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You will gain valuable leadership training
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Cosmic strings might explain
mystery of irregular universe
By Stan Nelson
OftfMbnraM
Astronomers have tried unsuccessfully for
years to answer the fundamental question of
why the universe is unbalanced, with some
regions of the cosmos crowded with clusters of
galaxies millions of light-years across while
even larger bodies of space seem to be empty of
matter.
Experts initially believed the condition
was a result of irregularities in the big bang
that formed the universe roughly 18 billion
years ago. However, through the use of radio
telescopes to measure relic radiation from the
explosion, it has been found that the blast was
uniform and would not account for the lumpy
nature of the universe, said Robert Zimmer
man. University phvsics professor and
member of the Institute for Theoretical
Science.
The answer may be found in a new theory
presented by two Princeton scientists,
Jeremiah Ostriker and Edward Witten, and
graduate student Chris Thompson in
November of this year that combines two in
dependent physics theories as an explanation
for the non-uniform nature of the universe.
In their report, the team suggests the
pressure from electromagnetic radiation,
created from dense hypothetical entities of
pure energy called cosmic strings, might be
responsible for making the universe non
uniform.
The strings are believed to be thinner than
an atomic nucleus, as long as the universe is
wide and so dense that a mile-long segment
would weigh as much as the earth.
The pressure from the field forces matter
outward, leaving voids of matter in space and
causing the formation of bubbles of matter
along the outside edges, according to the
theory. At the edges of the bubbles the con
gregated matter would allow galaxies to form.
If correct, the theory will change the
knowledge of physics as significantly as the
study's transition from classical to quantum
physics. Zimmerman said.
The theory is important as it combines
cosmology, the study of the origin and struc
ture of the universe, with elementary-particle
physics, the study of the elementary forces in
nature, he said.
Both fields have acquired a tremendous
amount of knowledge, and if the theory proves
true, it will allow scientists to combine the
data from both fields to explain other celestial
phenomenon, he said.
A new idea develops in elementary
particle physics every 10 years, and a new idea
develops in cosmology every 20 years, Zim
merman said.
The big bang would have created a high
enough level of energy to break symmetries in
nature, and when that occurs, imperfections in
space and time occur. Zimmerman said. When
the cosmos began to cool, a phase transition
occurred analogous to the surface of a pond
freezing, he said.
Just as chunks of ice forming on the sur
face of a pond develop fractures before solidi
fying into a solid sheet of ice. so might the
universe have developed flaws in the form of
strings. Zimmerman said.
The strings also would have the potential
to act as superconductors that could have the
effect of a giant magnetic field and sweep
clean entire regions of the galaxy, pooling the
matter into bubbles around which galaxies are
often found. Zimmerman said.
Cosmology has no exact definitions for
particular phenomenon though ideas that ex
plain the phenomenon might be widely ac
cepted. said James Isenberg. assistant
mathematics professor and ITS member.
The theory is still in its infant stage, and
most of the calculations are not well defined,
Zimmerman said. Before the theory becomes a
reality though, there needs to be direct obser
vational proof, he said.
This could occur with the observation of
the gravitational lens effect, where light is bent
around the opposite sides of a cosmic string.
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Et al.
Pi Mu Epsilon will sponsor a
talk given by Steve Myers titl
ed, “So what do you do with a
degree in math?" tonight at
7:30 in 106 Deady. All are
invited.
The National Student Ex
change will hold an introduc
tory meeting today at 10:30 a.m.
in Room 110 EMU.
Vice President |ohn Moseley
will address the Faculty Senate
today at 3:30 p.m. in 338 Gilbert
on the administration position
regarding the Riverfront
Research Park.
The public is invited to the
EMU Christmas Crafts Fair
Dec. 10-12 from 10 a.m. to 5
p.m. in Room 167 EMU. Hand
made items by local artists and
crafts people will be on sale.
There will be crafts demonstra
tions and entertainment by local
performers and free hot cider.
The University art depart
ment will have a booth at the
EMU Christmas Crafts Fair and
student works in ceramics,
printmaking, weaving and
jewelry will be offered for sale.
A portion of the proceeds for the
sale will go to the 1-aVerne
Krause Scholarship Fund, the
lan Zach Memorial Award and
toward the purchase of paper
making equipment for the art
department.
Deadline for submitting Et als
to the Emerald front desk, 300
EMU, is noon the day before
publication. Et als are run only
once. Events with a donation or
admission charge will not be
considered.