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About St. Helens mist. (St. Helens, Or.) 1913-1933 | View Entire Issue (March 26, 1915)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Profitable Business of Poultry Raising in America IP. The h rood in triit t, prhp. III I1IO. lllipcrtftllt imit f M)Ull plant riulpnitnt. Clihkn imint be ruUt'd rn.h )rur. and .faulty brml Inn tiiiUuitri frvyurntly rmiM muvU lorn Hint lilt le or no profit nn b ritictl, no nmttrr how carefully the il unt l iHrilrl tn oilier reptcM. The following hint from TrofrnMir Htoiirburn will prove litrul In may one who U now ntniKKlliiK villi tltt nuiHt lmporliu( pioblriii. 1 shielded against draughts, dampness extreme fluctuations of temperatures and tho ninny enemies which besot them. Or, to reverso this, the house should ho dry, freely vnntllutod with out causing direct draughts, light, sunny, cheerful and roomy. 1'rowllng rats, cats and skunks may bo baffled by having properly constructed doors and openings covered with closo meshed wire netting. The flour should be dry earth cov ered with flno litter, an chaff, cut straw or hay. or similar material. If giving air, but avoid draughts at all times. The building should never be hot and Huffy. Any objection able odor lb always tho sign that more fresh air la needed. Lot It In I Sunshine In the brooder-house Ih most desirable during the mouths of Winter and Spring, aud It Is an easy matter to admit It. Ilurlg the hot season It Is usually best to shade, the windows to keep the sun out, since It Is desirable that the house temper ature be then kept as low as possible. Always bear In mind this fact tno HY I'liDK. KKKHKIilO II. STONKllfltX. TIIK profitable productive life of our domestic chickens Is, un fortunately, limited. As egg producers, hens nro usually most profitable during the first and sec ond laying seasons, and few commer cial poultrynien make a practice of keeping any biriN, save a few choice breeding specimens, more than two seasons. Many renew their flocks of layers each year, selling their pullets a.f they go Into molt and replacing thorn with early-hatched pullets. Naturally, this situation makes It necessary for most poultry keepers to prow each Spring at least as ninny chicks as there are adult birds In the flock, if 50 per cent of the latter are to be replaced, since half the chicks will be males. If the entire laying flock is to be renewed, two chicks must he reared for every adult in the lock. I'gg farmers, producers of table poultry and fanciers are alike con fronted by this problem, and In large dero"! their success in poultry hus bandry is determined by the results they secure in hatching and roaring tin so yearly crops of chlck9. Select Hi-oodci-n With Care. It follows, then, that one should pay particular attention to his hatch ing and brooding equipment. Any reasonable expense here Is entirely justified if good results arc obtained. It is poor economy to save a few dollars on brooders or brooder houses only to lose all chance of making a profit because of inability to raise chicks through faulty or dangerous construction of machines or buildings. On tho other hand, the most expensive machines are not necessarily most satisfactory. Mere price is not a guarantee of efficiency. There Is a vast numlnir of differ ent types of brooders on the market. Due may choose between the small fireless brooder accommodating a score of chicks, tho lainp-heated brooder with a capacity of 50 to 100, the colony brooder for 200 to 1500, or the great pipe systems which will care for many thousands. Kach has its place, no one is best suited to all conditions. Therefore the Individual poultryman must study his own prob lem and adopt that type of brooder which best fits into his general scheme of management. First of all, the brooder must be efficient it must raise the chicks. Every other factor Is secondary. There is no profit or satisfaction In carrying chicks to the brooder and soon carrying them out to bury. Bet ter have one good machine which will raise tno youngsters than Tubs with a halt dozen death traps in the hope of finally getting a fair flock to gether from them. The machine should be safe. i neapiy constructed brooders may cause fires which not only kill the flocks of chicks, but destroy valuable property as well. The brooder should be convenient to manage. Complicated devices which require constant attention are a nuisance, and in too many cases the attendant is tempted to neglect them because they are so trouble some. Then disaster follows. Finally, the brooder should be economical In operation. The con sumption of fuel goes on 24 hours each day, and If the cost Is high the cost of each chick reared is corre spondingly increased. Durability and Simplicity. Of course, durability and simplici ty are uestrauie also, but efficiency convenience, safety and economy are primary considerations. In the space available It is not pos sible to discuss in detail the relative merits of the various types of brood ers. The majority of poultrymen are today using either the lamp-heated hovers or colony brooders, and the proper management of such machines will be outlined below. These direc tions will apply to either, if the dif ference in their size is borne In mind. The house In which the brooder is operated should be tightly construct ed. Uaby chicks are tender. They need constant comfort and protec tion. Therefore they should be made of boards or cement, a layer chickens must bo kept continuously of earth mav bo nut on. A lively I comfortable. Glvo them warmth and chick does enjoy having plenty of dirt In which to wnllow, and when this Is provided thero will bo Iosb trouble with dry feet and shanks, rreliinluary Operation. Operate the brooder for a few dajB before putting the chicks under It. I.oarn Just how to manage It. Study It until you know how best to regu late the heat and caro for the lamp or fire. Have the hover warm enough. Kather provide too much heat than too little, provided tho chicks have liberty to move out to a cooler place, ltemeinber that they have been In an Incubator having a temperature of about 100 degrees, and a sudden drop Is harmful. At first the hover temperature should be from 95 to 100 degrees. After five or six days reduce it to 90 degrees. Continue to reduce It slow ly as the brood develops until heat Is no lunger required. This temperature should be regis tered by a thermometer having Its bulb but three or four inches from the floor not considerably nbovo tho chicks. This Is an Important point. I'se warm baskets or boxes to carry the chicks from Incubator to brooder, especially when the weather Is cold. It Is an easy matter to chill the tender youngsters and when this happens trouble follows. 1'lace tho chicks under the hover so they will quickly learn whero the heat Is. They will soon begin to come out and Inspect the strange world In which they find themselves, running hack to the shelter of tho hover when alarmed or uncomfortable. Put up a low fonce or partition of some K I ml to hold the brood near the hover for tho first day or two This will prevent any Individuals from wandering too far away and thus getting killed, and from piling up in tlio corners of tho room Do not be afraid to ventilate the building freely. Lot In tho health- sunshine In cold weather, protect thorn against too much of those dur ing warm weather. Keep tho brooder and houso clean. Not somewhat clean, but actually clean and sanitary. Kemovn tho ac cumulated droppings at frequent In tervals, especially under tho hover. Iteplaco tho soiled Utter as circum stances require. The houso cannot be too clean, but It may easily be come too dirty. Keep ou tho safe side. (Jet the chicks out on the ground as soon as possible. Arter settled Spring weather has arrived they may bo permitted to run out In their yards when four or five nays of ago. Karly In the season, while snow lin gers or tho earth Is wet and muddy, they must be kept In the pons until somewhat older. Hut lot thorn out as soon as it Is safe to do so. They will grow bettor. Somo Mortality Kxpoitctl. No matter how carefully the brooder Is attended to, some loss must bo expected. It is tho duty of the poultrymnn to keep such loss as low as possible by learning what dangers exist and thou aroldlug them, Tho machine is not always respon sible for all deaths among tho chicks placed In It. The lulstakos made In caring for the breeding stock, the means at hand. Keep thom a.. trom uio cnicaa at night, aUk. u of dog, gun and traps. H Accidents may take their toll k, most of those may bo urevuS.i Swinging doors, fulling boardi Jn. covered water palls do their work effectively If glvon a chance. Bni none or these are necessary. loss from inch sources Is duo to iw loMsnoss. Small chick doors leuding fr0B houso to yard are also trouble,...,. at times. If the chicks In tho yrj aro suddenly attacked by cat a. hawk, or If a heavy ralu com , quickly, tho youngster will buitu for cover. lteuchlng tho narrow doorway they will Jam Into and block It, many being bruised and 0t her wlse Injured, while the rest are hell outside, to become victims of ctinuilei or weather. The remedy lies In h. lug roomy doors through which thi whole flock oun quickly pass, Tho observant poultryman h studios his business and keeps B, eyes open will be constantly ounert. lug little practical points like th lust. If ho then penults "accident," to happen ho has only himself to thank. As the chicks get old and itrotif enough they will begin to disregard the brooder, squatting outsldo tht hover nnd roosting on feed troughi etc. Immediately put In some low roosts, strips of wood elevated but I few Inches above the floor. Thi Btrongor Individuals will soon nuki uso of these, and presently tho whoU brood will bo found thero nt night The work of the brooder has tli been completed and the rhlrka art ready to go to the colony-houii, whero they will be carried to m turity. Copyright. 113, by Mntos-Mdim Ailru, Using Company, Inc. Only Worm. A I'hllndelplila school teacher bti lutely boon Instructing her pupils la uso of weak breedlnir birds, lniiironer .. . ... ... . ' " .ii ..7.... ;... .Grecian mytnotogy. u is tno plants Incubation, all may manifest them selves by mortality among the chicks and obviously tho brooder cannot correct these. Sudden changes In the brooder temperature, chilling or overheating, frequently cause much trouble. This danger may be avoided through tho uso of tompernluro-roguliillng de vices and careful attention. Avoid Chick IMhousoh. Diseases may be kept away, ut least the majority of them, by main taining good sanitary conditions. Knemles must bo fought by every unve ine cimuren read the tuln aloud, and the next day recount then in ineir own language., (inn iml, to wiioin was given i no assignment to render to ins own language the itorr of tho tiorgons, did so In theu terms: I ho tlorgons were three sluten (t.nt lltf.i.l I.. tl.A lulun.l It ide somewhere In tho Itnllnn near. Ihey had long snakes for hair, tutki for It in nnd claws for nails, and iney loosed mko women, only mora horrible. I'lttHburg Chronic h Telegraph. OLD ENGLISH GAMB 11 A NT A MS. i iV.cvrv,,,.,. 'rife--? ' V -vr ,r i t.: i " f m , ire V pi in l B liVll'Blttl UKIU UUI1 IB III. B III 1 1 1 n T 1 1 r nr IKa f II .1 I. rt r 1 1 t. I n . ...t mi . . . i .....,...,,., ,y ,1, cltu attention or Amrun fanciers, and IUr. rr bui . llmlt.,1 n.h.r ut oo ppccimins in tins country. The flrnwlnr ).. , . ... - . .... . . ." "T r" v"""'" m ru, ron, maun anil whit, tne Peculiar utmim!.. Urtn l.r.,l..rnlH leaiure 01 ilia co or man " " torTheYrTiVrVVli "JUr,'"!Y ,,U ' "'"'n the spirit of their fighting ances- mJ . Il.rrfsoi" v,"lrP description of the origins! bantam written year, KO by that great Kngllsh authority, welthrihnfC1r?lf ar,nnn.Z".tir,i'rn":l0";' rlvllnw ,h OM K'Ksh lame ro. k In thl. respect, neither the else, form, nor . ..n.Vt ?r i,"t",y d,"er'ent 10 nl" vigorous attack. Nothing daunted the courage l"l et.io.l V t Ssl 'n.v lv"B. Tin as lonK asT." hl7?i'!,l " bat'', ,:" '' VKln he would"." rTn'w the con- exhaustion, the Bht VndlS" "dSl 1 l " liU k Unt"- frum be slytn. a"m BRnUm b" noi t"" ,,m,t,1 American M.udard, no offlol.l welghu' cm 11
