Oregon daily emerald. (Eugene, Or.) 1920-2012, May 30, 2000, Page 8, Image 8

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Study says smoking plays
major role in gum disease
By Lindsey Tanner
The Associated Press
CHICAGO — Cigarette smok
ing may play a major role in
more than half of the cases of se
vere gum disease in adults na
tionwide, suggesting that one of
the main causes of tooth loss
could be prevented, a govern
ment study shows.
While it has long been known
that smoking can help cause gum
disease, this is the first national
study to show how widespread
the problem is, said Dr. Scott
Tomar, a researcher with the fed
eral Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention.
Jack Caton, president of the
American Academy of Periodon
tology, called the numbers “stag
gering” and said the study
should “compel even more den
tal care providers to get involved
in tobacco cessation efforts.”
Current smokers were about
four times more likely than peo
ple who never smoked to have
periodontitis, but ex-smokers
who had abstained for 11 years
faced no increased risk, accord
ing to Tomar, whose findings
were published in the May issue
of the Journal of Periodontology.
Overall, 52.8 percent of peri
odontitis in the study was attrib
uted to current and former smok
ing.
Periodontitis, advanced gum
disease that destroys the tissue
and bone surrounding the teeth,
is generally caused by bacteria
contained in plaque buildup.
Researchers believe smoking
causes damage that makes the
gums more vulnerable to bacteri
al infection. Tobacco can sup
press the body’s immune system,
impeding its ability to fight in
fection. It also reduces blood
flow to the gums, depriving them
of oxygen and nutrients that al
low gums to stay healthy, Tomar
said.
“One of the functions of gums
is to prevent underlying bone
from being destroyed. If you re
duce the ability of cells to repair,
you will over time lose support
for the tooth” and tooth loss may
result, said Tomar, who studied
government health data on
12,329 people.
Fifty-five percent of the study
subjects with periodontitis were
current smokers and 21.8 per
cent were former smokers. Cur
rent smokers of more than 11/2
packs of cigarettes a day were
nearly six times more likely than
nonsmokers to have periodonti
tis. Those who smoked less than
half a pack daily were almost
three times more likely to have
the disease.
Smoking and periodontitis
were both more common in
black men and low-income
adults — findings in line with
U.S. Surgeon General David
Satcher’s report last week on a
“silent epidemic” of oral disease
in minorities and low-income
Americans. Tobacco use was one
of the factors blamed for the
problem in the report.
Deborah Winn, a specialist in
dental disease and oral cancer at
the National Cancer Institute,
called Tomar’s findings “comple
mentary” with Satcher’s report.
She said the study does a good
job of outlining yet another rea
son to quit smoking.
“Tobacco prevention and ces
sation will be critical in reducing
periodontal disease,” she said.
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