1 1
Worldwide Controversy
Over Discovery of North
Pole Will Probably Con
tinue For Years Await
Cook's Book 3 J
The Commander Is a
Man of Wealth Owns
Sixteen Islands on Maine
Coast Mrs. Peary's
Record Trip J J
By FREDERICK R. TOOMBS.
SMALL wonder that the discovery
of the north pole should have
precipitated a war among the
mapniakers of the earth. The
sensational circumstances attending the
revealing of the exploits of the Cook
and the Peary expeditions made cer
tain a long series of disputes, differ
ences of opinion, rival claims and rival
charges. ' '
Each man's announcement that he
reached the pole must in the light of
subsequent events be accepted as true
until proved false. One thing seems
rfortnfn fhat tha arrival In rha TTnitfwl
States of both Intrepid conquerors of
the arctic drift will not bring a quick
solution of the Intricate points Involv
ed, nor will it end the controversy that
Is spreading and flaming like a prairie
flri ThAir flrrlvnl on t.hpsw Rhnrea
will, on the contrary, fan the sparks
still higher, and no man can foresee
what the ultimate outcome will be.
Peary Is expected in New York In a
few days, and Dr. Cooi announces
that he will arrive there about Sept. 21.
That the discussion as to who really
discovered the pole will extend over a
Cook states that the most convincing
proof of his claims will not be given
lty of Dr. Cook's assertions. This at
titude is probably a natural one, owing
to the fact that Peary Is a popular-
navy man and one who has spent
considerable time in cultivating friend
ships in official circles in Washington. '
In European "circles," however, Dr.
Cook is credited as much as Peary,
and in Denmark his story is accepted
as absolutely true by the leading geo
graphical ' authorities. The fact that
the Royal Geographical society of Den
mark presented him with a gold medal
and that the council of the University
of Copenhagen by a vote of '10 to 1.
resolved to confer on Cook the degree
of doctor of philosophy (honoris causa)
is an indication of the force with
which his story impressed the hard
headed, unexcitable experts of the
Danish nation. ,It is probable that the
Danes are better qualified to Judge the
merits or demerits of a north pole dis
covery story than any other nation.
That vital differences as to veracity
should arise between two world heroes
of the caliber of Cook and Peary Is a
matter of poignant regret. Both men
are of spartan mold, fearless, deter
mined, enduring and patriotic. Each
has performed a feat that will fix his.
name' securely in the history of his
country and his time. Therefore If
v . - - - ; z ' tst f v.
PEAEY IN
COMMANDER
AKCTIC COSTUME.
out until his new book appears, and as
a result the publication of the work is
Awaited with keen interest on all sides.
Peary's Claim That He Was First.
Most of the acrimony given -ihe dis-
- -cusslon, particularly during the last
few days, was caused by the publica
tion of a statement by Keuter's News
agency, which said that Commander
. Peary claimed that he was the first
man to reach the pole. This report
gave still another dramatic turn to the
situation, and the many supporters of
Dr. Cook expressed heated indignation
at such action by ... Peary before he
tad had a chance to look Into a detailed
account of his rival's trip. ' Also 'as an
indication of the fairness of Dr. Cook
toward Peary the former's friends
point to the message sent from Copen
hagen m which the doctor said: I am ,
glad to hear of Peary's success. If he
eays he reached the pole I know hegot J
there." , . , ; ; j
. An unpleasant turn was given the
situation, again, by the dispatch sent '
from Greenland stating that Dr. Cook
had taken for his own use dogs raised
. especially for Peary and food held In
reserve for him. Dr. Cook's reply to
this charge is as follows:'; :
"I understand that a rumor Is cur
rent about my having taken some of
Peary's food and dogs at Etab, ThlsV
' is founded on Eskimo gossip and mis-.
. understanding. I desire no controver-"
'" sy. 1 simply say in reply to any such
assertion, 'No.'r Commander, Peary is
a friend of mine." :'
Navy's Support of Peary.
Commander Peary has more sup
porters in the Unite States as re
gards his claims than has Dr. Cook.
His friends in the navy department
either is attacked in the interest of
the other an injustice of no small pro
portions Is done."
Captain C: T. Hansen, chief of the
nautical department of the Danish Me
teorological institute, declares that he
believes firmly Peary duplicated Cook's
achievement by following the western
route for the greater, part of his path
north. ' . ' ;
Captain Sverdrup, who commanded
Nansen's boat, the Fram, says that the
last telegrams received from Peary are
much more convincing to him than the
first, which he was inclined to doubt.
But SverdruiTsays he is convinced
absolutely that Cook reached the pole.
Peary Tells of Hardships.
Commander Peary related the fol
lowing at a reunion of the Washing
ton alumni of Bowdoln college:
"To note briefly one of my arctic ex
periences, on the 6th of January, 1899,
after a "sledge journey in the very mid
night of the great arctic night, a jour
ney over an unknown frozen road of
such roughness as you can scarcely
imagine, reduced to a diet of raw dog,
I stumbled into Fort Conger,' the aban
doned headquarters of the Lady Frank
lin bay expedition, with both feet seri
ously frozen. "For six weeks I lay
there on my back, a helpless cripple,
through the utter darkness, living prin
Mpally upon cornmeal and molasses,
my companions trying to Inject a lit
tle warmth . into, the . deadly cold by
burning empty boxes and barrels; until
the faint rays of returning daylight in
the latter part of February permitted
ah attempt to reach my ship, 250 miles
.to the south.- Lashed down to a sledge,
my feet and legs wrapped in a musk
ox skin, that journey of 250 miles was
made In eleven marches of from twelve
fcarcstood by every word he has sent I9 eighteen hours each,; bumping and
thna fur r,A rp not Pndfiavorine to pounding over the broken ice of the
convince the public of the responsibU- Arctic sea- The mean minimum dally
temperature during that march was
53 degrees below zero. The temper
ature the day we reached the ship was
65 degrees below . zero."
Mrs. Peary, who has all along insist
ed that her husband would reach the
pole, holds the record for the woman
who has lived farthest north. She
spent a .year on the northern edge of
Greenland with the commander when
he made the first detailed explorations
there. ' ; -. ' ;-.. .;
The long wimer night and the hard
ships Inevitable under the circum
stances produced no unfavorable' et
fects upon Mrs. Peary, who battled
through the dreary season of darkness
with all the energy shown by the men
of the party. To her doubtless the
party owed much of the comparative
comfort which relieved the monotony
of the winter season. No -white w '
man had been so far north by several
hundreds ,of miles as Mrs. Peary at
that time (1892).. A Danish woman
lived for a long time at Tessuisak,"
about forty miles above Upernavik.
This is hundreds of miles south of
the place where Mrs. Peary spent a
year. The Eskimo women were par
ticularly interested in the white ' wo
man who had come among, them, and
Mrs. Peary was of much service to her
husband in the pursuit of his ethno
logical researches.
Laughs at Auto and Airship Plan.
The explorer has never had any sym
pathy with the various schemes ad
vanced to invade the Ice locked polar
regions with airships or automobiles.
When Dr. Cook proposed a few years
ago to dash for the south pole in an
auto Commander Peary scoffed at the
Idea. He said: "The roughness of the
ice would prevent any such plan 'from
working out successfully. Then, too,
the stretches of open water could not
be overcome." " . - ; '.;'"..-
He also deprecated the idea of going
to the north pole in an airship in the
following words: " v,
"I don't feel like criticising those
who try the airship method of naviga
tion. I tten't care for a balloon, " Let
me put it in this way:' I don't believe
that the airship in its present state of
development can successfully : combat
the conditions which will be met with
in an attempt to reach the pole. When
an airship has been constructed which
can navigate the air independent of
storms and behave in the air as one of
the big liners does at sea in any kind
of weather, then it is time enough to
talk about reaching the pole by means
of an airship, but not before. My ex
periences have not impaired by belief
in my own method, which is in making
a dash over the ice by means of sleds.
"My Most Important Work."
Commander Peary has long main
tained that the discovery of .the pole
would not prove the most important
result of arctic exploration.: He states
his views on the subject in the follow
ing words: .-" ' :V
"The gain to the scientific world by
the results of my work-in the arctic
regions is of far more actual value
than' the discovery of the north pole,
The discovery of the north pole is
merely a more -or less spectacular fact,
but still one that had to be tried again
and again until actually accomplished.
I have traveled the most northerly
laud on the globe. The departments
of science' which will be benefited by
my sojourn in the north are geology,
meteorology, anthropology and natural
history. The full result of my labors,
especially in the field of meteorology,
cannot be fully ascertained until the
observations I have taken have been
worked out by scientists. V
Perhaps the most important result
of my labor I am not now speaking
from a scientific standpoint is the
demonstrating most conclusively that
the right kind of a man can carry on
arctic exploration without great dan
ger or suffering exceptional hardships.
In fact, he can work in the far north
as well as in his office in New York.
"In natural' history the work I have
done, I am vain enough to" think, is
great. 3o, expeditions ever had the
opportunity that we had of studying
the musk ox. I have sent home at
different times very complete speci
mens of this animal, and I havfe also
sent a young walrus. So far as I
know, no other specimens of these anf
mals are now living in captivity, and
scientists have unexcelled opportunity
to study them: when alive.. J i -
Commander Peary is widely report
ed to be a poor man, -one who has been
impoverished by his arctic trips. Such
is not the case, however.. Three years
ago he purchased a total of sixteen
islands along the Maine coast north of
Portland, which are held at high prices
owing to the demand for exclusive
sites for cottages along the coast. Sev
eral of the islands are in Casco bay.
Eagle island, which he owns, has for
several years been Commander Peary's
stronghhold, his fortress, , where he
could retire at will safe from the at
tacks of interviewers and photogra
phers. It is an outside Island , about
fifteen mUes from Portland, partly
wooded, partly open, with vegetation
almost tropical in Its density- --.
The commander also' owns Basket
Island, In Casco bay, an ideal seashore
resort.: It is a small island, probably
not more than a quarter of a mile long
and perhaps an eighth of a mile wide.
In fact, it Is an ideal location for a big
seashore. hotel of the exclusive type,
and this, it is said, is just the use to
which Commander Peary will eventu
ally put it. He has purchased an island
off Freeport called "A Pound of Tea,"
and away down the middle bay, off
Freeport, is Shelter island, twenty
miles from Portland and about the
same size as Basket.' This is one of
the explorer's purchases.
- Within a radius of five miles from
Eagle island are Great. Mark, Upper
Flag and ' Horse islands. ' All these
have been acquired by him 'within
three years, and all are desirable.
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