Photo by Mark Pynes
Kinko's, a photcopying service near campus, refuses to copy any
material they may feel violate copyright laws.
Photocopying: just what constitutes fair use?
The monk looks up reverent
ly. “It’s a miracle,” he marvels.
The Xerox machine has made
his life easier.
College students may not
look with the same awe on the
name of Xerox — it is such a
common phenomenon, with
photocopiers gracing the
library, the EMU and assorted
offices around campus.
But students not only use
duplications for research
papers and term projects, many
University classes also use
Xerox packets from various
print shops close to campus
And that could be illegal.
U.S. copyright laws are
vague, according to Journalism
Prof. Marc Abrams.
“The law is not hard and
fast,” he says. “You know when
you're stealing a car or jewels,
but you may not know when you
are stealing profits and ideas.”
The “fair use” clause in the
copyright laws is responsible
for the confusion. Fair use
allows copying of material for
educational purposes if the
copied portion is a small part of
the entire work. Commonly
used formulas are 10 percent of
the work or less in the case of a
book, or an entire article of less
than 2,500 words, according to
guidelines adopted by 38 educa
tional institutions.
Abrams estimates about 90
percent of the faculty does not
have a clear understanding of
copyright laws.
‘I suspect there are a large
number of violations on every
college campus,” Abrams says.
“The real problem is not
deliberate violations. A large
percentage of professors are
unaware. The real problem is ac
cidents and unintentional ap
propriation of someone else’s
property.”
But those "accidents" may
lead to lawsuits.
Recently, a case was filed by
a group of publishers against
New York University, nine of its
faculty members and a nearby
copying shop. According to the
Jan. 5 issue of the Chronicle of
Higher Education, the suit
seeks a permanent injunction
against further illegal photoco
pying and an unspecified award
for damages to the copyright
owners.
Abrams says the case could
have far-reaching conse
quences for all universities,
although it is difficult to deter
mine how the courts will resolve
the case.
But University officials are
not worried. Provost Dick Hill
says he has not had any pro
blems with the law and only a
few inquiries for information.
Professors contacted by the
Emerald all seemed to have a
fairly clear idea of their rights
and liabilities and all felt they
are within the law. Most of them
say they mainly use journal ar
ticles or one or two chapters
from a book.
Are the packets useful
enough to outweigh the poten
tial liabilities?
Most professors seem to
think so.
Photocopying saves the
students money by allowing
them to simply buy one chapter
rather than the entire text. It is
also easier for most students
than putting the book on
reserve in the library.
“I use packets because in in
troduction to political science
in particular there is no text that
is adequate and which is
generally recognized by book
representatives and pro
fessors,” says John Orbell, a
political science professor.
• The choice of a text that is in
adequate would be irrespon
sible."
Journalism Prof. Lauren
Kessler also looks at copyright
laws as protection for each
other. “Most professors also
write, and they would not like to
think the professor is xeroxing
their book,” she says.
‘‘Professors have a selfish
stake in the copyright law."
However, History Prof. John
Nicols admits he feels some
qualms about the 280-page an
thology he uses.
“I’m very concerned," says
Nicols, who has written a letter
to Penguin Publishers express
ing his worries and asking them
for possible remedies. "It's
legitimate that the people who
do the work should get the
royalties.”
He suggests working out
some sort of percentage of
sales based on the number of
pages used from the work.
Nicols says he uses an
thologies because he can base
them around a theme he wishes
to portray through the class,
and textbooks are not written
that way.
“It’s like driving on 1-5 at 65
miles an hour," says Nicols. He
says he knows it may be wrong,
but he does it anyway. "I’d like
to be within the law on an issue
like that. It's difficult to talk
about laws in ancient societies
and then break copyright laws.”
Kinko’s Copies, one of the
most widely used printing ser
vices near the campus, has con
sulted a copyright attorney to
make sure they operate within
the law. Co-owner Jamie
Douglas was assured by the at
torney that the store is legal.
Kinko’s, which has eight self
service copiers and three big
production machines, has each
professor fill out a release to
assure the printing shop that
the professors are acting within
the law. Douglas also says they <
will refuse to copy anything
they feel may not be legitimate,
which she says may occur
about twice a term.
"We have worked too hard to
lose what we have over a foolish
violation of the law," Douglas
says.
Kinko’s gives all employees a
set of guidelines which read:
“Kinkos is not in business to in
fringe copyrights, nor to turn
away proper requests for copy
ing by its customers. Balancing
these interests in a manner fair
to all concerned is a necessary
part of our business.”
By Sandy Johnstone
EMU presses for print shop alternatives
Faced with increasing
deficits, the EMU Print Shop
appears headed for a change.
The print shop has been a
discussion topic at EMU
Board meetings for the last
three months. At the begin
ning of the year, it appeared to
have rosy prospects.
Bob Scnutz, former EMU
business manager, projected
the print shop would break
even at the end of this year
after having recorded a deficit
last year.
But at a Tuesday EMU
budget committee meeting,
Jan Hosmer, the new business
manager, reported the print
shop had a deficit of $8,700 for
the last six months of 1982.
That’s $3,200 more than the
deficit for a similar period the
year before, Hosmer says.
The deficit is increasing
because volume is down,
Hosmer says. Campus depart
ments apparently are doing
their own printing, and more
copying is done off campus,
she says.
The EMU is investigating
alternatives to centralize more
printing for efficiency and
lower costs, Hosmer says.
would still handle all the
orders, but having the Univer
sity Press handle the printing
would reduce costs.”
The EMU should hear within
two weeks whether the prin
ASUO employees who do
most of printing at the shop
would go to the University
Press instead, says Jeff
Nudelman, EMU board
member.
The EMU Print Shop recorded a deficit of $8,700 in
the last six months of 1982.
One proposal is to have the
printing department — the
University Press — take over
the shop. That department is
studying whether to lease the
shop space, says Wayne Mer
ritt, print department
superintendent.
EMU Director Adell
McMillan says such a move
may cut costs.
“The students wouldn’t
notice much of a change,” she
said at the Tuesday meeting.
"The print shop employees
ting department will propose
leasing the print shop,
McMillan says.
William McLaughlin, direc
tor of business affairs, would
review any offer from the prin
ting department, McMillan
says. If McLaughlin deems the
proposal viable, he’ll send it to
the EMU Board for approval,
she says.
The EMU also is consider
ing eliminating the print shop
and leasing the space to a
private business. EMU and
Although Merritt says the
printing department could
handle the increased volume,
McMillan says the extra walk
ing distance would be in
convenient, wasting time and
labor for small amounts of
copying.
But Nudelman says the
decreased deficits more than
make up for the extra walking
distance.
“If it comes down to a mat
ter of dollars and cents, I’d
rather walk two blocks to save
$8,700," he says.
Nudelman says high quality
and low cost are his only
considerations.
“I don’t care who it is as
long as it becomes a money
maker," he says.
At the December board
meeting, Nudelman said
Kinko’s Copies has expressed
interest in leasing the space.
Kinko's owner Dave Gibson
says his business could serve
the University community bet
ter from a campus location.
And Gibson says he would
consider a revenue-sharing
plan with the EMU if Kinko’s
moved on campus.
Students are conducting a
marketing survey on the print
shop, and the EMU Board will
take up the print shop discus
sion at its February meeting.
Meanwhile, a print shop
budget has been prepared for
next year, McMillan says.
By Rich Burr
urn
Photo by Mark Pynes
The University Press is studying a proposal to take over the EMU Prim Shop, and that would mean that print
shop employee Karl Newman would become an employee of the University Press.
University Theatre and
U of O Dept, of Dance
presents
$ Dance ’83
P
January 27*30*
February 2-5
Robinson Theatre
8:00 pm
* January 30- 2 pm Matinee
Tickets:
*5.00—General Public
*3.25—<J of O students
& seniors
Call 686 4191 for ticket in
formation and reservations.
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The Town Quacker Announces:
The University of Oregon Housing
Department is now accepting
applications for the position of
STUDENT MANAGER
Qualifications: Must be a regularly enrolled student with experience as a
Resident Assistant or hall counselor. Must be available to students and staff
during most weeknights and weekends. Will not be allowed to hold an
outside job.
Reimbursement: $2,762 room and board credit and $3,058 as a cash
stipend.
Selection Process: Will begin the week of February 21-25. and should be
completed by March 11 th
Mandatory Meeting: Friday. February 18th at 4 p.m.. Conference room.
Walton Hall
Applications: Are available at the front desk of the Housing Dept, in
Walton Hall. Due February 11th.
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SWING DANCE
i 1 r, ; ;
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i i ) i . r
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with music by the
STARLIGHTERS
Saturday, Feb. 12
9:00 p.m. - 12:00 p.m.
EMU Ballroom
FREE
Refreshments will be served
Sponsored by the EMU Cultural Forum
and the Music Performance Trust Fund