Survivors recall horror of attack on Pearl Harbor
PEARL HARBOR.
Hawaii (AP) — Sur
vivors of the attack
on Pearl Harbor re
NATIONAL
I called the horror
they felt as they
watched Japanese bomba claim the lives
of those around them 51 years ago Mon
day.
"The number seven, no matter whore I
see It, brings back memories." Jack
Walsh. 69, of Mesa, Ariz... said at a cere
mony In Phoenix. "It’s supposed to be a
lucky number. Well, maybe It Is. because
I got through the whole war ”
The attack camo without warning. It
killed 2.403 Americans, wounded 1,178,
and plunged the United State* Into
World War II.
"Have you ever smelled burning flesh
for 10 or 20 years?” asked Ed Mahoney, a
former medic who Is now president of
the Phoenix chapter of the Pearl Harbor
Survivors Association "It just lingered
(In my nose )"
Adm. Kobort ). Kelly, commander of
the U S Pacific Fleet, told those gathered
at the USS Arizona Memorial that the
most Important lesson from Pearl Harbor
is thBt being prepared to defend freedom
is tho best way to preserve peace.
"At no time Is this more relevant than
at this very moment," he said "Encour
aging as it Is, the world is slill vory much
unsettled. and dangerous ."
His talk was followed by a minute's si
lence. broken by o fly-over by Hawaii Air
National Guard jets The memorial spans
the sunken battleship Arizona in which
1,102 officers and crewmen are still en
tombed.
This year's ceremonies wurn low-key
compared to last year's 50th anniversary
observance, which Included a visit by
President George Bush.
Bush this year laid a wreath at the U S.
Navy Memorial in Washington, saying.
"On that long ago day of infamy, brave
boys became men. und brave men Ihv
ceme heroes."
Bush announced that two new ships
will bn named in honor of tho deud at
Pearl Harbor: an amphibious d<K:k land
ing ship, USS Pearl Harbor; und u de
stroyer, tJSS Ross, for ('apt Donald Ross,
a Medal of Honor recipient at Pearl Hur
hor who died earlier this year.
losoph Sumner, who was aboard USS
Honolulu, on Monday attended u cere
mony with about 100 people In Lexing
ton. Ky
"1 came out of the Navy ... und carried
it (his war memorubllia) all to the attic
and let it bo." he said “I thought I'd real
ly buried It.
"1 guess it was only when I went to the
Vietnam Memorial in DC. that I realized
whut was buried Inside me."
Panel says media needs minorities
NEW YORK (AP) — if newspapers don't hire
more minority group members, they’ll eventually
loso minorities as readers, publishers were told
Dec. 3 at an industry summit on minority hiring
and advancement.
"If you don't do it because it's the right thing,
then do it because it's the smart thing," advised
Gregory Favre, executive editor of The Sacramen
to (Calif.) Bee.
In the next seven years more than threc-quar
tors of the nation’s population growth is expected
to occur among non-whites. Yet only 9 percent of
newspaper staffors are minority group members
— about half the minority share of the general
population — and an evon lower percentage uro
supervisors.
While publishers long have declared their de
sire to hire more blacks, Hlspanlcs and Asians,
many editors complain that it is hard to attract
qualified applicants and that many of those hired
leave for better-paying jobs.
The publishers mot under tho auspices of the
Newspaper Association of America and tho
American Society of Newspaper Editors.
Simdel Estos-Sumpter, president of tho Nation
al Association of Black Journalists, said after a si
milar session lost year, "I predicted that a year
from now thore’d be a lot of task forces, a lot of
subcommittees, and very little would bo dono.
Most of that prediction hus come true.
"I'm not worried about whether you embrace
diversity or not." she said. "Because if not. it’s
over. You won't be putting out a product any
one will want to read or advertise in."
Estes-Sumptor, u nows planner at WAGA-TV In
Atlanta, described "nowsrooms that are increas
ingly hostile to minorities." She was echoed by
Wanda Lloyd of USA Today, who said she gets
calls from other black journalists around the na
tion complaining about "the racism and hostility
in muny of our newsrooms."
Charios Brumback. president and chief execu
tive officer of tho Tribune Co. of Chicago, said he
Tm not worried about whether
you embrace diversity or not
Because If not... You won* be
putting out a product anyone
will want to read or advertise
In.’
— Simdel Estes-Sumpter,
president of Nat Assoc of Black Journalists
was surprised staffers would call Lloyd rather
than tuku complaints to their own bosses He said
of the atmosphere In newsrooms "I think it's get
ting better."
"1 don't think so." Lloyd replied. "Go to any
minority journalism association mooting and you
hoar that."
"Your frustration is shared by many of us," re
sponded Arthur Sulzberger Jr., publisher of The
New York Times. He said morn!>ers of the Timex'
own task force on diversity have "been at each
other's throats" ami that it took three days of spe
cial meetings “to get them tulking again."
"People want to know where's the beef," said
the session's monitor. Wtllium Boyd of The I’oyn
tnr Institute, referring to minority journalists'
complaints that the publishers offered more talk
than action. "1 see some beef."
Among initiatives outlined at the session
• The Associated Press takes 15 minority jour
nalism students each year into its 13-week on
the-job training course and offers a lull-time job
to all who pass. Forty-one of 66 interns who
joined remain with the news service, according to
Louis L) Boccardl, AP president and chief execu
tive officer.
Ministry program
facilitates diversity
SPOKANE (AP) — A now
Whitworth Col logo program
that's helping black ministers
better serve thoir congrega
tions may also help diversify
the college's largely while
student body, school officials
say.
Since the Marlin Luther
King Jr. Study Fellowship be
gan last spring, the Presbyte
rian college has forged a part
nership with the city's 20
blade churches. More than a
dozen ministers, most of
whom had not attended col
lege, have used the program
for education and friendship
It's a change for the school.
Just 28 of iU 1,800 students
and two of 02 faculty mem
bers ore black.
"They have had a culture
which does not understand
black culture. But the barrier
that was there has been
brought down some," said
the Rev. Ezra Kinlow, pastor
of Holy Tomple Church of
God and one of three minis
ters in theology professor
Dale Bruner's Gospel of St.
John class.
"I think we are finding
great friendship In another
culture In the Christian
world," Kinlow said.
The program ts helping
Whitworth remold IU "lily
white campus" image and
may help attract moro black
student* to the college, Bru
ner said.
The program was devel
oped after the son of a Whit
worth professor committed
suicide last January. The 35
year-old man shot himself
outside the Calvary Baptist
Church, which ha* a mostly
black congregation, while
Whitworth Professor Don
Liebert and a group of college
students were attending ser
vices.
After a memorial service at
the college attended by block
church members, Liebort, re
ligion Professor Roger
Mohrlang and others realized
the tragedy offered the
churches and college a
chance to help each other.
Whitworth has convinced
black ministers the program
can help them become better
leaders, said Jerry Jones, as
sociate pastor of Calvary Bap
tist Church.
Unlike white ministers
who attend seminaries and
divinity schools, most black
ministers learn on the Job,
Janes said.
RACISM
Continued from Page 1
"People look at me and say.
'Didn't you play football for the
Ducks?' And I'm like, 'no.’ " he
said.
If people view African-Amer
icans as athletically inclined,
they assume all Aslan-Ameri
cans are academically inclined.
Asian-American students said.
Li said 9 high school history
toacher once embarrassed her
in class by voicing one of his
stereotypes.
"He said. You guys better
watch out because thorn's an
Asian in here, and Asians mess
up the curve,' ” she said. "He
was looking at me whon he said
it, and he was smiling. He
thought he was paying a com
pliment.”
Senior Linda Liu said she's
also heard students use the
term "curve busters" to de
scribe Asian-American stu
dents
Sophomore Noel Lopez said
people often expect Chicanes
to be romantic Latin lovers.
"Latins und blacks are per
ceived as exotic, so you have
white girls going out with
them," he said. "It's like we’re
their trophy.”
The Latin lover image dis
turbs Lopez. However, ho suid
he doesn't mind the view that
all Chlcanos are dependable
and faithful because he bellevos
this Is usually true
People often expect all Na
tive Amuricans to be environ
mentalists. senior Mitch Wil
kinson said.
"In the Army, they expected
me to naturally know my way
around the.woods." he said.
"God help me if I had gotten
lost, bocauso I'm an Injun.”
These subtle stereotypes cut
just as deep as overt stereoty|Kis
because they don't "give us
room to broulh," Lopez said.
“1 don't believe In positive
stereotypes." ho said "I don't
see them as positive when they
generalize about a whole group
of people They're only seen as
positive in the eyes of the ma
jority I don't agree with the pi
geon-holing ”
Stereotyping all Asian-Amer
icans as academic geniuses may
seem like a compliment to
some people. But this type of
stereotyping makes Asian-bash
ing easier, said sophomore Da
vid Grcenbaum. who is half
Japanese-American and half
white.
"It gives people another justi
fication for Asian-bashing.”
Greenbaum said "(People say).
'They’re taking our jobs
They’re hurting our grades
They're hurting our future.' "
Wilkinson said ho believes
all stereotypes are driven by Ig
norance. When people don’t
know anything about a culture,
they fill in the blanks In their
minds with stereotypes
It Is also more reassuring for
white people to think of people
of color as happy and content,
said junior Trevor Montelth, a
member of the Klamath tribe in
Chiloquin, Ore.
“A lot of people ask, 'What
kind of dwelling do you live
in?' or 'Do you live in u tee
pee?' " ho said. "It's more com
fortablo for people to think of
(Native Americans) happy on
the pmirie or the noble savage.
They're not willing to accept
lift! on the reservation.
"It's still just perpetuated
stereotypes." ho said. "Some
people have the idea that Indi
ans are alive and happy today
In some village, and others
have the negative idea they're
all drunk and thieves. Either
way it's giving people a mis
conception about what Indians
are "
Junior LaVon Pierce Jr said
the image of African-Americans
that white people see on televi
sion and in movies is reassur
ing for a different reason.
“Blacks as entertainers aren't
a threat," Pierce said "They're
The more subtle stereotypes are based
more on ignorance than mabdous Intent
The more overt stereotypes have more to
do with hate,
— Robin Holmes.
University Counseling Center
not doctors or scientists It's
non-threatening to you.”
Montelth said people hold ei
ther subtle or overt stereotypes
of Native Americans tiused on
how people feel about them.
“If you support Native Amer
icans. you'll believe they're
spiritual and noble." he said.
"If you don't like Native Amer
icans. you’ll believe they're
welfare cases and drunks "
However, both stereotypes
limit people of color by ignor
ing individual differences, se
nior Adelu Rios said
Robin Holmes, a University
Counseling Center staff psy
chologist. said she believes the
intentions of people voicing the
stereotypes is different.
"The more subtle stereotypes
arc based morn on ignorance
than malicious intent," shn
said
"The moro overt stereotypes
have moro to do with hato."
Holmes said.
Taylor said those subtle ster
eotypes cause people of color
to only focus on the areas
they’ve been told they can ex
cel at
Poor people In the African
American community come to
see athletics as a way out.
People need to recognize that
subtle stereotypes, like the
overt ones that were wide
spread before World War 11,
place limitations on Individu
als. Taylor said
"I thiink wo have to remind
folks.” ho suid.