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U.N. uncertain on Iraq
The U.N., which has been
involved with Iraq for
decades, may maintain
a key humanitarian role
Peter Sur
Freelance Reporter
The humanitarian crisis created
by the fall of Saddam Hussein’s
regime presents the largest chal
lenge in Iraq today, a U.N.
spokesman said.
“The most important aspect of
the conflict now is the safety of the
civilian population and the humani
tarian situation,” said Stephan Du
jarric, a spokesman for the U.N. Sec
retary General.
“We’ve seen the breakdown of law
and order over the past few days,
which has resulted in the looting of
food warehouses and much more
importantly, of hospitals that have
been stripped of medical supplies
(and) medical equipment,” he said.
Dujarric declined to estimate the
cost of rebuilding Iraq, but he said
the United Nations has appealed for
more than #1.5 billion, most of
which would go to food aid.
Since Hussein became presi
dent in 1979, Iraq has had a com
bative relationship with the Unit
ed Nations.
After the Gulf War ended in
1991, the Security Council passed
resolutions that called on Iraq to
end the repression of its civilians
and to destroy all chemical and bi
ological weapons and ballistic mis
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siles with a range of more than 93
miles. The Security Council de
manded Iraq open its borders to
humanitarian aid, and it estab
lished the U.N. Special Commis
sion (UNSCOM) to oversee the dis
armament process, according to
the U.N. Web site.
From June 1991, when the
weapons inspections started, to Dec.
1998, each side accused the other of
lying. UNSCOM condemned Iraq for
restricting access to suspected
weapons sites. Iraq, in turn, accused
UNSCOM of including U.S. and
British spies in its inspection teams.
The inspectors left Iraq in 1998 in
advance of four days of U.S.
airstrikes on military targets and
suspected weapons sites.
Ultimately, UNSCOM uncovered
an extensive chemical and biological
warfare program and supervised the
destruction of 30 missile chemical
warheads, 760 tons of chemical
weapons agent and more than 38,000
filled and empty chemical munitions,
according to the U.N. Web site.
U.N. weapons inspectors were ab
sent from Iraq until late last year,
when the Bush administration be
gan pressing Iraq to disarm its
weapons of mass destruction.
In November, the Security Coun
cil passed Resolution 1441, which
called for “immediate, unimpeded,
unconditional and unrestricted ac
cess” to buildings, equipment and
records, along with private inter
views with Iraqi officials. The reso
lution warned of “serious conse
quences” if Iraq failed to comply.
Dujarric said weapons inspectors
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returned to Iraq on Nov. 27,
2002, under the authority of the
United Nations Monitoring, Veri
fication and Inspection Commis
sion (UNMOVIC).
“They did discover some
weapons and some traces of
weapons,” Dujarric said. He said
he could not assess whether the
inspectors were successful be
cause “they have not finished
their work.”
Meanwhile, on the humanitarian
front, the United Nations adminis
tered the Oil-for-Food program,
which began in Dec. 1996. The pro
gram allowed Iraq to sell its oil and
use the proceeds to meet the needs
of its people. The program has dis
tributed more than $25 billion in
humanitarian supplies and equip
ment to Iraq, according to the U.S.
Department of State.
Last month, the Security Council
became the target of intense lobby
ing efforts as the United States
pushed for a new resolution con
cluding Iraq had failed to comply
with Resolution 1441. When it be
came clear the resolution would not
pass, the United States withdrew it
and prepared for war.
Despite the United States’ appar
ent circumvention of the Security
Council, it remains “extremely rel
evant,” according to political sci
ence Professor Jane Cramer.
“The U.N. is going to be critical to
winning the peace,” she said. “We
have to give them the central, main
role in rebuilding Iraq.”
However, Students for Peace member
Alexander Gonzalez said the U.N.’s role,
if any, would only be humanitarian.
“It would most likely have noth
ing to do with restructuring and re
building the country,” he said.
He said whatever humanitarian
aid the United Nations could pro
vide in Iraq would be insufficient,
considering the destruction from
the two U.S.-led wars.
According to Dujarric, the mem
bers of the Security Council would de
cide any political or economic role for
the United Nations in rebuilding Iraq.
“The important issue is that the
Iraqi people themselves be given
the chance to choose their own
leaders and to become again the
masters of their own fate,” Dujar
ric said.
Peter Sur is a freelance writer
for the Emerald.