Oregon daily emerald. (Eugene, Or.) 1920-2012, October 31, 1986, Page 4, Image 4

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;>egon Daily Emerald ODEOregon Daily Emerald ODE Oregon Daily Emerald ODE
Researchers explain importance
of their experiments with animals
By Sarah Kitchen
Of tto Km#riM
About 20 researchers had ex
periments that were either
destroyed or partially damaged
as a result of Sunday's
laboratory break-in.
The vandals, calling
themselves the Animal Libera
tion Front, destroyed $50,000
worth of equipment and stole
150 laboratory animals, in
cluding cats, hamsters, rats and
rabbits.
One strain of hamster stolen
in Sunday's break-in was
developed at the University by
Dr Michael Menaker and was
the only one of Its kind to exist
in the world, he said.
Menaker was using the
hamsters to study circadian
systems, the internal clock of an
animal.
I m working on biological
clocks, the timing systems
animals have inside them and
how this physiological process
is disrupted, for example, by
traveling across time zones or
working on different shifts."
Menaker said.
Menaker has been observing
how Seasonal Affective
Disorder (SAD| is influenced by
the state of the circadian
system.
People suffering from SAD
have an irregular circadian
system. Menaker said. For ex
ample. when people consistent
ly wake up too early in the mor
ning and their sleep cycle is
disturbed, it means their circa
dian system is advanced, and it
is functioning earlier that it
should be. Menaker explained.
"We think that there are
naturally occurring, genetic
predispositions to various
psychological problems."
Menaker said.
Some of the hamsters that
were stolen had spontaneous
mutations that had occured dur
ing breeding and were
discovered by chance. Menaker
said.
"These hamsters mimicked
the human SAD condition
they woke up early, and they
did not respond to light,"
Menaker said.
When these animals were
crossed with normal animals,
their offspring demonstrated a
singular gene that caused the ir
regularity. he said.
"The dominant gene was
Studies delayed
but will continue
with new animals
seen in both sexes, and we were
hoping U* study it as a model
system for SAD.” Menaker said.
“With this single gene, it
would have been easy, or at
least possible, to understand
what caused (SAD),” Menaker
said.
The work on the hamsters
was just starting because a pure
line of the animals had only
recently been obtained,
Menaker said. The research was
aimed at observing these
hamsters and learning what was
different with that particular
strain, he said.
The Animal Liberation Front
said in a letter delivered to
several area newspapers Mon
day morning that one reason for
the break-in was to protest ex
periments being conducted by
Dr. Barbara Gordon-Lickey.
Gordon-Lickey is concerned
that the media is playing into
the hands of the ALF. she said,
and she refused to talk about her
involvement in the ex
periments. But Ethan Allen, her
research assistant, spoke on her
behalf.
Gordon-Lickey has been
researching the nervous system,
especially the visual system, for
about 15 years. Allen said.
"In the past five years, her
research has become more
neuro-chemical; before that, it
was physiological,” Allen said.
"What we are studying is the
phenomena of neuromal
plasticily, which is a very basic
phenomena in in many
vertebrates' nervous systems,"
Allen said. "Plasticity refers to
the ability of a nervous system
to make a fundamental change
in its output for a given set of in
puts: it relates to a wide array of
everyday activity."
Alien believes that an
understanding of the function
of plasticity would be extremely
valuable, both clinically and
therapeutically, he said.
“Currently there is practical
ly nothing that anyone can do
for someone who has suffered
brain trauma. If they have been
hit heavily on the head or have
had a stroke, and certain parts
of their brain are shut off. those
parts can never be regained."
Alien said.
"If we can understand what
the neurological mechanism is.
and what the biochemistry is to
turn plasticity back on. then
there may be a possiblity of
dealing with such problems."
he said.
Neuroma!-plasticity can be
most widely expressed in young
animals. Allen said, a
phenomena similar to ('onrad
Lawrence's work on imprin
ting. or teaching animals cer
tain things at a certain age.
"While certain forms of learn
ing occur throughout life,
others are confined to certain
ages." Allen said.
This research, however, can
not be done without using ac
tual animals: graphs and com
puters are useful, but they do
not do the job effectively. Allen
said. The research Gordon
Lickey and Allen were working
on involves experiments on kit
tens between the ages of four
and eignt weens or age.
“The fact is that you cannot
study how nervous systems are
organized without studying
organized nervous systems,”
Allen said. “We are admittedly
working on a very small piece of
a very big puzzle, but that is the
only way anyone is ever going
to make any progress.”
The research was not directly
harmed by the Sunday raid,
Allen said. The research will be
held up for a few months,
however, because of the fact
that the breeding colony of cats
was stolen and because of the
damaged equipment.
The main outcome of Sun
day's break-in is “the taxpayers
will just end up having to pay
more money.” Allen said.
Tom Stevens, assistant pro
fessor of chemistry, and his
research group lost four rabbits
in the raid. The rabbits were be
ing used as blood donors for
research being done in Steven's
field of cellular biology.
"We don't experiment on the
rabbits," Stevens said. "What
we use (the rabbits) for is as
donors of blood; we use their
serum, and every throe weeks
we get a donation of a very
small volume of blood."
Prior to having blood drawn,
Continued on Page 5
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