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About St. Helens mist. (St. Helens, Or.) 1913-1933 | View Entire Issue (April 23, 1915)
HOME AND FATIM MAGAZINE SECTION The Agricultural College Is a Valuable Friend to the Farmer Vase of News Nnts and Interesting Articles Written hv College Experts. V1KW Of OHi:(;) AfiWCIl.Tl 11 41. COI.l.KCH AT rOrtVAI.I.IS, OH. IT'S SOI.R AIM IS TO 4II AUHK I1LTIIHHT". New Horticultural and Crop Pest Report Now Announced OREGON fruit and vegetable grower? can find no more valuable aid In solv ing the problems of production and pro tection of horticultural products than the information contained In the' second bien nial crop pest and horticultural report of the Oregon experiment station. The facts and principles put forward in this newly published volume were determined by careful experimentation with Oregon ma terial under Oregon conditions. Some of the most Important problems that confront the grower were taken up, several of which have been Bolved while still others are In course of solution. Care fully worded and accurate reports of these experiments have been made and results together with the principles of production induced therefrom are clearly stated. The horticultural report deals with fer tilisers for onion land, greenhouse tomato investigation, frult,-pit studies In the Wil lamette, effects of different degrees of moisture on pears, and strawberry va rieties of Oregon. Each subject was written by a specialist and whllo conserva tive and reliable is also vigorously and vitally handled for the benefit of the general grower. The report on Insect crop pests was taken from records of original Investiga tions and contains notes on a uumber of species not named in the first report. Sev eral investigations that were undPr way when the first report was issued have been concluded, while others are still In progress. There are eight of the unfin ished problems now under Investigation to be reported at a later date. . Xot all the Investigational work was carried on at the college by any means, manv of the control problems having been studied In tho various parts of the state in which serious outbreaks occurred. Field tests with Insecticides have also been performed in many Instances and the ef ficiency of the Bprays has been deter mined. The report on botany and plant path ology Includes seven discussions, a3 fol lows. A Pacific Coast rust attacking pear, quince, etc., a new filbert disease In Oregon, bacterial gummosts or bacterial canker of cherries, notes on miscellane ous potato diseases, experimental spray ing of prunes for brown rot, potato spray ing experiments, and notes, observations and minor Investigations of plant diseases. A number of Investigations are under way including Winter Injury to fruit trees, together with associated canker diseases, apple fruit spots and rots, mushroom root rot of fruit trees, and many other prob lems of primary Interest to growers, but they have not progressed far enough to warrant publication In the present report. The Investigations of certain diseases are now centered largely at the Hood River experiment station. There are 280 pages In the report, which 1b Indexed and profusely illustrated. Aa a reliable and ready reference on the production of horticultural products the report will prove of Incalculable value to horticulturist and general farmers. Cop ies may be bad free of cost by writing to the Oregon Agricultural College for them. Senior Wins Fellowship. L. 0. Gentner, of Portland, who will graduate In June at the Oregon Agricul tural College, has been appointed to a fellowship in the department of ento mology. This fellowship covers a period of two years. Five months each year will m spent at CorvallU and seven months as assistant to Dr. M. C. Henderson, plant pathologist and assistant county agricul turist for Jackson County, located at Medford. ooeooe-oooo o o o o o o A page of Intereatlae; Iteraa from the I Orrgfin Agricultural College at Corrallls J will altrraate la the farm weekly wltb a pace of new note from the Wahhlairta State Cnllrae at Pullinaa. Tbla will afford an Intert'haDiee of vietva from the two bit eKrhnltural collect of the Northwest that aliviild prove of benefit to the reader, for the IntlUutlona deal with almllar problem. Potato Seed Treatment Is Cheap Insurance for Crop I N taking up the matter of seed treat- 1 nient for disease control, several questions present themselves for consid eration," according to K. !. llalley, re search assistant in plant pathology, Ore gon Agricultural College. 'This being tho time when ninny growers ure especially Interested the following recommendations are submitted in answer to queries that are constantly recurring: "Diseases that ran be controlled entire ly or largely by proper treating and In spection of seed at rutting are, common scab, rhlzoctonln, blackleg and tho two fungus wills. This, of course, with the understanding that the soil to be used has not produced crops with any of these dis. eases iu recent years and has had no other chance to become disease. "Tubers that are bruised, cracked or discolored, or show a browu ring when the stem Is cut across should be sorted out and discarded from the seed. In case scab Is the principal trouble for which seed Is to be treated, It will be quite sat isfactory to use the formaldehyde treat ment: One pint formalin In 30 gallons water, soaking seed with sacks or crates for two hours, and then drying seed thoroughly. This should preferably be done Immedi ately before planting; however. If It Is desirable to start sprouts before planting it will be necessary to give the treatment somewhat earlier. Care should be taken not to reinfect the tubers by pluclng them back In the same storage place unless It, too, Is disinfected. In uny case, at the present state of experimental evidences it is advisable? to treat before cutting. "A substance that Is more satisfactory than formalin in that It Is effective against rhlzortonla as well as scab Is mer curic chloride (corrosive sublimate). This poisonous substance may be secured In the form of white crystals from the large drug companies, the smaller stores gener ally carrying It only in tablet form. This should be used In 1 to 1000 dilution or about four ounces in 30 gullons of water where the crystuls arc used. If the tab lets are used the directions should be fol lowed. "In making this up for use tb0 amount to be nsed should be carefully weighed out and dissolved In a small quantity of hot water. This must be done In a clean wooden or porcelain container and after diluting It must be handled In the same way, since it reacts with metals. The treat ment from this point is the same as with formaldehyde, except that tubera should be soaked one and one-half hours. It should also be borne In mind that this substance Is poisonous so should be kept away from small children or stock. "Either solution may be used several times (not to exceed four). The formal dehydo loses strength on standing and the mercuric chloride gradually deteriorates when It becomes dirty. A gas treatment with formalin may be used where large quantities of potatoes are to be treated but requires Bpecial precautions, details of which will be furnished parties Interested on application to the department of plant pathology at Oregon Agricultural College." o-e-e-ooo o - - One Oregon Gardener. The vegetable display of F. M. Sher mau, of Lebanon, Or., is attracting much favorable notice at the Panama-Pacific Exposition. His onions, ranlaloupes, po tatoes, pumpkins, squashes and other 'gar den truck are described as ton-notrhers. Mr. Sherman has been a faithful attend ant at Oregon Agricultural College short courses until he Is familiar not only with the processes of scientific production but also with the principles of selection and arrangement of dlspluys. He began gar dening about nine years ago with a capital of $30, and within five years bad paid for his 10 acres that had been brought Into production. Although out of health when he began he Is rugged now and has sup ported his family of four besides adding materially to his holdings, lie has re peatedly won distinction at state and Na tional fairs with his choice vegetables. Houmanla Is a trifle larger than New York, and liulgaria a little bigger than Virginia. Advantages and Ills of Hogging Off Corn ry o. n. SAMSON, Swluo Specialist, O. A. C. IN considering the possibilities ot hog ging off corn, sufficient amount of thought has not been given to the finish ing process. Hogging off corn la a com promise between pasturing and lot feed ing; hence the feature which are Incident to pasture are present to (his sort of feeding, both the advantage and the dis mdvnutuges. The advantages, of course, are the facts that the pigs harvest the feed themselves and that they secure a good deal of suc culence at a comparatively cheap price; moreover, they secure a good denl of nu trleut At a luw cost. The disadvantages are that they consume a considerable amount of rrudo fiber or coarse material which takes up space In their stomachs and which cannot, therefore, bo occupied by better feed. Consequently the high finish is not secured by subjecting the pigs which have hogget off a crop to a period of finishing during which time they can be fed but little puslure or roughuge mid should have a maximum of a bulunced ration of pretty couceutrnled material. The length of time which will be re quired for finishing will depend upon the size of the pigs and upon the weight they have reached before hogging off the crop. The eye of the feeder Is tho only guide In this ruse. The pigs must be smooth and plump when finished and a sufficient amount of time and a sufficient quantity of feed must be used to secure this result, he It two weeks or longer. Ordinarily the finishing process cannot be completed In much short of two weeks and it may tuke a considerably longer tlino. Since the pigs have been practically on full feed during the hogging off of tho crop they may be easily put onto a self feeder for ttnir finishing proeers. Tho ration at this time mny well consist of a ration of grain balanced with tanknge or skim milk, according to what Is available. If tankage is used, 5 per rent will bo a sufficient quantity, or If skim milk Is used, two pounds f skim milk to each pound of grain consumed will Just about produce the balance. As to tho kind ot grain which Is best suited for the finish ing process, this will depend upon what Is cheapest In the locality, since the rela tive values of corn, wheat and barley for fattening pigs are not very different. Whichever feed will produce the greatest amount of grain for each dollar expended on each acre of land may be considered the best feed to raise for the feeding of tho pigs. Poison llalt for Slug. The garden slug, slimy, slow-moving and repulsive creature that attacks all manner of garden and ornamental plants, Is readily controlled by the use of a poi son bait, says A. L. l.ovett, specialist In Insect crop pests at the Oregon Agricul tural College. To bo most effecllvo the material should be placed In small heaps about the Infested area early In the even ing. The treatment should be repeated about every five days to take care of the newly hatched slugs. Tho mor.t effective bait la finely chopped leaves of some green succuleut feed, such as lettuce, kale, wild mustard or clover, with tho addition of arsenic and some sweetening agent. Tho follow ing formula is good for small amounts: tlreen succulent leaves (chopped fins ly), one quart; Paris green or white arsenic, one tnbletipoonful; sugar one tablespoonful. uran may be used Instead of the leaves, but water must be added sufficient to make the mixture moist, not sloppy. Slugs may also be trapped under boards or pieces of biirlup placed about tho field. Tho trups should be visited In the early morning, when the Blugs may bo removed and destroyed. lie Took Dad. "My hoy," said tho Arvsda minister, putting the youngster on the head. "Ilavo yon been to the circus this Summer?" "Yes, sir," replied Johnnie Tumblebug. "Pa wauled to go, so 1 had to go with him." Early Spray Recommended for Currant and UooMvberry WorJ "FHEUK are two Insect nests hii. J I tark tho currant and gooseberry, oj ....;..., hiiiuii wnuo maggot lm tho developing fruit, rnuslnir n i .,' prematurely and drop to the ground. fl is auown us llio currant maggot! the gooseberry fruit fly. Tho other J Is a velvety green worm whirl! i..n tho leaves atiipplug the foliage from ti bushes about the time tho fruit U J turlng. This pest U kuowu na n,e m tui mill w ui in. Snravs am not eennrulK- ..., controlling the currant maggot, flu, ,j mm iiituuiiKiiiy iu anion ueptn about'; bushes In tho Fall and ugalu In li Marrh. For the green currant worm sriy J misiice who n ienn arsenate, solution log ono ounce of lead arsennte to lb gallons or water. Tnl spruy to do most good must Iia unnllnil l,.u, - ------ JMni lllltTll fruit Is net ou the bushes. If Im am appiy turn eariy spray, lue wnrmt it bo killed when tlio fruli l. t - .... ,n IMIKU 7 Bpray of while hellebore powder ono ouJ in uiree gniions or water. Tills mater Is non-polaonous nnd does not discolor! fruit. Tho early spray Is to ho rew uienneu. However. Here Are a Few Things to Re Done for the Ijiwn in Api AWNS can be made all through Aprj in Oregon and evcu well into 31 tl t . a at...,. . mv i ruu-Miir A. I,, itch, luntlscnpe l cluUnt of the Agricultural College, rose pruning should have been complc before this lime, ami under no ronld ntlon should any of the earlv flower woody shrubs be pruned before tb flowering season has passed. Other it large pan oi inn iiowers are rut IV In the pruning. As soon as the ground works well pi seed may bo sown in the Inwn. All ne planted trees should be shnned no at develop Into lino strulght growth rati! than Into forms crooked and imdeslnuV due to prevailing winds and other rui Keep a close lookout for the weri and get them early. If slugs are prewJ hii inkle a little soot or wood ashes a rot the plants that are bring attacked. From tho middle to the In.st of month early flowering asters, balud cauiopsis.canilyiun.coruriower, sweet tan, annual chrysanthemum, dahlia. mos, any of tho popples, annual gnllard. annual larkspur, mignonette, pansy. nuul phlox, storks and other early floi erlng plant seed may be sown. Nerds an Audience. "Bo your wife la a suffragette?" "Yes," answered Mr. Jenkins. "Why does sbe want to vote?" "I don't think Henrietta realty detl to vote. Hho'a merely tired of talking me. She want a large and more late gent audience. " HI la and nail THIS COUPON l Irma fa-UM lilh.at a or. .(., 1 1 i.t I, i ri V tujipl.e. plpm ft nil fixture At Wholesale Prices! You Incur no obligation In doing W. Stark-Davi8Co.?.,.;'i,T.!1,r.r"i n lii minh Mhntt tt of liiihrmm, In ttliiillutj lr plnn "f !' ftntl ft M't of tUtfli 1 nful, Vuul iniroshnt tltl-wUi prtee, ftfnl 111 how I" in iftil ll tiiy.cll ana cava lti pluiuLer'i till. M Nam ,,, , AdOrvrui f : SAVE YOUR TEETH ro.MR IN ami have your nioutli aiiilnnil while lit INirtlatiil. I iim t It Vury lut.-tt Srlratlflc I'alnlra llrtboil DR. A. W. KEENE Dratl-t. AiMreaal Majmllit Theater lluliaiaS, Sal Waaklaalea at t"erlae. ur. J
