HOME AND FATIM MAGAZINE SECTION
The Agricultural College Is a Valuable Friend to the Farmer
Vase of News Nnts and Interesting Articles Written hv College Experts.
V1KW Of OHi:(;) AfiWCIl.Tl 11 41. COI.l.KCH AT rOrtVAI.I.IS, OH. IT'S SOI.R AIM IS TO 4II AUHK I1LTIIHHT".
New Horticultural and Crop
Pest Report Now Announced
OREGON fruit and vegetable grower?
can find no more valuable aid In solv
ing the problems of production and pro
tection of horticultural products than the
information contained In the' second bien
nial crop pest and horticultural report of
the Oregon experiment station. The facts
and principles put forward in this newly
published volume were determined by
careful experimentation with Oregon ma
terial under Oregon conditions.
Some of the most Important problems
that confront the grower were taken up,
several of which have been Bolved while
still others are In course of solution. Care
fully worded and accurate reports of
these experiments have been made and
results together with the principles of
production induced therefrom are clearly
stated.
The horticultural report deals with fer
tilisers for onion land, greenhouse tomato
investigation, frult,-pit studies In the Wil
lamette, effects of different degrees of
moisture on pears, and strawberry va
rieties of Oregon. Each subject was
written by a specialist and whllo conserva
tive and reliable is also vigorously and
vitally handled for the benefit of the
general grower.
The report on Insect crop pests was
taken from records of original Investiga
tions and contains notes on a uumber of
species not named in the first report. Sev
eral investigations that were undPr way
when the first report was issued have
been concluded, while others are still In
progress. There are eight of the unfin
ished problems now under Investigation
to be reported at a later date. .
Xot all the Investigational work was
carried on at the college by any means,
manv of the control problems having been
studied In tho various parts of the state
in which serious outbreaks occurred.
Field tests with Insecticides have also been
performed in many Instances and the ef
ficiency of the Bprays has been deter
mined. The report on botany and plant path
ology Includes seven discussions, a3 fol
lows. A Pacific Coast rust attacking pear,
quince, etc., a new filbert disease In
Oregon, bacterial gummosts or bacterial
canker of cherries, notes on miscellane
ous potato diseases, experimental spray
ing of prunes for brown rot, potato spray
ing experiments, and notes, observations
and minor Investigations of plant diseases.
A number of Investigations are under
way including Winter Injury to fruit trees,
together with associated canker diseases,
apple fruit spots and rots, mushroom root
rot of fruit trees, and many other prob
lems of primary Interest to growers, but
they have not progressed far enough to
warrant publication In the present report.
The Investigations of certain diseases are
now centered largely at the Hood River
experiment station.
There are 280 pages In the report,
which 1b Indexed and profusely illustrated.
Aa a reliable and ready reference on the
production of horticultural products the
report will prove of Incalculable value to
horticulturist and general farmers. Cop
ies may be bad free of cost by writing
to the Oregon Agricultural College for
them.
Senior Wins Fellowship.
L. 0. Gentner, of Portland, who will
graduate In June at the Oregon Agricul
tural College, has been appointed to a
fellowship in the department of ento
mology. This fellowship covers a period
of two years. Five months each year will
m spent at CorvallU and seven months as
assistant to Dr. M. C. Henderson, plant
pathologist and assistant county agricul
turist for Jackson County, located at
Medford.
ooeooe-oooo o o o o o o
A page of Intereatlae; Iteraa from the I
Orrgfin Agricultural College at Corrallls J
will altrraate la the farm weekly wltb a
pace of new note from the Wahhlairta
State Cnllrae at Pullinaa. Tbla will afford
an Intert'haDiee of vietva from the two bit
eKrhnltural collect of the Northwest that
aliviild prove of benefit to the reader, for
the IntlUutlona deal with almllar problem.
Potato Seed Treatment Is
Cheap Insurance for Crop
I N taking up the matter of seed treat-
1 nient for disease control, several
questions present themselves for consid
eration," according to K. !. llalley, re
search assistant in plant pathology, Ore
gon Agricultural College. 'This being tho
time when ninny growers ure especially
Interested the following recommendations
are submitted in answer to queries that
are constantly recurring:
"Diseases that ran be controlled entire
ly or largely by proper treating and In
spection of seed at rutting are, common
scab, rhlzoctonln, blackleg and tho two
fungus wills. This, of course, with the
understanding that the soil to be used has
not produced crops with any of these dis.
eases iu recent years and has had no other
chance to become disease.
"Tubers that are bruised, cracked or
discolored, or show a browu ring when
the stem Is cut across should be sorted
out and discarded from the seed. In case
scab Is the principal trouble for which
seed Is to be treated, It will be quite sat
isfactory to use the formaldehyde treat
ment: One pint formalin In 30 gallons water,
soaking seed with sacks or crates for two
hours, and then drying seed thoroughly.
This should preferably be done Immedi
ately before planting; however. If It Is
desirable to start sprouts before planting
it will be necessary to give the treatment
somewhat earlier. Care should be taken
not to reinfect the tubers by pluclng them
back In the same storage place unless It,
too, Is disinfected. In uny case, at the
present state of experimental evidences it
is advisable? to treat before cutting.
"A substance that Is more satisfactory
than formalin in that It Is effective
against rhlzortonla as well as scab Is mer
curic chloride (corrosive sublimate). This
poisonous substance may be secured In
the form of white crystals from the large
drug companies, the smaller stores gener
ally carrying It only in tablet form. This
should be used In 1 to 1000 dilution or
about four ounces in 30 gullons of water
where the crystuls arc used. If the tab
lets are used the directions should be fol
lowed. "In making this up for use tb0 amount
to be nsed should be carefully weighed
out and dissolved In a small quantity of
hot water. This must be done In a clean
wooden or porcelain container and after
diluting It must be handled In the same
way, since it reacts with metals. The treat
ment from this point is the same as with
formaldehyde, except that tubera should
be soaked one and one-half hours. It
should also be borne In mind that this
substance Is poisonous so should be kept
away from small children or stock.
"Either solution may be used several
times (not to exceed four). The formal
dehydo loses strength on standing and the
mercuric chloride gradually deteriorates
when It becomes dirty. A gas treatment
with formalin may be used where large
quantities of potatoes are to be treated
but requires Bpecial precautions, details of
which will be furnished parties Interested
on application to the department of plant
pathology at Oregon Agricultural College."
o-e-e-ooo o - -
One Oregon Gardener.
The vegetable display of F. M. Sher
mau, of Lebanon, Or., is attracting much
favorable notice at the Panama-Pacific
Exposition. His onions, ranlaloupes, po
tatoes, pumpkins, squashes and other 'gar
den truck are described as ton-notrhers.
Mr. Sherman has been a faithful attend
ant at Oregon Agricultural College short
courses until he Is familiar not only with
the processes of scientific production but
also with the principles of selection and
arrangement of dlspluys. He began gar
dening about nine years ago with a capital
of $30, and within five years bad paid for
his 10 acres that had been brought Into
production. Although out of health when
he began he Is rugged now and has sup
ported his family of four besides adding
materially to his holdings, lie has re
peatedly won distinction at state and Na
tional fairs with his choice vegetables.
Houmanla Is a trifle larger than New
York, and liulgaria a little bigger than
Virginia.
Advantages and Ills
of Hogging Off Corn
ry o. n. SAMSON,
Swluo Specialist, O. A. C.
IN considering the possibilities ot hog
ging off corn, sufficient amount of
thought has not been given to the finish
ing process. Hogging off corn la a com
promise between pasturing and lot feed
ing; hence the feature which are Incident
to pasture are present to (his sort of
feeding, both the advantage and the dis
mdvnutuges. The advantages, of course, are the facts
that the pigs harvest the feed themselves
and that they secure a good deal of suc
culence at a comparatively cheap price;
moreover, they secure a good denl of nu
trleut At a luw cost. The disadvantages
are that they consume a considerable
amount of rrudo fiber or coarse material
which takes up space In their stomachs
and which cannot, therefore, bo occupied
by better feed. Consequently the high
finish is not secured by subjecting the
pigs which have hogget off a crop to a
period of finishing during which time
they can be fed but little puslure or
roughuge mid should have a maximum of
a bulunced ration of pretty couceutrnled
material.
The length of time which will be re
quired for finishing will depend upon the
size of the pigs and upon the weight
they have reached before hogging
off the crop. The eye of the feeder Is
tho only guide In this ruse. The pigs
must be smooth and plump when finished
and a sufficient amount of time and a
sufficient quantity of feed must be used
to secure this result, he It two weeks or
longer. Ordinarily the finishing process
cannot be completed In much short of two
weeks and it may tuke a considerably
longer tlino.
Since the pigs have been practically on
full feed during the hogging off of tho
crop they may be easily put onto a self
feeder for ttnir finishing proeers. Tho
ration at this time mny well consist of a
ration of grain balanced with tanknge or
skim milk, according to what Is available.
If tankage is used, 5 per rent will bo a
sufficient quantity, or If skim milk Is
used, two pounds f skim milk to each
pound of grain consumed will Just about
produce the balance. As to tho kind ot
grain which Is best suited for the finish
ing process, this will depend upon what
Is cheapest In the locality, since the rela
tive values of corn, wheat and barley for
fattening pigs are not very different.
Whichever feed will produce the greatest
amount of grain for each dollar expended
on each acre of land may be considered
the best feed to raise for the feeding of
tho pigs.
Poison llalt for Slug.
The garden slug, slimy, slow-moving
and repulsive creature that attacks all
manner of garden and ornamental plants,
Is readily controlled by the use of a poi
son bait, says A. L. l.ovett, specialist In
Insect crop pests at the Oregon Agricul
tural College. To bo most effecllvo the
material should be placed In small heaps
about the Infested area early In the even
ing. The treatment should be repeated
about every five days to take care of the
newly hatched slugs.
Tho mor.t effective bait la finely
chopped leaves of some green succuleut
feed, such as lettuce, kale, wild mustard
or clover, with tho addition of arsenic
and some sweetening agent. Tho follow
ing formula is good for small amounts:
tlreen succulent leaves (chopped fins
ly), one quart; Paris green or white
arsenic, one tnbletipoonful; sugar one
tablespoonful.
uran may be used Instead of the leaves,
but water must be added sufficient to
make the mixture moist, not sloppy.
Slugs may also be trapped under boards
or pieces of biirlup placed about tho field.
Tho trups should be visited In the early
morning, when the Blugs may bo removed
and destroyed.
lie Took Dad.
"My hoy," said tho Arvsda minister,
putting the youngster on the head. "Ilavo
yon been to the circus this Summer?"
"Yes, sir," replied Johnnie Tumblebug.
"Pa wauled to go, so 1 had to go with
him."
Early Spray Recommended for
Currant and UooMvberry WorJ
"FHEUK are two Insect nests hii. J
I tark tho currant and gooseberry, oj
....;..., hiiiuii wnuo maggot lm
tho developing fruit, rnuslnir n i .,'
prematurely and drop to the ground. fl
is auown us llio currant maggot!
the gooseberry fruit fly. Tho other J
Is a velvety green worm whirl! i..n
tho leaves atiipplug the foliage from ti
bushes about the time tho fruit U J
turlng. This pest U kuowu na n,e m
tui mill w ui in.
Snravs am not eennrulK- ...,
controlling the currant maggot, flu, ,j
mm iiituuiiKiiiy iu anion ueptn about';
bushes In tho Fall and ugalu In li
Marrh.
For the green currant worm sriy J
misiice who n ienn arsenate, solution
log ono ounce of lead arsennte to lb
gallons or water. Tnl spruy to do
most good must Iia unnllnil l,.u, -
------ JMni lllltTll
fruit Is net ou the bushes. If Im
am appiy turn eariy spray, lue wnrmt it
bo killed when tlio fruli l. t
- .... ,n IMIKU 7
Bpray of while hellebore powder ono ouJ
in uiree gniions or water. Tills mater
Is non-polaonous nnd does not discolor!
fruit. Tho early spray Is to ho rew
uienneu. However.
Here Are a Few Things to Re
Done for the Ijiwn in Api
AWNS can be made all through Aprj
in Oregon and evcu well into 31
tl t . a at...,. .
mv i ruu-Miir A. I,, itch, luntlscnpe l
cluUnt of the Agricultural College,
rose pruning should have been complc
before this lime, ami under no ronld
ntlon should any of the earlv flower
woody shrubs be pruned before tb
flowering season has passed. Other
it large pan oi inn iiowers are rut IV
In the pruning.
As soon as the ground works well pi
seed may bo sown in the Inwn. All ne
planted trees should be shnned no at
develop Into lino strulght growth rati!
than Into forms crooked and imdeslnuV
due to prevailing winds and other rui
Keep a close lookout for the weri
and get them early. If slugs are prewJ
hii inkle a little soot or wood ashes a rot
the plants that are bring attacked.
From tho middle to the In.st of
month early flowering asters, balud
cauiopsis.canilyiun.coruriower, sweet
tan, annual chrysanthemum, dahlia.
mos, any of tho popples, annual gnllard.
annual larkspur, mignonette, pansy.
nuul phlox, storks and other early floi
erlng plant seed may be sown.
Nerds an Audience.
"Bo your wife la a suffragette?"
"Yes," answered Mr. Jenkins.
"Why does sbe want to vote?"
"I don't think Henrietta realty detl
to vote. Hho'a merely tired of talking
me. She want a large and more late
gent audience. "
HI la
and nail
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M Nam ,,, ,
AdOrvrui f
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ro.MR IN ami have your nioutli
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DR. A. W. KEENE
Dratl-t.
AiMreaal Majmllit Theater lluliaiaS,
Sal Waaklaalea at t"erlae. ur.
J