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Nation & world briefing
Martin Luther King Jr.
35 years after his death
Gregory Lewis
South Florida Sun-Sentinel (KRT)
FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. —
The myth of the Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr. was born 35 years
ago today.
Assassinated on April 4, 1968, as
he stood on the balcony of the Lor
raine Motel in Memphis, Tenn., King
has become a victim once again —
this time, of selective memory.
As far as Julian Bond is con
cerned, the day King was shot to
death is “the beginning of the re
shaping of King’s legacy by erasing
the last five years of his life, freez
ing him in August 1963.” Since his
death at the age of 39, King’s image
as a dreamer has supplanted King
the radical opponent of the Viet
nam War and economic exploita
tion of the poor.
Bond said history has pushed
aside King’s anti-war sentiments for
the more mainstream ones found in
the Aug. 28, 1963, “I Have A
Dream” speech, recognized as one
of history’s greatest, that he deliv
ered from the steps of the Lincoln
Memorial to more than 200,000
people attending his March on
Washington for equal opportunity.
“The dream was five years before
he died,” said Bond, the former
Georgia state legislator who was a
friend of King’s. “He did much,
much more than that speech be
tween 1963 and 1968. He was more
radical in 1968 than in 1963. We
were uncomfortable with those is
sues when he was alive and still are
years after his death.”
“With many people who die
young, they instantly become mar
tyrs and people quickly rush to
freeze their image in one way or
another,” said Bond, now chair
man of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People and a civil rights history
professor at American University
in Washington, D.G.
Here’s a King statement that isn’t
generally taught in schools and that
isn’t flashed across television screens
in Black History Month blurbs:
“Perhaps a more tragic recogni
tion of reality took place when it
became clear to me that the war
was doing far more than devastat
ing the hopes of the poor at home.
It was sending their sons and their
brothers and their husbands to
fight and to die in extraordinarily
high proportions relative to the
rest of the population. We were
taking the black young men who
had been crippled by our society
and sending them eight thousand
miles away to guarantee liberties
in Southeast Asia which they had
not found in southwest Georgia
and East Harlem.”
— “Beyond Vietnam, ”April 4,1967
In the American psyche, Mal
colm X represented the black bo
geyman and King, with his non-vi
olent philosophy, was a more
palatable alternative for masses of
people, historians say.
Yet, just as Malcolm still is de
fined by rhetoric like “by any
means necessary” and his racial
separation speeches when he was
allied with the Nation of Islam,
Malcolm moderated those views
on race after a 1964 pilgrimage to
Mecca, where he Was accepted as a
Muslim by people with white skin
and blue eyes.
Malcolm X and Martin Luther King
Jr. agreed about the Vietnam War and
the use of black soldiers to fight for
democracy overseas when they had
none in their own country.
As King said:
“So we have been repeatedly faced
with the cruel irony of watching Ne
gro and white boys on TV screens as
they kill and die together for a nation
that has been unable to seat them to
gether in the same schools. So we
watch them in brutal solidarity burn
ing the huts of a poor village, but we
realize that they would hardly live on
the same block in Chicago. I could
not be silent in the face of such cruel
manipulation of the poor.”
— “Beyond Vietnam”
Claybome Carson, head of the
Martin Luther King Jr. Papers project
at Stanford University, said the King
and-dream image developed out of
our “soundbite” mentality and efforts
to sell the King birthday holiday to
skeptical Americans.
“Before his death, King was
quite unpopular, so it was easy to
dismiss the last three years of his
life, to return to a time of approval
of what he said,” Carson said. “You
need to go to a part of King that’s
not too controversial, not too radi
cal. It’s easier to celebrate that.”
Carson recalled that even close
advisers wanted King to avoid his
final trip to Memphis, where the
Nobel Peace Prize winner would
take up the issue of striking
garbage workers.
“He had the intestinal fortitude
to die at the scene fighting for the
rights of people who pick up
garbage, who pick up trash,” said
Fort Lauderdale City Manager
Floyd Johnson, 55. “That speaks
to the essence of the man more
than any speech.”
In King’s words:
“The issue is injustice. The issue
is the refusal of Memphis to be fair
and honest in its dealings with its
public servants, who happen to be
sanitation workers. Now, we’ve got
to keep attention on that.”
— “I’ve Been to The Mountain
Top,” April 3,1968
King was shot to death the next
night.
“There are few shocks that
rocked the black community like
the assassination of Martin Luther
King,” said Julian Bond. “Malcolm
X did not, except in certain cir
cles. John F. Kennedy rocked
America more.”
While King’s legacy is marked by
his “I Have A Dream” speech, Car
son said that his take on the war
and the cause of the poor were
consistent with his philosophy.
“He believed that a society is
judged by how it treats those at
the bottom of the social order.”
© 2003 South Florida Sun-Sentinel.
Distributed by Knight Ridder/Tribune
Information Services.
J714869R18
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P.O.
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versity of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.The
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