
passed into abeyance by reason of the
late war. A new convention of extradi4
tion Is approaching completion, and 1
would be much pleased were a commer
cial arrangement to follow. I feel that
we should not suffer to pass an oppor
tunity to reaffirm the cordial ties that
existed between us and Spain from the
time of our earliest Independence, and to
enhance the mutual benefits of that com
mercial Intercourse wblcb la natural be
tween the two countries.
By the terms of the treaty of peace.
the line bounding the ceded Philippine
group on the southwest failed to Include
several small Islands lying west of the
Sulus, which have always been recog
nized aa under Spanish control. The oc
cupation ot Slbutu and Cagayan, Sulu.
by our naval torces encitea a ciaim nn
the Dart of Spain, the easential equity
of which could not be gainsaid. In order
to euro the defect of the treaty by re
moving all possible ground of future mis
understanding respecting the interpreta-
tion of Its third article, I directed the
negotiation of a supplementary treaty,
which will be forthwith laid before the
Senate, whereby Spain quits ail title and
claim of title to the Islands named, as
well as to any and all Islands belonging
to the Philippine Archipelago lying out
side the lines described in said third ar
ticle, and agrees that ail such islands
shall be comprehended In the cession oi
the archipelago as fully as If they haa
been expressly Included within those lines.
In consideration of this cession tne united
States Is to pay Spain the sum ot iiw.ouu.
A bill Is now pending to effect tne rec
ommendation made In my last annual
message, that appropriate legislation De
had to carry into execution article S
of the treaty of peace with Spain, by
which the United States assumed the
payment of certain claims for Indem
nity of Its citizens against Spain. I ask
that action be taken to fulfill this obli
gation. CONDITIONS IN PHILIPPINES.
ReebxameadaUana for a CItII fisv
eraaseat for tha lalaada.
In my last annual message I dwelt at
some length upon the condition of af
fairs In the Philippines. While seeking
to impress upon you that the grave re
sponsibility of the future government of
those Islands rests with the Congress of
the United States, I abstained trom rec
ommending at that time a specific and
final form off government for the terri
tory actually held by the United States
forces, and in wblcb. as long as tne in-
surrectlon continues, the military arm
must necessarily be supreme. I stated
my purpose, until the Congress shall
have made known the formal expression
ot Its will, to use the authority vested
In me by the Constitution and the stat
utes to uphold the sovereignty of the
United States In these distant islands, as
In all other places where our flag right
fully floats, placing to that end at the
disposal of tha Army and Navy all te
means Which the liberality ot tne con.
gress and the people have provided. No
contrary expression of the will of the
Congress having been made, I have
steadfastly pursued the purpose so de-
clared, employing the civil arm as well
toward the accomplishment of pacinoa
tion and the Institution of local govern
ments within the lines of authority and
law.
Progress In the hoped-for direction has
been favorable. Our forces have suc
cessfully controlled the greater part of
the Islands, overcoming the organized
forces of the insurgents, and carrying
order and administrative regularity to
all quarters. What opposition remains Is
for the most part scattered, obeying na
concerted plan of atrateglo action, oper
ating only by the methods common to
the traditions of guerrilla warfare, which,
while ineffective to alter the general con
trol now established, are still sufficient
to beget Insecurity among the popula
tions that have felt the good results of
our control, and thus delay the confer
ment upon them of the fuller measures
of local self-government, ot education
and ot Industrial and agricultural devel
opment which we stand ready to give
then.
By the Spring of this year the effective
opposition of the dissatisfied Tagala te
the authority of the United States was
virtually ended, thus opening the door
for the extension ot a stable administra
tion over much of tha territory of the
archipelago. Desiring to bring this about,
I appointed In march laet a civil com
mission, composed of the Hon. William
H. Taft, of Ohio; Professor Dean C.
Worcester, of Michigan; Hon. Luke E.
Wright, ol Tennessee; Hon. Henry C.
Ide, of Vermont, and Professor Bernard
Moses, of California. The aims of their
mission and "he scope of their authority
are clearly set forth In Instructions ot
April T, 1900, addressed to the Secretary
of War, to be transmitted to them.
PORTO RICO AND CUBA.
Saeeees fa tha Former Prosrreae
Toward Cnbaa Aatoaomy.
The civil government of Porto Rico
provided for by the act of the Congress
approved April 12. 1900, Is In successful
operation. The courts have been estab
lished; the Governor and his associates
working Intelligently and harmoniously,
are making a commendable success. On
the 6th of November a general election
was held In the Island for members of
the Legislature and the body has been
called to convene on the first Monday of
December.
I recommend that legislation be enacted
by Congress conferring upon the Secre
tary of the Interior supervision over the
public lands In Porto Rico, and that he
be directed to ascertain the location and
quantity ot lands the title to which re
mained In the crown of Spain at the date
the cession of Porto Rico to the United
States, and that appropriations for sur
veys be made and the methods of ths
disposition of such lands be prescribed
by law. -
FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS.
As ay thawld Be 60,000 to 100,000
Tho Navy, Postoffleca, Kte.
The present strength of the Army Is
100.000 men 66,000 regulars and SS.OuO vol
unteers. Under the act of March 2, lklKI,
on the 90th of June next the present vol
unteer force will be discharged and the
Regular Army will be reduced to 24f
officers end 29,025 enlisted meu. In IS
a board ot officers convened by President
Cleveland adopted a comprehensive
scheme of coast defense and fortifications
which involved the outlay of something
over 1100.000.000. This plan received the
approval of the Congress and since then
regular aproprlatlons have been made and
the wurk of fortification has steadily
progressed. More than KO.OOOOOO have
been Invested In a g-eat number of forts
and gjns, with sll the complicated and
scientific machinery and electrical appli
ances neeessary for their use. The proper
care ot this defensive machinery requires
men trained In Its usa The number of
men necessary to perform this duty alone
Is ascertained by the War Department,
at a minimum allowance, to be 18.420.
There are 68 or more military posts in-
the United States other than the eoast
defense fortifications. The number of
these posts is being constantly increased
by Congress. More than 122,000.000 have
been expended In building and equipping
them, end they can only be cared for
by the Regular Army. The posts now in
existence and others to be built provide
accommodations for, and. If fully gar
risoned, require 26.000 troops. Many of
these posts are along our frontier or at
important strategic pointa, the occupa
tion of which Is necessary. We have In
Cuba between 6000 and 6000 troops. For
the present our troops in that Island can
not be withdrawn or materially dimin
ished, certainly not until the conclusion
of the labors of the constitutional conven
tion now In session and a government pro
vided l y the National Constitution should
have been established and its staoiuiy
assur-d. In Porto Rico we have re
duced :he garrisons to 1636. which include
896 na'lve troops. There Is no room for
further reduction here. We will be re
quired to keep a considerable force In
the Philippine Islands for some time to
come. From the best Information ob
tainable we shall need there for the Im
mediate future from 60,000 to 60.000 men.
I am sure the number may be reduced aa
the insurgents shall come to acknowledge
the authority of the United States, of
which there are assuring Indications.
It must be apparent that we will re
quire an army of about 60,000, and that
during present conditions in Cuba and
the Philippines the President should have
authority to Increase the force to the
present number of 100.000. Included in
this, authority should be given to raise
native troops In the Philippines up to
15.000, which the Taft commission believes
will be more effective In detecting and
suppressing guerillas, assassins and la
drones than our own soldiers.
The full discussion of this subject by
the Secretary of War In his annual re
port Is called to your earnest attention.
: ' The Navy. -
Very efficient service has been rendered
by the Navy In connection with the insur
rection in the Philippines, and the recent
disturbance In China.
A very satisfactory settlement has been
made of the long-pending question of the
manufacture of armor-plates. A reason
able price haa been secured, and the
necessity for a Government armor-plate
plant avoided.
Tha Hawaiian Islands.
Much interesting information is given 1
the report of the Governor of Hawaii as :
to the progress and development of the ,
Islands during the period from July 7.
1898. tne date of the approval of the Joint
resolution of the Congress providing for
their annexation up to April 89, 1900, the
date of tha approval of the aot providing
a government for the territory and there
after. The last Hawaltan census, taken
in the year 1896, gives a total population
of 109.030, of which 81.019 were native Ha
waiian. The number of Americana re
ported was 8485. The results of the Fed
eral census taken this year show the
Islands to have a total population of 154.
001 snowing an Increase over that report
ed in 1896 of 44.981, or 41.2 per cent. There
has been marked progress in educational,
agricultural and railroad development of
the islands.
The Twelfth Census.
The Director of the Census states that
the work in connection with the l-'th ejn.
sus Is progressing favorably. This Na
tional undertaking, ordered by the Con
gress each decade, has finally resulted in
the collection of an agregation pt statis
tical facts to determine the Industrial
growth of the country. Its manufacturing
and mechanical resources. Its richness B
mines and forests, the numbers of Hs
Krlcultursl districts, their farms araJ
produrts. Its educational and religious op.
portunitles, as well as questions pertain
ing to sociological concHt'ons.
Preeaatloa Agaiaat SSxtravaaanee.
In our great prosperity we must guard
against the dangers It Invites In extrav
agance In government expenditures and
appropriations, and the chosen represen
tatives of the people will. I doubt not. fur
nish an example In their legislation of
that wise economy which, in a season of
plenty., husbands for the ruture. tn mis
era of great business activity and oppor
tunity caution is not untimely. It will
not abate but strengthen our confidence.
It will not retard but promote lm ate
Industrial and commercial expansion.
Our growing power brings with It temp
tation and perils quiring constant vig
ilance to avoid. It must n t be used to In
vite conflicts, nor for oppression, but for
the more effective maintenance of those
principles of equality and Justice upon
which our Institutions and happiness de
pend. Let us keep always In mind that
the foundation of our Government Is lib
erty! its superstructure peace,
WILLIAM MeKIXLFT.
"Executive Mansion, December S, VjvO.
dried in vain.